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西太平洋中部地区是西太平洋板块边缘沟-弧-盆体系构造演化的关键区域,其地质特征与构造演化一直是地学家关注的焦点问题之一。开展岩石圈有效弹性厚度的研究对于认识该区域的形成演化具有重要的科学意义。本文采用滑动窗口导纳技术,并在挠曲模型中考虑了表面荷载和内部荷载同时存在的情况,计算得到该区域的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)。计算结果显示,研究区的Te值整体上为0~50 km,其变化基本上与构造单元相吻合,且与主要的构造边界密切相关。除海底火山具有相对较小的Te值(15~20 km)外,太平洋板块整体上具有较强的岩石圈强度(25~30 km)。马里亚纳海沟和菲律宾海沟的岩石圈强度从外隆起到海沟方向表现为明显的减弱,表明岩石圈由外隆起向海沟发生了弱化。帕里西维拉海盆西部相较于东部具有较弱的岩石圈强度,这可能与海盆的非对称扩张有关。卡罗琳板块的岩石圈整体上表现为相对均一的低Te值特征(<15 km)。欧里皮克海隆、卡罗琳海岭和索罗尔海槽的Te值为3 km,这可能是强烈的火山作用所导致的结果。 相似文献
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选取纵穿南海北部陆缘的长排列多道地震剖面,利用挠曲回剥和重力异常模拟相结合的过程导向法(process-oriented gravity modelling,POGM),计算了研究区内不同构造单元同张裂及裂后阶段的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(effective elastic thickness,Te),并对其分布特征进行了详细分析。计算结果显示:张裂过程中岩石圈强度很弱;而裂后阶段岩石圈强度在不同构造单元并不相同,其中番禺低隆起和下陆坡区强度较高,Te约为15km,而在北部坳陷带为7km左右,白云凹陷地区强度最低,仅为5km左右。获得的岩石圈强度结果,加深了对南海北部大陆边缘盆地特征和岩石圈构造演化过程的认识,具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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南海成因机制及北部岩石圈热-流变结构研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
南海是西太平洋地区最大的边缘海之一,其北部具有被动大陆边缘特征。南海的形成演化动力学过程对理解该区地质、资源、环境等科学问题有重要意义。综述了近年来在南海北部大陆边缘开展的岩石圈热状态、流变学及南海成因机制和国际上伸展盆地成因数值模拟等方面的研究进展。南海北部大陆边缘区的大地热流相对较高,平均为75 mW/m2,其中绝大部分为来自地幔热流的贡献。莫霍面温度亦较高,从陆架向海盆方向,深部地温越来越高。岩石圈具有温度高、强度低和强烈流变分层等特征,且下地壳表现为韧性流动变形。伸展盆地成因模拟研究已从运动学向动力学模拟过渡,并逐渐强调岩石圈流变学性质的影响。目前对南海成因机制的理解仍存在争议,大陆裂解过程中岩石圈热-流变结构随时间的变化是控制南海形成演化的关键因素,对南海形成中岩石圈的热-流变学结构随时间的演化过程需要进行深入研究。 相似文献
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中国东南大陆边缘带岩石圈三维结构-动力学型式 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过中国东南大陆边缘至菲律宾海域太平洋间过渡带人工地震测深和天然地震面波层析成像的构造解析,发现大陆至大洋间的过渡带岩石圈存在不同的结构样式和动力学型式,结合地质学、构造地质学、地球化学和地球物理学其他标志的综合研究,建立起中国东南大陆边缘带岩石圈3种结构-动力学型式：盆岭结构伸展动力学型式（南海北部式）、弧陆楔状结构-碰撞楔入动力学型式（台湾式）和沟弧盆结构-俯冲动力学型式（东海式）。在论述中国东南大陆边缘带岩石圈3种三维结构特征的基础上,探讨了该区岩石圈3种基本动力学型式及其地质意义。 相似文献
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岩石圈挠曲研究采用的是弹性薄板小挠度弯曲方程(即克希霍夫方程),克希霍夫方程基于薄板的前提,忽略并假设薄板内垂向应力为0。本文在无需垂向应力为0的这一与地质事实不相符的假设的情况下,由弹性体几何方程、物理方程和静力平衡方程推导出岩石圈挠曲-弹性薄板小挠度弯曲的新中面方程,具有同等的数学简洁性。取泊松比为0.25时,有DFF/D=1.125,即新挠曲方程中的挠曲刚度DFF要比经典的克希霍夫挠曲方程的D值大12.5%。本文推导的新方程不仅可以在岩石圈动力学,也可以在弹性力学中获得应用。 相似文献
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20 0 0年 5月 ,北京大学李江海副教授在河北遵化发现了世界上最古老的 ( 2 5亿年前的 )大洋岩石圈残片。去年国庆 ,他率领科研小组又在辽西地区发现了新的古大洋遗迹 ,从而证实华北古大洋遗迹构成的缝合线至少超过了 2 0 0km。据悉 ,这是目前世界上发现的大陆碰撞最早的直接证据 ,也是迄今唯一带有大洋岩石记录的大陆缝合线。李江海博士估计真正的大陆缝合线可能在60 0 km左右 ,这还要做大量的工作 ,还要到几个地区进行实地考察。专家认为 ,大洋岩石圈往往消失在大陆碰撞之中 ,2 5亿年前的大洋地壳历经沧海桑田后一直残留至今 ,实在难能可贵… 相似文献
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利用大地水准面起伏模拟琉球海沟南、中、北段岩石圈的挠曲,经非线性最小二乘拟合,得到琉球海沟洋坡各段岩石圈的有效弹性厚度(T4)。模拟结果表明,琉球海沟洋坡的T4中段小,南北段大;南北段相比,南段小,北段大;与其他海沟相比琉球海沟洋坡的T4非常小。不同的Te值表明俯冲板片与岛孤之间不同的耦合程度,为进一步研究西太平洋边缘沟一弧一盆体系的动力学问题提供了新的视角。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2016,(1)
深地震探测、大洋钻探及野外露头观测等技术方法的联合运用,极大地推动了对大陆边缘地质过程的认识。目前对大陆边缘,尤其是对被动大陆边缘的结构、演化和发育机制的认识,正在经历一场前所未有的变革。文章从基本的概念和分类开始,综述了全球已探测到的几种主要大陆边缘类型的盆地结构、深地壳?岩石圈结构、圈层速度、沉降特点和破裂方式的研究进展,讨论了被动大陆边缘的发育和演化的机制。综合已有研究进展,指出富岩浆型和贫岩浆型陆缘在裂前和裂陷期具有相似的岩石组成和裂陷结构特征,只是在破裂前后由于岩浆量的不同而发生了结构的分异。贫岩浆型陆缘中的全岩石圈断裂型、上地壳过渡型、下地壳剥露型、上地幔剥露型,甚至下地壳+上地幔剥露的组合类型陆缘,是被动陆缘在张裂期由于岩石圈各层流变结构等因素的差异发生分异演化的结果。贫岩浆型陆缘下地壳高速体主要来源于地幔蛇纹岩化,而富岩浆型陆缘则主要来源于高温地幔熔融产生的底侵或侵入,局部可能继承了前张裂期的高速变质岩体。上述大陆边缘研究成果为研究南海的结构和演化提供了很好的对比和借鉴。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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