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The paper analyses the interaction between two internal length scales during dynamic strain localization in multiphase porous materials. The first internal length is introduced in the mathematical model by the gradient‐dependent plasticity for the solid skeleton, while the second one is naturally contained in the multiphase model and is due to the seepage process of the water via Darcy's law, which induces a rate‐dependent behaviour of the solid skeleton. Numerical results of a one‐dimensional example of water saturated porous medium demonstrate the competing effect between these two length scales. The porous medium is here treated as a multiphase continuum, with the pores filled by water and air, the last one at constant atmospheric pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper presents a fully coupled finite element formulation for partially saturated soil as a triphasic porous material, which has been developed for the simulation of shield tunnelling with heading face support using compressed air. While for many numerical simulations in geotechnics use of a two‐phase soil model is sufficient, the simulation of compressed air support demands the use of a three‐phase model with the consideration of air as a separate phase. A multiphase model for soft soils is developed, in which the individual constituents of the soil—the soil skeleton, the fluid and the gaseous phase—and their interactions are considered. The triphasic model is formulated within the framework of the theory of porous media, based upon balance equations and constitutive relations for the soil constituents and their mixture. An elasto‐plastic, cam–clay type model is extended to partially saturated soil conditions by incorporating capillary pressure according to the Barcelona basic model. The hydraulic properties of the soil are described via DARCY 's law and the soil–water characteristic curve after VAN GENUCHTEN . Water is modelled as an incompressible and air as a compressible phase. The model is validated by means of selected benchmark problems. The applicability of the model to geotechnical problems is demonstrated by results from the simulation of a compressed air intervention in shield tunnelling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于细观分析的黏土本构模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据黏性土在固结排水条件下的加、卸载变形特征,分析了孔隙水,固体骨架在不同变形阶段的力学响应行为,按照细观力学分析中的自洽方法,建立了在固结排水条件下的黏土损伤本构模型。模型中考虑了孔隙水和固体骨架在加、卸载阶段的不同特性,认为在损伤阶段整体剪切模量的降低是由固体骨架颗粒接触面滑移而引起,与骨架中滑动相的体积百分比和滑动相的剪切模量有关,并给出了求解整体变形模量的解析方法,最后将模型预测与不同初始固结压力,不同应力路径的排水试验结果作了比较,证明该模型是合理的。 相似文献
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A three‐phase soil model is proposed to simulate stress wave propagation in soil mass to blast loading. The soil is modelled as a three‐phase mass that includes the solid particles, water and air. It is considered as a structure that the solid particles form a skeleton and their voids are filled with water and air. The equation of state (EOS) of the soil is derived. The elastic–plastic theory is adopted to model the constitutive relation of the soil skeleton. The damage of the soil skeleton is also modelled. The Drucker–Prager strength model including the strain rate effect is used to describe the strength of the soil skeleton. The model is implemented into a hydrocode Autodyn. The recorded results obtained by explosion tests in soil are used to validate the proposed model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study presents a simple approach to modelling the effect of temperature on the deformation and strength of unsaturated/saturated soils by using the average skeleton stress and degree of saturation. The concept of thermo-induced equivalent stress is introduced to consider the influence of temperature on the pre-consolidated stress. A skeleton stress–saturation framework is applied to enable the model to describe the thermo-elastoplastic behaviour of both unsaturated and saturated soils, as the skeleton stress can smoothly shift to Terzaghi’s effective stress if saturation changes from the unsaturated to the saturated condition. The new model only employs seven parameters, of which five parameters are the same as those used in the Cam-Clay model. The other two parameters can be easily determined by oedometer tests and simple thermo-mechanical tests. Numerical simulations of isotropic loading tests and triaxial shear tests under different conditions are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. By comparing with experimental temperature controlled oedometer tests and triaxial tests, it is confirmed that the proposed model is able to capture the thermo-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated/saturated normally and over-consolidated soils with a set of unified parameters. 相似文献
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The theoretical and computational aspects of large strain static and dynamic partially saturated soil analysis are presented. The soil is assumed to be a three-phase material with a solid phase which may yield according to a generalized plasticity theory, whose liquid phase flows according to Darcy's law and where gaseous phase remains equal to the external ambient pressure. Permeability varies not only as a function of the degree of water saturation, but also as a function of the void ratio. These aspects are shown on several examples. 相似文献
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A meshless method based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach is proposed to analyze 3-d axisymmetric problems in porous functionally graded materials. Constitutive equations for porous materials possess a coupling between mechanical displacements for solid and fluid phases. The work is based on the u–u formulation and the incognita fields of the coupled analysis in focus are the solid skeleton displacements and the fluid displacements. Independent spatial discretization is considered for each phase of the model, rendering a more flexible and efficient methodology. Both displacements are approximated by the moving least-squares (MLS) scheme. The paper presents in the first time a general meshless method for the numerical analysis of axisymmetric problems in continuously nonhomogeneous saturated porous media. Numerical results are given for boreholes in continuously nonhomogeneous porous medium with prescribed misfit and exponential variation of material parameters in the excavation zone. 相似文献
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决定饱和岩土材料变形的有效应力 以及孔压系数B的表达式主要有2种不同的形式,为辨析其合理性,分析了不排水条件下,孔压增量和净围压增量作用下固相与骨架的体积压缩系数之间的关系,以及分别由孔压增量和净围压增量作用引起的液相、固相和骨架的体积增量,指出了 和B的两种形式的表达式在推求过程中各自存在的问题,并通过不排水和排水条件下的变形等效关系,建立了新的有效应力 和孔压系数B的表达式。 相似文献
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有关煤成烃的基本认识 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在煤化作用过程中,煤岩组分产出气相和液相物质的同时,固相煤岩组分本身也遭受改造。现今的固相煤岩组分与已产出的气相和液捐物质都是它们共有“前身”演化的“产物”,所以只根据固相煤岩组分的生烃潜能作为评价油气资源的依据还不够理想。煤在短时间高温条件下的热演化,与煤在漫长地质时期、低温条件下自然煤化作用过程中的热化有本质差异,用热解实验方法研究煤成烃尚存在一定问题。煤层内的气处在吸附一解吸和运移的动态平衡状态,决定煤层含气的主导因素是煤层的储气和运移条件,生烃潜能不起主导作用。 相似文献
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饱和多孔介质的动力响应研究在众多工程领域具有重要意义。充分考虑孔隙率的变化规律与影响因素,有利于合理揭示饱和多孔介质的相关力学行为。为此,将动态孔隙率模型与用于表征饱和多孔介质动力特性的u-U-p型方程结合,构建相应的非线性力学模型,利用Comsol Multiphysis PDE求取相应的数值解,以此研究不同透水条件下,受谐波载荷激励的二维饱和土体的孔隙率、变形量及孔隙水压力的变化规律。结果表明：孔隙率的变化与土骨架的体应变及孔隙水压力直接相关,土体压缩过程中,孔隙率相应减小,土骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用增强,土体运动时所受阻力增大,其无量纲竖向位移小于孔隙率被视为常数时的情况,在此条件下,由于土体的变形量减小,其孔隙水压力也相对减小。故充分考虑动态孔隙率,有利于更加精确地研究等饱土体和多孔介质的相关力学行为。此外,土体上表面透水条件下,孔隙流体可以从土体表面自由排出,土骨架承受的载荷更大,与不透水条件相比,土体孔隙率、竖向位移、孔隙水压力等变化更为显著。 相似文献
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为了弄清楚表层岩溶系统碳汇机理,有必要对该系统中气、液和固三相不平衡体系中碳的迁移途径进行研究。2010年,在板寨地下河流域布置了8个碳稳定同位素分析测试点。通过碳稳定同位素示踪剂及空气CO2分压对比,发现森林区岩溶水和自由大气中大部分碳是来自土壤空气。在表层岩溶系统碳汇过程中整个碳迁移路径可分为4个环节,依次为(1)植被光合作用吸收空气CO2;(2)土壤根系的呼吸作用及腐殖质分解向土壤释放CO2;(3)地下水循环岩溶作用将气态CO2转换成液态HCO3-离子;(4)地下水中的碳随水流向河流及海洋。在整个碳汇过程中,森林和土壤起到了“加压泵”的作用,大大提高了大气CO2向土壤空气CO2转换过程中的CO2分压,从而显著地提高了岩溶的作用速率。 相似文献
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Modelling landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using material point method 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a dynamic fully coupled formulation for saturated and unsaturated soils that undergo large deformations based on material point method. Governing equations are applied to porous material while considering it as a continuum in which the pores of the solid skeleton are filled with water and air. The accuracy of the developed method is tested with available experimental and numerical results. The developed method has been applied to investigate the failure and post‐failure behaviour of rapid landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using two different bedrock geometries that lie below the top soil. The models show different failure and post‐failure mechanisms depending on the bedrock geometry and highlight the negative effects of continuous rain infiltrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. T. Manzari 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(2):83-110
Summary A finite element formulation is proposed for finite deformation dynamic analysis of saturated soil systems. The formulation is based on an updated Lagrangian approach and specifically considers the finite deformation effects on the flow of water through a soil element which undergoes a large deformation or rotation. A two-surface plasticity model is used to model the stress-strain behaviour of the soil skeleton. The proposed formulation has been implemented and is applied to simulate the response of a centrifuge model embankment. The calculated response is in good agreement with the observed behaviour of the soil embankment in the centrifuge test. 相似文献
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非饱和土体中的部分气体极容易在入渗过程中被封闭在孔隙或裂隙中,形成互不连通的与外界隔绝的封闭气泡。封闭气泡的存在阻碍了水相的流动,使土体的渗透性能降低,从而对土体的入渗速率产生不可忽视的影响。在分析前人研究成果的基础上,结合室内一维积水入渗试验结果,初步探讨了封闭气泡的形成原因,及其对土体入渗性能的影响机制,对研究非饱和土中水气二相流规律有重要指导意义。试验结果表明：积水入渗时,土体中存在封闭气泡,封闭气泡的含量与土性、干密度和初始含水率等有关。干密度越大,封闭气泡占据孔隙空间越大,阻渗作用越明显,干密度相同时,黏性土中封闭气泡对入渗的阻碍作用较砂性土明显;初始含水率较小时,封闭气泡含量相对较大。由于封闭气泡的存在,入渗稳定时的传输区土体含水率只有土样饱和含水率的80 %左右。 相似文献
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In this paper, a numerical model is developed for the fully coupled hydro‐mechanical analysis of deformable, progressively fracturing porous media interacting with the flow of two immiscible, compressible wetting and non‐wetting pore fluids, in which the coupling between various processes is taken into account. The governing equations involving the coupled solid skeleton deformation and two‐phase fluid flow in partially saturated porous media including cohesive cracks are derived within the framework of the generalized Biot theory. The fluid flow within the crack is simulated using the Darcy law in which the permeability variation with porosity because of the cracking of the solid skeleton is accounted. The cohesive crack model is integrated into the numerical modeling by means of which the nonlinear fracture processes occurring along the fracture process zone are simulated. The solid phase displacement, the wetting phase pressure and the capillary pressure are taken as the primary variables of the three‐phase formulation. The other variables are incorporated into the model via the experimentally determined functions, which specify the relationship between the hydraulic properties of the fracturing porous medium, that is saturation, permeability and capillary pressure. The spatial discretization is implemented by employing the extended finite element method, and the time domain discretization is performed using the generalized Newmark scheme to derive the final system of fully coupled nonlinear equations of the hydro‐mechanical problem. It is illustrated that by allowing for the interaction between various processes, that is the solid skeleton deformation, the wetting and the non‐wetting pore fluid flow and the cohesive crack propagation, the effect of the presence of the geomechanical discontinuity can be completely captured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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饱和膨润土及其与砂混合物的压缩变形特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对用不同制样方法得到的饱和膨润土及其与砂混合物进行了压缩试验。试验结果表明,饱和膨润土的压缩曲线呈双线性,不同于普通黏土的压缩曲线。压缩试验中量测了侧向应力,由此得到的饱和膨润土的静止侧向压力系数值较一般黏土的数值要大。对膨润土与砂混合物的击实样进行了由非饱和到饱和状态的浸水试验,并得出试验过程中侧向应力的变化规律。由于浸水饱和的试样和抽真空饱和的试样在较高压力时压缩曲线趋于一致,可采用快速抽真空饱和的方法进行试验研究,以缩短非饱和混合物击实样浸水饱和所需时间。引入骨架孔隙比的概念,用来判断膨润土与砂混合物中砂骨架是否形成,得出影响混合物压缩特性的决定因素。 相似文献
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The theoretical aspects of fully coupled thermohydromechanical behaviour of saturated porous media are presented. The non-linear behaviour of soil skeleton is assumed. A new concept called ‘thermal void ratio state surface’ is introduced to include thermal effects, and the stress state level influence on volume changes. The fluid phase flows according to Darcy's law and energy transport is assumed to follow Fourier's law classically. Variation of water permeability, water and solid unit weight due to thermal effects and pore pressure changes are included. A finite element package is developed based on final matrix form obtained from discretization of integral form of field equations by finite element method and integration in time. A very good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results was obtained for the several simple problems proposed by other authors. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献