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1.
海水入侵是困扰沿海地区经济社会发展的重大资源、环境问题,严重影响沿海地区地下水资源。定量模拟、预测和可视化管理是对海水入侵进行有效监测和机理分析的重要手段。基于前期海水入侵模拟的理论研究及方法,提出了海水入侵模拟及预测模型VFT3D,该模型综合考虑地表水-地下水对海水入侵的协同控制作用,能够模拟变密度地下水流及复杂反应性迁移,实现模拟海水入侵的完整水文循环过程。文章介绍了VFT3D模型,利用VFT3D模型模拟了一个海水入侵案例,并与SEAWAT模型模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明VFT3D 模型模拟水头与SEAWAT模型模拟结果相差不大,但SEAWAT模型无法模拟海水入侵中复杂的化学反应过程。VFT3D 模型模拟发现,水文地球化学过程（阳离子吸附交换作用）对阳离子（Na+、K+、Mg2+和Ca2+）运移产生明显影响,同时引起过渡带中离子组分浓度发生变化,对海水入侵过程产生较大影响。因此,考虑变密度和复杂反应过程,才能更加准确地描述海水入侵,从而有利于地下咸水治理工程的科学实施。 相似文献
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海水入侵湛江市地下水的可能性及预防对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
预防海水入侵，是沿海城市开发利用地下水必须重视和研究的重要问题。根据湛江市区域水文地质条件、地下水运动的基本规律，结合开采现状及近年来地下水动态监测资料，运用地下水动力学的基本原理，对海水入侵湛江市地下水的可能性进行了探讨。认为，海水入侵地下水有湛江内港海水垂直入侵和中、深层承压水咸淡水过渡带外围咸水的水平入侵两种可能的方式。在分析两种入侵方式发生和发展条件的基础上，提出了合理开发水源、预防海水入 相似文献
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深圳市是我国沿海经济最发达的地区之一,但同时也是受海水入侵影响非常大的沿海地区。以深圳市宝安区为典型研究区．开展了钻孔施工及地下水样采集工作,并测试了水样的微量元素含量和稳定氢氧同位素组成。在此基础上,探讨了地下水微量元素与同位素特征对海水入侵以及地下水起源的指示意义,发现Br,B,Li,Sr等微量元素和δD及δ^18O可用于有效指示海水入侵的发生,并分辨地下水的不同起源,可为区内地下水资源的保护工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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通过遥感解译研究了日照市海水入侵现状,从人为因素、地质原因、气候原因和地理环境因素等方面,对海水入侵原因进行了分析。在沿海地区,地下水的储备与人类的用水需求之间存在矛盾,人类过量开采地下淡水是产生海水入侵的主要原因。因此,兴建地下水库、减少地下水的开采和人工回灌等是防治海水入侵行之有效的措施。 相似文献
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复杂条件下的地下管线探测技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以深圳市某大道顶管施工地下管线的探测成果为例,研究了在复杂场地条件下,探测地下管线的地球物理方法和技术,着重研究了电磁感应探测法.认为在复杂条件下,对钢质煤气管,应采用电磁感应探测法;对钢质或铁质给水管,应采用直接法;对电力管和电信管,应尽量采用夹钳法;对排水(管)渠等非金属材质管线,应采用地质雷达探测的方法. 相似文献
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论海水入侵综合防治应用技术 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文概述了当前国内外控制海水入侵灾害的技术与方法,结合我国海水入侵实际情况,尤其是针对莱州湾地区海水入侵的特点,提出海水入侵综合防治应用技术与策略.海水入侵的防治是一个涉及从陆地到海洋,从地上到地下,从自然环境到人类社会经济发展的综合性问题.通过工程措施和调度手段,在海水入侵区实施流域洪水拦蓄补源、雨水资源化集流利用技术,营建地下帷幕阻成蓄淡工程,以及实行地表地下多种可利用水体联合供水优化调度,可有效防治海水入侵.从适应、改良、治理海水入侵区域不良环境入手,实施海水入侵区节水农业技术,调整产业结构,发展生态农业,是改善海水入侵区受害生态环境,缓解海水入侵灾害问题的重要宏观调控手段. 相似文献
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强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
磁共振地下水探测方法因具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解唯一等优点而备受地球物理工作者关注。近几年,该方法在正演模型和反演解释方面取得了显著的进展,在水文地质勘查方面的应用也进一步拓展。然而,磁共振信号极其微弱、对周围环境中的电磁干扰反映敏感,成为其应用的主要瓶颈。吉林大学地下水磁共振技术课题组针对噪声的产生机理及特性,对影响信号质量最严重的两类噪声--工频谐波噪声和尖峰脉冲噪声进行研究。本文综述了强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法的研究现状及近期研究进展,包括磁共振信号的工频谐波噪声压制方法和尖峰脉冲噪声压制方法,简要介绍了实时参考消噪技术、独立分量分析技术、基于能量运算的尖峰噪声抑制技术以及基于同步压缩小波变换和自寻优非线性阈值补偿技术抑制电磁干扰的研究示例,展望了地下水磁共振探测噪声压制技术的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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针对我国西部黄土地区特殊的地形地貌、近地表条件和地下浅层目标体,开展了路基下伏地质缺陷地震探测技术的应用研究。为检验不同地震方法的探测能力,设计了一个综合地质地球物理模型,包含凹陷、断层、地裂缝、地下低速体、软弱夹层及滑坡等典型地质缺陷,利用有限差分波场模拟,计算出多分量反射地震记录和面波地震记录,分别进行了反射波成像和高阶面波反演横波速度成像。数值模拟结果表明,反射波成像和高阶面波反演横波速度成像技术对真实模型中的凹陷、断层、浅层低速体、软弱夹层及滑坡等主要地质缺陷均能清晰成像,验证了地震方法探测路基下伏地质缺陷的可行性。数值计算结果表明,不同的地球物理探测方法对地质缺陷的探测效果和适用范围不同。 相似文献
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城市化是人类社会发展的必然趋势。伴随着城市的快速发展,大部分城市长期超强度开发利用资源,大量排放“三废”,导致资源破坏,环境恶化,人为产生了一系列地质灾害问题。由于城市地质灾害具有危害性、潜在性、突发性、隐蔽性、社会性等特点,因此全面加强城市防灾减灾,不但特别重要,而且十分紧迫。近年来,地球物理技术的应用范围得到了迅速地扩展。在各种城市地质灾害的监测、预报和防治工作中,地球物理方法同样可以发挥巨大的作用。这里针对崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、海水入侵、地下水资源污染、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等几种常见城市地质灾害,概述了我国城市中的危害及发展现状,并结合实例介绍了地球物理方法在城市地质灾害勘察中的应用。实践证明,地球物理方法在城市地质灾害勘察的监测、探测和防治中具有特有的优势,是一个前景十分广阔的领域。 相似文献
11.
Rolland Andrade 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(4):337-344
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been used in association with several geohydrological, geotechnical and geophysical
methods in resolving several site specific problems in hydrological science. Advancement in the field of computers and automation
in the field of electronics has jointly resulted in the development of this geophysical innovation which has wide application
in groundwater, environmental and engineering problems including monitoring of vadose zone water movement, steam injection
etc. In this paper application of ERT in association with geohydrological and other exploration methods in resolving groundwater
sustainability problem of a micro-watershed area in semi arid granite terrain is presented as three independent cases. In
a hard rock terrain the probability of complexities in understanding the sub-surface lithology and its corresponding hydrological
parameters are more. Hence appropriate resistivity survey configuration and suitable inversion of acquired data in congregation
with other geo-scientific investigations were carried out to understand the site specific problem. The study demonstrated
as 3 independent cases shows the usefulness of the ERT method in hydrological investigations, which is economic, efficient
and less time consuming in comparison to the other exploration methods. 相似文献
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在缺水地区开展找水水文地质勘查工作,如何提高成井供水效率,科学的找水方法至关重要。笔者介绍近10年来在我国西部地区300多个缺水村镇找水水文地质勘查实践中,总结出＂逐步逼近式＂找水方法。主要包括利用前人调查成果通过预研究确定找水方向、应用遥感解译方法圈定找水靶区、辅以简易快速物探方法的中比例尺地面调查确定富水地段、详细地面调查与物探组合技术结合优化确定钻探孔位、不同含水层选择相应钻探方法和成井工艺5个步骤。以及针对不同找水区在遥感数据源选择、简易快速物探方法应用与多方法有效组合探测的技术要点。 相似文献
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Localization of water bearing fractured zones in a hard rock area using integrated geophysical techniques in Andhra Pradesh,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Knowledge of the existence of fracture zones, their extent, intensity and direction is very useful for assessing groundwater in hardrock regions and in this context geophysical methods are widely accepted as a powerful means of study. In the modern era of exploration, application of the Resistivity Imaging technique gives a new opportunity for groundwater study in hardrock regions. Exploration surveys were conducted at one of the important sites in Maheshwaram watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India with a multielectrode resistivity imaging system. To reduce the ambiguity of geophysical interpretation some complementary geophysical studies like ground Magnetic and VLF were also carried out.A number of 2D resistivity images were prepared in a grid pattern, which clearly show the weathered and fractured zones in different parts of the study area. With the help of all 2D profiles a quasi-3D image has been created, which indicates the orientation and extension of the fracture zone in a horizontal as well as vertical direction in the study area. Strong agreement exists among the anomalies identified using the ground magnetic, VLF and resistivity imaging methods. The litholog data available in the study area also helps to interpret geophysical results to find a potential groundwater bearing zone in that area. 相似文献
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D. Karunanidhi G. Vennila M. Suresh P. Karthikeyan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1791-1798
The increasing demand for freshwater has necessitated the exploration for new sources of groundwater, particularly in hard rock terrain, where groundwater is a vital source of freshwater. A fast, cost effective, and economical way of exploration is to study and analyze geophysical resistivity survey data. The present study area Omalur taluk, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, is overlain by Archaean crystalline metamorphic complex. The study area is a characteristic region of unconfined aquifer system. The potential for occurrence of groundwater in the study areas was classified as very good, good, moderate, and poor by interpreting the subsurface geophysical investigations, namely vertical electrical soundings, were carried out to delineate potential water-bearing zones. The studies reveal that the groundwater potential of shallow aquifers is due to weathered zone very low resistivity and very high thickness and the potential of deeper aquifers is determined by fracture zone very low resistivity and very high thickness area. By using conventional GIS method, the spatial distribution maps for different layer (top soil, weathered zone, first fracture zone, and second fracture zone) thicknesses were prepared. The geoelectrical approach was successfully applied in the study area and can be therefore easily adopted for similar environments. 相似文献
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Geophysical and geomorphological approach for locating groundwater potential zones in Sukinda chromite mining area 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Ratnakar Dhakate D. K. Chowdhary V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao R. K. Tiwary Amlendu Sinha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2311-2325
The impact of mining causes deterioration of environment and decline of groundwater level in the adjoining mining areas, which influences groundwater source for domestic and agriculture purposes. This necessitated locating and exploiting of new groundwater source. A fast, cost-effective and economical way of locating and exploration is to study and analyze remote sensing data. Interpreted remote sensing data were used to select sites for carrying out surface geophysical investigations. Various geomorphologic units were demarcated, and the lineaments were identified by interpretation of false color composite satellite imageries. The potential for occurrence of groundwater in the Sukinda Valley was classified as very good, good, moderate and poor by interpreting the images. Sub-surface geophysical investigations, namely vertical electrical soundings, were carried out to delineate and demarcate potential water-bearing zones. Integrated studies of interpretation of geomorphologic, lineaments and geophysical data (aquifer thickness) were used to prepare groundwater potential map. The studies reveal that the groundwater potential of shallow aquifers is due to geomorphologic features, and the potential of deeper aquifers is determined by lineaments and degree of weathering. 相似文献
16.
Konstantinos Chalikakis Valérie Plagnes Roger Guerin Rémi Valois Frank P. Bosch 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(6):1169-1180
The karst environment is one of the most challenging in terms of groundwater, engineering and environmental issues. Geophysical methods can provide useful subsurface information in karst regions concerning, for instance, hazard estimation or groundwater exploration and vulnerability assessment. However, a karst area remains a very difficult environment for any geophysical exploration; selection of the best-suited geophysical method is not always straightforward, due to the highly variable and unpredictable target characteristics. The state of the art is presented, in terms of the contributions made by geophysical methods to karst-system exploration, based on extensive analysis of the published scientific results. This report is an overview and should be used as a preliminary methodological approach, rather than a guideline. 相似文献
17.
Mike Müller-Petke 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(3)
In this review article, we present recent developments and Improvements in magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), a newly established geophysical exploration method that provides unique information about hydrogeophysical properties due to its direct sensitivity to hydrogen protons and proton dynamics. Starting with the most sophisticated and complete MRS formulation, we give a detailed view on how to solve the equation, i.e., inverting exactly for all model parameters: water content, decay time, and resistivity. Giving a short review of general inversion schemes used in geophysics, the special properties of MRS inversion are evaluated and the development of MRS inversion over recent years is shown. We present the extension of MRS to magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), i.e., the extension to two-dimensional investigations and appropriate inversions. Finally, we address restrictions, limitations, and inconsistencies as well as future developments. 相似文献
18.
物探方法在岩溶勘查中的应用综述 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
简要介绍了岩溶勘察中常用物探方法的基本原理和技术，并举例说明其在岩溶地区进行水利水电工程地质勘察、岩溶地下水寻找、环境保护和溶洞探测时的有效性。 相似文献
19.
从广西“十二五”农村安全饮水工程找水实例出发,介绍了高密度电阻率法的应用效果,说明了高密度电阻率法在找水勘查中有着得天独厚的优势,在碳质泥岩、碳质灰岩、硅质岩以及断层构造等复杂地质构造上取得了良好的地质效果,完全可以作为类似复杂地质构造地区找水首选的物探方法. 相似文献