共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(4)
裂缝是沥青混凝土公路路面的常见病害,为了研究沥青混凝土中隐含裂缝的宽度与其探地雷达波场之间的对应变化关系,本文基于各结构层沥青混凝土的多相离散随机介质模型参数,应用量化约束多相离散随机介质模型建模算法,构建了与公路各结构层实际情况更相符的多相离散随机介质三维模型,并基于商用探地雷达蝶形天线三维模型,数值模拟与对比分析了探地雷达波在多相离散随机介质和均匀介质中的传播特征,研究了探地雷达波场随裂缝宽度变化的函数关系.研究结果表明:探地雷达波在多相离散随机介质中发生了散射,致使其数值模拟剖面具有明显的随机扰动特征和"噪声",降低了探地雷达对裂缝的成像能力;随着裂缝宽度由窄变宽,其在探地雷达剖面图上的横向异常宽度差异较小,但裂缝顶端绕射波振幅强度与裂缝宽度之间具有明显的规律性,这为探地雷达定量估算公路结构层隐含裂缝宽度提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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常规桥梁检测方法无法检测梁板内部裂缝及空心板顶板厚度等空心板桥梁的常见隐蔽病害。本文采用电磁波散射叠加原理,分析了垂直裂缝和倾斜裂缝的电磁波响应特征;研究了商用屏蔽型探地雷达天线普遍采用的平面蝶形偶极子天线的极化特性,平面蝶形偶极子天线激发一个电场主要极化方向与天线长轴方向平行的线性极化波,利用平面蝶形偶极子天线的极化特性使电磁波能量按指定方向传播,压制浅部钢筋等强干扰,增强探地雷达检测深部目标的能力,从而查明空心板内空洞的数量、位置及深度变化情况等。试验检测结果表明,探地雷达能快速、准确的检测桥梁裂缝及空心板顶板厚度。检测结果可以为旧桥维修加固提供更全面的技术数据。 相似文献
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探地雷达(GPR)是浅表地球物理科学技术中的一项重要手段.其重要性体现在它的应用广泛性和有效性.在工程检测、环境保护、文物考古、灾害救援、反恐安检、资源勘探、水文水利等科学技术领域中探地雷达都在发挥着其他手段无法取代的重要作用.关于探地雷达发展历史、基本系统及原理、信号处理与成像等方面的综述性文章已经很多.本文将重点评述作为浅表地球物理观测技术重要手段的探地雷达在几个基础地学与工程技术领域中的应用.这些方面包括沙漠中高大沙丘的内部结构与形成机理,永久冻土的现状探测与演化预测,民用基础设施(公路、桥梁、大坝、堤防)内部或地基内空洞及软弱带的检测,以及地震灾害现场生命探测与救援.本文还将用一定篇幅评述探地雷达技术的变异形式(如钻孔雷达、探月雷达).评述将结合观测实例,尤其是在中国大陆的实例.最后将就探地雷达技术现存的问题及发展方向提出个人见解.需要强调的是,尽管本文以探地雷达的科研应用为主题,浅表地球物理科技成果在各个领域的成功应用绝对不可能倚赖任何单一手段或方法.所有成功的实例都证明一定要强调某一方法为主,其他手段为辅,多手段、多方法的有效配合,才有可能最大程度的减小探测结果的非唯一性,提高准确度和精确度. 相似文献
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基于GprMax正演模拟的探地雷达根系探测敏感因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用探地雷达对植物根系进行探测的有效性已得到证实.但由于根系结构复杂,根围环境异质性强,针对基于探地雷达得到的根系探测数据的解读尚处于经验积累阶段.本研究首先通过对比根系探地雷达实测信号图像和模拟信号图像,证实了利用GprMax模拟探地雷达探测植物根系的有效性.其次通过定义不同根系空间结构和电性参数场景,模拟了不同条件下根目标反射信号的差异,并对影响探地雷达探测植物根系有效性的敏感因素进行了初步分析.模拟结果有助于探地雷达野外根系探测图谱的解译,为探地雷达在植物根系探测中的应用积累经验. 相似文献
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探讨了探地雷达检测高速公路路面厚度的物理前提,并根据我国公路工程建设的实际情况,建立了高等级公路路面结构地球物理模型.系统地介绍了雷达检测路面厚度的方法原理,并对检测中技术参数的选择,如:采样频率、时窗、检测速度进行了详细的说明.介绍了自制的高速公路路面厚度雷达探测解释系统各个模块,如:数据预处理中的时、空域滤波,偏移等方法,并总结面层与基层的反射波三个重要特征,为辅助计算机自动识别反射波打下基础.应用SIR-3000型探地雷达于益常高速公路路面厚度交工验收检测中,通过55个钻孔抽样对比表明,雷达检测能很好地达到了评价路面厚度的目的,为工程质量评价提供了可靠的科学依据. 相似文献
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地下管线实际形状与准确位置的确定是探地雷达图谱解释的主要内容之一.制约管线探地雷达反射归位精度最主要的因素是电磁波在地层中的传播速度,如何准确确定电磁波传播速度是探地雷达偏移处理能否成功的关键.为便于对探地雷达图谱特征进行定量解释,开展了不同大小、埋深与重叠等情况管线的正演模拟与模型实验.结合小波熵理论与频率波数偏移成像方法,提出了一种基于小波熵的探地雷达频率波数偏移成像方法,将其应用于地下管线正演模拟与模型实验探地雷达信号偏移处理.研究结果表明:探地雷达图像经基于小波熵的频率波数偏移处理后,电磁波速度的估计值与真实值误差可控制在2％以内;随着管线管径大小与埋置深度的增加,绕射双曲线的开口弧度不断增大,管与管之间绕射波交叉干扰越严重;探地雷达信号经基于小波熵的频率波数偏移处理后可大大提高图像的分辨率,压制了多次波的干扰,使绕射双曲线更收敛,能量更聚焦,从而有利于地下管线实际形状与具体位置的准确提取.研究结果对城市地下管线探地雷达图谱解译工作提供技术支持. 相似文献
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由于融土和冻土之间存在明显的电性差异,使探地雷达成为研究多年冻土的有效手段之一.本文结合工程实例,对探地雷达在青藏高原多年冻土工程地质勘察中的应用效果进行了现场试验研究.分析了探地雷达探测多年冻土的物理前提条件,总结了多年冻土主要地质要素的雷达图像特征和探地雷达在多年冻土工程地质勘察中的实际应用效果.研究表明融土与冻土的雷达图像特征存在明显差异:融土雷达反射波为低频强宽振幅的稀疏波,波形较杂乱;冻土反射波为高频低振幅细密波,波形较为规则;探地雷达可较为准确地划分地层、识别多年冻土上限、确定多年冻土分布范围,但尚不能有效确定多年冻土的含冰量;另外,探地雷达对细颗粒土的探测效果要明显好于粗颗粒土.文章还指出了现场探测和图像解译分析中需要注意的事项和下一步需要研究解决的问题,建议在开展现场探测工作之前先在有钻探资料或天然地质剖面处进行对比试验,搞清测区内主要地层的物性参数,掌握有效波和干扰波的分布规律,从而提高雷达探测结果的准确性和可靠性. 相似文献
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李张明 《CT理论与应用研究》2000,9(Z1):70-74
长江三峡工程施工阶段面临众多复杂的工程地质问题和施工技术难题,寻找一种快捷、高分辨无损探测手段查明施工中出现的隐蔽的地质缺陷或质量问题,无疑对施工进度和施工质量起到保证作用,采用地质雷达手段,探明了开挖过程中花岗岩体不均匀风化分布范围：圈定出较大断层及风化夹层的延伸范围和产状：并进行了专用高速公路质量检查等,文章结合三个实例介绍应用情况。经现场验证,探测结果与实际情况吻合,应用效果显著。 相似文献
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This paper describes the results of an investigation into the capabilities of the GPR technique within the field of pavement crack diagnostics. Initially, laboratory tests were performed on prototypes simulating idealized cracks. Next, long-term visual observation and repeated GPR scanning were performed, on three roads of semi-rigid construction, several hundreds of meters long and subjected to heavy traffic. Furthermore, a road of rigid construction was tested, having a more than 70-year history of use. In several cases the cracks were probed by drillings, in order to recognize structures responsible for signal generation, or to explain reasons of signal lacking.The main result of this work is a list of GPR indications of cracks, which can be noticed on echograms. It was created through a correlation of the visually-observed cracks with the corresponding echograms, with decimeter accuracy. Several types of GPR responses were classified and linked to possible categories of crack structures, or to processes associated with the presence of cracks (as crumbling, erosion, and lithological alterations). The poor visibility of cracks was also studied, due to small crack size, or to the blurred character of the damaged area, or else to masking effects related to coarse grains in the asphalt mixture.The efficiency of the proposed method for the identification and localization of cracks is higher when a long-term GPR observation is performed. 相似文献
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We tested the usefulness of acquiring multicomponent GPR data to detect cracks in a historical building, and to monitor their dynamics, caused by a slowly and irregularly moving landslide. We used 2 GHz bipolar antennas in a configuration that allows for acquiring the in-line and cross-line electric field components with x- and y-directed antennas. The 2 × 2 data matrix was collected on a floor in the building along transects at four different times over a period of one year. The data were processed with a standard 2D scalar algorithm and with the latest 3D single component vector algorithm that corrects for antenna effects. We have implemented a 3D single component vector migration algorithm in a 2.5D sense to produce 2D slices of a 3D vector migration image by applying the algorithm on line data. This procedure allows for migrating single component line data taking into account all vector effects as well as three-dimensional wave propagation. We show that the 2.5D vector migration images have a much better in-line resolution than the migration images obtained by applying a standard 2D scalar migration algorithm.The GPR profiles agree with the a priori information about the structure of the floor. In particular, we detected two different types of anomalies, only a few of which can be due to utilities and to metallic mesh. Some shallower anomalies agree well with the cracks visible on the tiling, suggesting that some cracks can be directly detected using GPR. Visually there were no changes in the cracks on the floor and no clear changes in the GPR data could be attributed to possible subsurface changes in the cracks. The variations in the GPR images seemed primarily caused by changes in the coupling of the antennas with the investigated structure (floor) depending on the season when the measurements were made. For this reason the monitoring aspect of the survey is not successful. 相似文献
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Corrosion associated with reinforcing bars is the most significant contributor to bridge deficiencies. The corrosion is usually caused by moisture and chloride ion exposure. The reinforcing bars are attacked by corrosion and yield expansive corrosion products. These oxidation products occupy a larger volume than the original intact steel and internal expansive stresses lead to cracking and debonding. There are some conventional inspection methods for the detection of the reinforcing bar's corrosion but they can be invasive and destructive, often laborious, and lane closure is required and it is difficult or unreliable for any quantification of corrosion. For these reasons, bridge engineers always prefer more to use the ground penetrating radar (GPR) technique. In this work a novel numerical approach for three dimensional tracking and mapping of cracks in the bridge is proposed. The work starts from some interesting results based on the use of the 3D imaging technique in order to improve the potentiality of the GPR to detect voids, cracks or buried objects. The numerical approach has been tested on data acquired on a bridge by using a pulse GPR system specifically designed for bridge deck and pavement inspection. The equipment integrates two arrays of Ultra Wide Band ground coupled antennas, having a main working frequency of 2 GHz. The two arrays are using antennas arranged with a different polarization. The cracks, associated often to moisture increase and higher values of the dielectric constant, produce a not negligible increase of the signal amplitude. Following this, the algorithm, organized in preprocessing, processing and postprocessing stages, analyzes the signal by comparing the value of the amplitude all over the domain of the radar scan. 相似文献
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道路塌陷空洞一直是威胁交通安全运行的重要隐患,对道路塌陷空洞的探测方法进行研究具有重大的现实意义。研究工作通过实例探讨三维探地雷达（GPR）对道路塌陷区进行探测的方法技术及其应用效果。为查明道路塌陷空洞的空间分布特征,在塌陷区布设了共23条测线,1.0 m×0.5 m的三维测网并进行数据采集;通过对雷达数据进行处理,获得不同测线、不同方向的三维雷达剖面。结合地质情况对上述图件进行综合分析与解释,准确地查明塌陷空洞的位置、埋深及发育程度;经开挖验证,解译结果可靠。工程实践表明,三维探地雷达技术可以快速、高效地应用于道路塌陷探测中,其探测结果可为塌陷区后续施工以及安全防治提供参考。 相似文献
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介绍了CPML边界条件的原理,推导了CPML的GPR正演FDTD差分公式,对比分析了Berenger PML、UPML、CPML三种PML对倏逝波的吸收性能.开展了PML边界中关键参数κ和α的选取实验,确定了参数的取值范围与选取原则.然后,以二维TM波为例,研究了倏逝波产生的机理,分析了决定逝波性吸收性能的影响因素.均匀介质的波场快照、检测点的反射误差及全局反射误差对比,说明了3种边界条件对传输波都具有较好的吸收能力,而对低频倏逝波的吸收表现迥异,其中CPML因为引入了参数α,对倏逝波的吸收效果最佳,但离散化造成的全域误差也最大.最后,应用加载UPML和CPML边界条件的FDTD程序,开展了GPR二维剖面法、宽角法矩状地电模型及三维复杂模型的正演,展示了倏逝波反射对雷达正演剖面及波场快照的影响.进一步对比了UPML与CPML对倏逝波的吸收表现优劣,结果显示,CPML可有效减少边界反射误差,并能取得满意的精度,综合考虑对倏逝波的吸收、全域误差、编程难易程度等因素,在GPR正演中推荐使用CPML. 相似文献
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地质雷达能快速、准确地探测地下潜在的地质缺陷体的空间位置、形状大小及电性质等其他一些地质参数,可以为滑坡的加固设计、施工提供可靠的资料,简述了地质雷达的勘探原理和方法,并以实例说明了地质雷达在滑坡治理中的应用方法及效果。 相似文献
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油气勘探开发实践证明,裂缝常常是油气藏存储的空间或运移的通道,因此,裂缝各向异性介质中地震波场的研究越来越倍受关注,国内外很多岩石物理学者、地球物理专家等对裂缝信息的描述提出了很多理论认识与方法技术.本文根据Eshelby-Cheng各向异性裂缝介质模型理论,求取各向异性裂缝介质的弹性参数,并建立Eshelby-Cheng各向异性裂缝介质的波动方程,利用时间错格伪谱法对含流体裂缝介质进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,采用时间错格伪谱法能有效解决各向异性介质的波场传播,利用时间错格有限差分算子替代普通的差分算子来求解时间导数,利用快速傅氏变换求解空间导数,大大提高了正演模拟的计算精度与计算效率.并且与各向同性介质相比,地震波在含流体裂缝各向异性介质中的传播要复杂得多,各向同性介质层中的波是纯的,其横波不会发生分裂,而在各向异性介质层中,横波将发生分裂. 相似文献