共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
1.
温度和pH对条石鲷幼鱼消化酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了温度和pH对条石鲷Oplegnathus fasciatus幼鱼胃、肠、肝内3种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响.结果表明,1)肠和肝的蛋白酶最适温度均为25℃,而胃蛋白酶最适温度为28℃;胃和肝淀粉酶最适温度是22℃,肠淀粉酶的最适温度为19℃;各消化器官的脂肪酶在16℃时活力最高.当温度在16-28℃之间时,条石鲷幼鱼的脂肪酶和蛋白酶活力较高,淀粉酶活力较低.2)胃蛋白酶最适pH为3.2,淀粉酶最适pH是7.6,脂肪酶最适pH为4.2;肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶最适pH分别是8.6、6.6和6.6;肝蛋白酶最适pH是7.6,肝淀粉酶和脂肪酶最适pH均为6.6. 相似文献
2.
海藻工具酶研究Ⅱ.褐藻酸酶的制备、性质及对裙带菜细胞的解离研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas espejiana)菌株Al01,通过发酵培养制备褐藻酸酶.该酶作用的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,最适底物浓度为1%～2%;在离子浓度为0.5mmol/dm3时,Mn2+对酶促反应稍有促进作用,Ca2+、Hg2+则有明显的抑制作用.该酶用于裙带菜单细胞和原生质体解离时,以酶液组成为褐藻酸酶1%、纤维素酶1%,45×10-3的NaC1为渗透剂,酶解温度25℃,pH7.0,酶解3-4h效果最好. 相似文献
3.
采用酶学分析方法研究了温度和pH对杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)肝胰腺和消化道中胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶4种主要消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,在设定的温度和pH范围内,杂色鲍各消化酶的活力均随着温度或pH的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势。其中,肝胰腺和消化道中胃蛋白酶的最适温度均为50℃,适宜pH分别为2.6～3.0、2.6～3.4;类胰蛋白酶在肝胰腺中的最适温度为40℃、适宜pH为8.6～9.0,在消化道中的最适温度为50℃,适宜pH为8.2;肝胰腺和消化道中淀粉酶的最适温度分别为40、30℃,最适pH分别为6.8、7.2;纤维素酶在肝胰腺中的适宜温度为40～50℃,最适pH为5.2,在消化道中的最适温度为40℃,适宜pH为4.8。在最适温度和pH范围内,肝胰腺中纤维素酶、淀粉酶活力均显著高于消化道中,具有器官特异性,而胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活力在肝胰腺和消化道中差异不显著,无器官特异性。同种消化器官内,各消化酶的活力也存在差异。 相似文献
4.
对一株分离自深海热液口的超嗜热古菌(Thermococcus sp.HJ21)菌株进行了α-淀粉酶发酵条件的优化和酶学性质的研究.该菌株发酵9h后到达产酶高峰,产酶温度范围为60-90℃,其最适产酶温度为80℃.产酶pH范围为5.0-9.0,最适产酶pH为7.5.产酶NaCl浓度范围为0.5-4.0%,2.5%为最适宜NaCI浓度.糖原、淀粉、麦芽糖、酵母膏和蛋白胨促进产酶.该菌株产生的α-淀粉酶的分子量为51.4 kDa,酶的最适作用温度为95℃,在100℃仍有60%的酶活力.酶在90℃的半衰期为5 h,在100℃ 2 h仍有40%的残余酶活,酶的热稳定性不依赖Ca2+.酶的最适作用pH为5.0,pH 4.5仍有80%的酶活力,pH在5.5-7.0较稳定(80℃ 4 h).金属离子1 mmol/L的Mg2+、Co2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、K+、Na+对酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Pb2+、Hg2+、zn2+、Al3+对该酶均有抑制作用. 相似文献
5.
利用选择性筛选培养基从所构建的深海沉积物宏基因组文库中筛选得到一株产蛋白酶的克隆（CAPR0002）,对其进行了酶学性质分析．结果表明该酶的最适作用温度为65cc,最适作用pH值为9．0．该蛋白酶具有较好的热稳定性,在40cC以下的温度中可长期保持稳定,在50℃中处理6h后仍能保持60％的活力,在60℃下保温30rain后仍能保持约60％的活力．Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、sr^2＋、co^2＋对该蛋白酶有明显的促进作用,而且ca^2＋的存在可明显提高该蛋白酶的热稳定性,ca^2＋、sr^2＋、c0^2＋这3种离子均在3．0mmol／dm^3。浓度时具有最高的促进作用,当浓度高于3．0mmol／dm’时,这3种离子对酶活力的促进作用减弱．Hg^2＋、Fe^2＋、cu¨对酶有明显的抑制作用．CAPR02蛋白酶在pH值为7。5～9．5时活力较高,pH值为7。5时可保持约80％的活力,pH值为9．5时保持60％的活力,而在pH值高于9．5的条件下酶活力下降较快,pH值为10．0时活力降为约15％,表明CAPR02属于碱性蛋白酶．丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF、E一64和AEBSF对CAPR02蛋白酶均无抑制作用,显示该酶不属于丝氨酸蛋白酶,而EDTA对酶有明显的抑制作用,表明该酶属于金属蛋白酶． 相似文献
6.
产碱性纤维素酶海洋细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
用CMC平板筛选方法,从青岛近海海域海水中分离出一株产碱性纤维素酶的海洋菌株QM11,经16S rDNA鉴定,该菌株为Cytophaga fucicola.对该菌的生物学特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为27℃,生长温度范围为4～48℃,为耐冷菌;在pH7.0～8.0、含3.0%NaC1的培养基条件下,最适宜菌株生长和产酶;QM11所产碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为9.0,在碱性条件下具有较高的酶活性和较好的稳定性.Mn2+、Fe3+对酶反应具有促进作用,Cu2+、Pb2+对酶反应具有抑制作用. 相似文献
7.
用酶标仪采用DTNB比色法测定栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血淋巴中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,并研究pH值、温度、激活剂和抑制剂对血清中该酶活性的影响及酶的热稳定性。结果表明,栉孔扇贝血细胞中GR比活力明显高于血清。血清中GR的最适pH值因缓冲液的不同而稍有差异:用PBS为缓冲液时,最适pH值为7.0;Tris-HCl为缓冲液时,最适pH值为7.5。酶的最适温度为60℃。将血清在20℃,30℃,40℃,50℃,60℃,70℃和80℃温度的水浴中放置30min后于20℃,pH7.5条件下测定该酶的热稳定性,结果显示50℃时酶的比活力最高,低于或高于此温度的酶比活力均下降,80℃时酶活性完全丧失。栉孔扇贝血淋巴中GR属中温型中性酶类,低温下较稳定。EDTA对该酶活性有促进作用,硫酸铜有抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6)
以中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)肝胰脏为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、Sephadex G-100和DEAE-32柱层析纯化,经PAGE获得蛋白酶,该酶的比活力为96.752U/mg。SDS-PAGE显示一谱带,测得酶亚基分子量为36.3kDa,凝胶层析法测得酶分子量为100.9kDa,推断该蛋白酶由3个相同亚基组成,等电聚焦电泳法测得酶的等电点pI为9.65。以酪蛋白为底物,研究蛋白酶催化反应的动力学参数。结果表明:蛋白酶的最适pH、最适温度、Km和Vmax分别为8.0、65℃、4.578mg/mL和0.273U/min;酶在pH为5.0~10.0范围内较稳定,在20~45℃之间具有较好的热稳定性,在50℃以上热稳定性迅速下降。Mg2+对酶活力没有影响,Ca2+、Ba2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Zn2+和Hg2+对酶有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Hg2+的抑制作用最强,10mmol/L Hg2+可使酶活力完全丧失,而Fe2+对酶有激活作用。EDTA对酶活力没有影响,推断该蛋白酶为非金属蛋白酶。 相似文献
9.
应用751-GW分光光度计比色法测定了广西自然种群泥蚶蛋白酶活性与pH值和温度的关系,所有数据都检验其正态性和方差同质性,并用Statistica软件包分析处理,得到如下主要结果:在温度为40℃的条件下,最适pH值为2.6和4.6,两者对应的蛋白酶活力分别为(0.68±0.03)u/g和(0.59±0.03)u/g,pH值为6.6以后的酶活力迅速减弱且变化趋缓;在pH值为6.6的条件下,随着温度(4～38℃)升高酶活力逐渐增强,最适温度为38℃,其对应的酶活力为(0.40±0.01)u/g,38℃以后酶活力逐渐减弱。这些结果表明,不同pH值和不同温度的蛋白酶活力经单因素方差分析均差异显著。广西自然种群泥蚶蛋白酶与皱纹盘鲍最适pH值的对比分析表明,该泥蚶存在胃蛋白酶。 相似文献
10.
温度和pH值对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannmei)消化酶活性的影响 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
采用双因子交互的方法研究了不同温度和pH值对南美白对虾淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,南美白对虾肝脏、肠道、胃的淀粉酶最适温度分别为 30℃、35℃、30— 35℃ ,最适pH均为 6 2。肝脏、肠道、胃的蛋白酶最适温度分别为 5 0— 65℃、5 5— 65℃、60℃ ,肝脏蛋白酶最适pH为 8 5— 9 0 ,肠道蛋白酶最适pH为 7 5— 8 5 ,胃蛋白酶最适pH为2 0和 5 5— 6 5。脂肪酶的活力很小 ,肝脏、肠道、胃的脂肪酶最适温度均为 37℃ ,最适pH均为 7 7。同时测得南美白对虾肠道、肝脏、胃组织内的pH分别为 6 7— 7 0、5 9— 6 1、5 1—5 3。在三种消化酶各自最适的温度、pH值下 ,比较其活力大小 ,在肝脏、肠道、胃均为蛋白酶>淀粉酶 >脂肪酶。 相似文献
11.
《Coastal Engineering》2004,51(10):967-990
Inlet relocation is a coastal management tool that, when applied to a migrating inlet, involves the artificial opening of a new tidal inlet along the historic migration path of the inlet. The old inlet is then artificially closed, or it is left open and will eventually close if the new inlet captures the entire tidal prism. Two inlets were relocated in such a manner in Southern Portugal and then were the subject of a monitoring program that included the acquisition of quantitative (topo-bathymetric surveys) data. Data was acquired for 4 years after the relocation at one of the inlets (Ancão Inlet) and for 2 years at the other (Fuzeta Inlet). The data obtained from the monitoring program were analysed together with the wave climate and then compared with historical information on the natural inlets, in order to assess the degree of success of the relocation actions. One of the relocations studied, Ancão Inlet, was considered to be successful even though an initial unexpected behaviour produced some material damage to property. On the contrary, the relocation of Fuzeta Inlet did not have the expected results, and the new inlet was affected by the same problems as the old one.It was found that the most important factor for a relocation action to succeed is the correct choice of the opening location. A theoretical procedure to enhance the possibilities of relocation success is suggested. (1) Hydrodynamic studies are needed in order to determine if the present conditions are similar to the historical ones. (2) The position for the inlet opening is chosen according to the hydrodynamic conditions, but there are other factors to be taken into account, i.e., the historical migration paths and typical inlet width of the natural inlet; the hydrodynamics of the backbarrier; the morphology of the backbarrier and, for multi-inlet barrier island systems, the proximity to adjacent inlets. (3) Once the position is chosen, environmental impact studies should be made in order to assess the risk of the relocation for the ecosystems of the area. Only if the environmental impact studies are favourable should a relocation action be performed. 相似文献
12.
利用贝类废弃物制造水解动物蛋白 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以扇贝加工废弃物—扇贝边为原料 ,采用枯草杆菌蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、Flavourzyme对其进行深度水解 ;然后应用超滤技术对酶解液进行分离 ,除去未水解的蛋白质、细菌、微细的颗粒等物质 ,得到富含氨基酸和小分子肽的超滤透过液 ;再应用反渗透技术进行预浓缩 ,以除去其中过多水分 ;最后 ,对该浓缩液进行减压浓缩或喷雾干燥 ,即得到浓液状或粉状的水解动物蛋白产品。其中 ,粉状产品的粗蛋白含量为 6 6 .88% ,氨基酸态氮含量为 6 .96 % ,氨基酸态氮 /总氮 6 5 .0 5 % ,均优于国外同类产品 相似文献
13.
A. Oliveira F. Rocha A. Rodrigues J. Jouanneau A. Dias O. Weber C. Gomes 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,52(2-4)
The Northern Iberian margin is a typical example of a continental margin subjected to seasonal highly energetic regime (waves and tides) and receiving inputs of continental sediments via riverine discharges. The principal goal of this study has been to use clay minerals as indicators of sedimentary dynamics in the open shelf system. The distributions of clay mineral in the top layer of the sedimentary cover are shown to be related to their continental sources, but also reflect the influences of winter storms and longshore currents in determining the pathways of sediment transport.The mineralogical composition of the material issuing from the rivers is very similar to the general mineralogical composition of the fine fractions of the seabed sediments. Those deposits that are directly influenced by riverine discharges have higher contents of kaolinite (>20%), whereas those that are not have higher contents of illite (>80%). The available data indicate no significant quantities of terrigenous particles are being discharged from the Spanish rias. Therefore, we conclude that physical processes are controlling the clay mineral distributions and that, despite contributions from the Minho River, the main source of fine detrital particles to the shelf region is the Douro River discharge. These particles settle on the middle shelf, below the 60 m isobath. During storm events these particles are re-suspended and advected northwards to the Galician shelf or into deeper domains. Thus the distributions of the clays indicate there is a net transport of fine sediments both northwards and off-shelf. 相似文献
14.
15.
Phosphorus release from coastal Baltic Sea sediments as estimated from sediment profiles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We used the decline in total phosphorus (P) concentration with depth in sediment profiles from the North-western Baltic Proper coastal zone to calculate the site-specific amount of sediment P eventually to be released to the water column: The potentially mobile P. P fractionation revealed that iron bound P dominated the potentially mobile P at sites with oxic surface sediment layers. Organic P forms were also a major constituent of the potentially mobile P pool. We determined that 1–7 g P/m2 were potentially mobile at our sites, and the turnover time of this P pool was considered short, i.e., less than a decade. To determine long-term average P fluxes to and from the surface sediment layer, we first multiplied the constant and relatively low P concentration in deeper sediment layers with the sediment accumulation rate to gain the P burial rate. Then the average total P concentration in settling matter was multiplied with the sediment accumulation rate to estimate the depositional P flux at each site. The difference between the depositional and burial rates represents the long-term average release rate of sediment P and varied between 1.0 and 2.7 g P/m2 yr among our sites. These rates are at the same order of magnitude as values reported from other areas of the Baltic Sea, and constitute a major source of P to the water column. 相似文献
16.
Statistics from Lagrangian observations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J.H. LaCasce 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,77(1):1-29
We review statistical analyses of Lagrangian data from the ocean. These can be grouped into studies involving single particles and those with pairs or groups of particles. Single particle studies are the most common. The prevalent analysis involves binning velocities geographically to estimate the Eulerian means and lateral diffusivities. However single particle statistics have also been used to study Rossby wave propagation, the influence of bottom topography and eddy heat fluxes. Other studies have used stochastic models to simulate dispersion, calculated Lagrangian frequency spectra and examined the relation between Lagrangian and Eulerian integral scales. Studies involving pairs of particles are fewer, and the results are not well-established yet. There are indications that pair separations grow exponentially in time below the deformation radius, as is also the case in the stratosphere. The behavior at larger scales is less clear, indicating either a turbulent cascade or dispersion by the sheared large-scale circulation. In addition, three or more particles can be used to measure relative vorticity and divergence. 相似文献
17.
M. Tiwari R. Ramesh B. L. K. Somayajulu A. J. T. Jull G. S. Burr 《Geo-Marine Letters》2006,26(1):23-30
Rapid shifts in past climate recorded in polar ice sheets have elicited various explanations relating to either thermohaline
circulation changes by ice-rafting or natural greenhouse gas concentrations modulated by climatic conditions in the tropics.
To compare the tropical paleoclimate record with the polar record, one must choose sediment cores from highly productive ocean
regions. Necessarily, such regions reflect the wind records in the tropics, because high productivity is associated with upwelling
driven by winds. Comparing tropical precipitation records with high-latitude records is, however, a more difficult task because
sediments recording paleoprecipitation usually have low sedimentation rates, and offer coarser resolution relative to polar
ice cores. Here, we present δ
18O data of three planktonic species of Foraminifera (a proxy for precipitation) from such a sediment core, spanning the past
35 ka for the equatorial Indian Ocean, which falls under the southwest monsoon (SWM) realm. Results show that minimum SWM
precipitation occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum, with a subsequent increase at Termination IA. During the Holocene, SWM
precipitation intensified uniformly up to the core top (∼2.2 ka b.p.), as revealed by generally decreasing δ
18O values. Variations in precipitation are consistent with climate changes recorded in polar ice sheets. Although the different resolutions of the two records preclude
a rigorous comparison, abrupt cooling/warming events appear to be accompanied by sudden reduction/enhancement in (SWM) rainfall.
Thus, mechanisms with time scales much shorter than a millennium, such as natural greenhouse warming (e.g., CH4 concentration), controlled by emissions from the tropics, could have played a major role in high-latitude climate change. 相似文献
18.
D. G. McKnight 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):204-213
Prionocidaris australis (Ramsay), Salenocidaris hastigera (A. Agassiz), Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, Aphanophora echinobrissoides de Meijere (Echinoidea), and Ophiotholia multispina Koehler (Ophiuroidea) are recorded from off Norfolk Island; Peronella hinemoae Mortensen (Echinodea) and a new species of Amphiophiura (Ophiuroidea) are recorded from Wanganella Bank situated about midway between Norfolk Island and northern New Zealand. 相似文献
20.