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1.
HAN Guijun LI Wei ZHANG Xuefeng LI Dong HE Zhongjie WANG Xidong WU Xinrong YU Ting MA Jirui 《大气科学进展》2011,28(3):682-690
A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service(NMDIS).It produces a dataset package called CORA (China ocean reanalysis).The regional ocean model used is based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a generalized coordinate system(POMgcs).The model is parallelized by NMDIS with the addition of the wave breaking and tidal mixing processes into model parameterizations.Data assimilation is a sequential three-dimensional variational(3D-Var) scheme implemented within a multigrid framework.Observations include satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature(SST),altimetry sea level anomaly(SLA),and temperature/salinity profiles.The reanalysis fields of sea surface height,temperature,salinity,and currents begin with January 1986 and are currently updated every year. Error statistics and error distributions of temperature,salinity and currents are presented as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis fields using sea level data from tidal gauges,temperature profiles,as well as the trajectories of Argo floats.Some case studies offer the opportunity to verify the evolution of certain local circulations.These evaluations show that the reanalysis data produced provide a good representation of the ocean processes and phenomena in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas. 相似文献
2.
在51年(1958-2008)西北太平洋区域海洋再分析CORA1.0产品的基础上,改进了模式配置和同化方法,研制了2009-18年的CORA产品并对其进行以下检验:(1)温盐和海表高度异常均方根误差分布检验;(2)35°N处温度断面分布检验;(3)再分析流场和表漂浮标轨迹对比检验.结果显示,2009-18年的CORA产品可以再现海洋要素长时间序列,时空多尺度的变化特征,为研究特征海洋现象和过程提供背景信息. 相似文献
3.
The first version of a global ocean reanalysis over multiple decades (1979–2008) has been completed by the National Marine Data and Information Service within the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project. The global ocean model employed is based upon the ocean general circulation model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A sequential data assimilation scheme within the framework of 3D variational (3DVar) analysis, called multi-grid 3DVar, is implemented in 3D space for retrieving multiple-scale observational information. Assimilated oceanic observations include sea level anomalies (SLAs) from multi-altimeters, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from remote sensing satellites, and in-situ temperature/salinity profiles. Evaluation showed that compared to the model simulation, the annual mean heat content of the global reanalysis is significantly approaching that of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) data. The quality of the global temperature climatology was found to be comparable with the product of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), and the major ENSO events were reconstructed. The global and Atlantic meridional overturning circulations showed some similarity as SODA, although significant differences were found to exist. The analysis of temperature and salinity in the current version has relatively larger errors at high latitudes and improvements are ongoing in an updated version. CORA was found to provide a simulation of the subsurface current in the equatorial Pacific with a correlation coefficient beyond about 0.6 compared with the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring data. The mean difference of SLAs between altimetry data and CORA was less than 0.1 m in most years. 相似文献
4.
China Ocean ReAnalysis (CORA) version 1.0 products and validation for 2009–18: 2009–18年西北太平洋区域海洋再分析CORA1.0产品研制及检验 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):100023
China Ocean ReAnalysis (CORA) version 1.0 products for the period 2009–18 have been developed and validated. The model configuration and assimilation algorithm have both been updated compared to those of the 51-year (1958–2008) products. The assimilated observations include temperature and salinity field data, satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature, and merged sea surface height (SSH) anomaly data. The validation includes the following three aspects: (1) Temperature, salinity, and SSH anomaly root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) are computed as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis quality. The 0–2000 m domain-averaged RMSEs of temperature and salinity are 0.61°C and 0.08 psu, respectively. The SSH anomaly RMSE is less than 0.2 m in most regions. (2) The 35°N temperature section is used to evaluate the ability to reproduce the thermocline, mixing layer, and Yellow Sea cold water mass. In summer, the thermocline is reinforced, with the gradient changing from 3°C in May to 10°C in August. The mixing-layer depth reproduced by CORA is consistent with that computed from the observed climatology. The Yellow Sea cold water mass forms at a depth of 50 m. (3) The reanalysis current is examined against the tracks of some drifting buoys. The results show that the reanalysis current can capture the mesoscale eddies near the Kuroshio, which are similar to those described by the drifting buoys. Overall, the 2009–18 CORA reanalysis products are capable of reproducing major oceanic phenomena and processes in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas.摘要在51年 (1958–2008) 西北太平洋区域海洋再分析CORA1.0产品的基础上, 改进了模式配置和同化方法, 研制了2009-18年的CORA产品并对其进行以下检验: (1) 温盐和海表高度异常均方根误差分布检验; (2) 35°N处温度断面分布检验; (3) 再分析流场和表漂浮标轨迹对比检验.结果显示, 2009–18年的CORA产品可以再现海洋要素长时间序列,时空多尺度的变化特征, 为研究特征海洋现象和过程提供背景信息. 相似文献
5.
The quality of regional ocean reanalysis data for “the joining area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO)” has been assessed from the perspective of ENSO-related ocean signals. The results derived from the AIPO reanalysis, including SST, sea surface height (SSH), and subsurface ocean temperature and currents, are compared with those of Hadley Center Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) data set and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis data. Both the spatial pattern and the characteristics of evolution of the ENSO-related ocean temperature anomalies are well reproduced by the AIPO reanalysis data. The physical processes proposed to explain the life cycle of ENSO, including the delayed oscillator mechanism, recharge-discharge mechanism, and the zonal advection feedback, are reasonably represented in this dataset. However, the westward Rossby wave signal in 1992 is not obvious in the AIPO data, and the magnitude of the heat content anomalies is different from that of the SODA data. The reason for the discrepancies may lie in the different models and methods for data assimilation and differences in wind stress forcing. The results demonstrate the high reliability of the AIPO reanalysis data in describing ENSO signals, implying its potential application value in ENSO-related studies. 相似文献
6.
Evaluation of mid-depth currents of NCEP reanalysis data in the tropical Pacific using ARGO float position information 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1. Introduction The reanalysis dataset (Ji et al., 1995; Kalnay et al., 1996) offered by the National Centers for Environ- mental Prediction (NCEP) has been applied widely in relevant multidisciplinary research. Along with in- creasingly extensive observa… 相似文献
7.
本文评估了美国国家大气海洋局（NOAA）新发布的20世纪再分析资料（20CR）对欧亚季节环流气候平均态和气候变率及中国东部气温降水的刻画能力。结果表明:20CR再分析资料对欧亚地区四季环流气候平均态刻画能力与NCEP2资料的相比,均呈现北部中高纬度系统性偏高,南部中低纬度系统性偏低的特点,导致描绘的东亚冬季风偏弱,夏季风偏强。这可能与20CR资料在极地海岸地区海冰资料处理时产生的差错有关。与中国东部的站点资料对比则显示20CR对我国东部气温的刻画偏低,而对降水的刻画偏高,站点相关性气温好于降水,东南沿海地区优于内陆地区。平均场和空间相关场结合来看,秋季气温和降水20CR与站点观测资料吻合最好。20CR资料较好地刻画近百年北半球冬夏季的气候指数（北极涛动、北大西洋涛动、北太平洋涛动、东亚冬季风、阿留申低压等）的年际变率及年代际变化特征,很好地刻画了阿留申低压1970年代末的年代际增强,西伯利亚高压1970年代末的下降和1990年后的上升趋势及北太平洋涛动、北大西洋涛动和北极涛动指数1970年代末期由负位相到正位相的年代际转变。 相似文献
8.
Performances of seven datasets in presenting the upper ocean heat content in the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, the upper ocean heat content (OHC) variations in the South China Sea (SCS) during 1993- 2006 were investigated by examining ocean temperatures in seven datasets, including World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) (climatology), Ishii datasets, Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES), Simple Ocean Data Assimilation system (SODA), Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), China Oceanic ReAnalysis system (CORA), and an ocean reanalysis dataset for the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO1.0). Among these datasets, two were independent of any numerical model, four relied on data assimilation, and one was generated without any data assimilation. The annual cycles revealed by the seven datasets were similar, but the interannual variations were different. Vertical structures of temperatures along the 18°N, 12.75°N, and 120°E sections were compared with data collected during open cruises in 1998 and 2005-08. The results indicated that Ishii, OFES, CORA, and AIPO1.0 were more consistent with the observations. Through systematic comparisons, we found that each dataset had its own shortcomings and advantages in presenting the upper OHC in the SCS. 相似文献
9.
Can Artificial Climate Trends in Global Reanalysis be Reduced by Dynamical Downscaling:A Case Study of China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this study,the ability of dynamical downscaling for reduction of artificial climate trends in global reanalysis is tested in China.Dynamical downscaling is performed using a 60-km horizontal resolution Regional Integrated Environmental Model System (RIEMS) forced by the NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis II (NCEP-2).The results show that this regional climate model (RCM) can not only produce dynamically consistent fine scale fields of atmosphere and land surface in the regional domain,but it also has the ability to minimize artificial climate trends existing in the global reanalysis to a certain extent.As compared to the observed 2-meter temperature anomaly averaged across China,our model can simulate the observed inter-annual variation and variability as well as reduce artificial climate trends in the reanalysis by approximately 0.10 C decade 1 from 1980 to 2007.The RIEMS can effectively reduce artificial trends in global reanalysis for areas in western China,especially for regions with high altitude mountains and deserts,as well as introduce some new spurious changes in other local regions.The model simulations overestimated observed winter trends for most areas in eastern China with the exception of the Tibetan Plateau,and it greatly overestimated observed summer trends in the Sichuan Basin located in southwest China.This implies that the dynamical downscaling of RCM for long-term trends has certain seasonal and regional dependencies due to imperfect physical processes and parameterizations. 相似文献
10.
中国区域再分析湿度资料与均一化探空湿度资料的对比分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用1980—2010年中国98个探空站均一化月平均温度和温度露点差资料(OBS)和NCEP/NCAR(NCEP)、ERAInterim(ERA)、JRA-25(JRA)3种再分析月平均比湿资料,使用相似分析、趋势分析等方法对中国区域4种资料高空比湿进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)从空间分布特征分析,JRA比湿与OBS比湿的空间分布相似系数最大。(2)3种再分析资料比湿普遍大于OBS比湿,除个别站点个别层次外,JRA和OBS比湿更加接近;再分析比湿和OBS比湿的相对偏差随高度增加而增大,且冬春季大于夏季。(3)从长期变化趋势分析,在对流层低层,JRA和0BS比湿较接近,在对流层中高层ERA和OBS比湿较接近。 相似文献
11.
Characteristics of Atmospheric Heat Sources over Asia in Summer: Comparison of Results Calculated Using Multiple Reanalysis Datasets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Using 1979-2000 daily NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center
for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data (version 1, hereafter referred to as NCEP1; version 2, hereafter referred to as NCEP2), ECMWF (European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis data(ERA),and the Global Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) reanalysis data in summer 1998, the vertically integrated heat source hQ1i in summer is calculated, and results obtained using
different datasets are compared. The distributions of hQ1i calculated by using NCEP1 are in good agreement with rainfall observations over the Arabian Sea/Indian Peninsula, the Bay of Bengal (BOB), and East China. The distributions of hQ1i revealed by using NCEP2 are unrealistic in the southern Indian Peninsula, the BOB, and the South China Sea. Using ERA, the heat sources over the tropical Asia are in accordance with the summer precipitation,however, the distributions of hQ1i in East China are unreasonable. In the tropical region, the distributions of the summer heat source given by NCEP1 and ERA seem to be more accurate than those revealed by NCEP2. The NCEP1 and NCEP2 data are better for calculating heat sources over the subtropical and eastern regions of mainland China. 相似文献
12.
中国东部夏季降水年际变化与东中国海及邻近海域海温异常的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文首先利用1979～2008年中国756个站点和GPCP2.1的降水资料与Hadley中心的HadISST再分析海温资料以及应用合成和相关分析方法, 分析了中国东部夏季降水年际变化及其与东中国海及邻近海域海温异常的关系。分析结果表明: 当东中国海及邻近海域为暖 (冷) 异常时, 长江中下游、 江淮地区夏季降水减少 (偏多), 而东北南部的降水偏多 (减少)。并且, 本文应用RegCM3区域气候模式对上述关系进行数值试验, 结果表明了东中国海及邻近海域的暖 (冷) 异常, 将使得我国长江、 黄淮流域和华北大部分地区夏季降水的减少 (增加), 而华南地区、 东北南部和朝鲜半岛等地夏季降水的增加 (减少)。此外, 本文还利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和数值模拟对上述关系的大气环流变异过程进行了分析, 分析结果揭示了上述海域的升温或降温对东亚地区上空的纬向和经向环流有较明显的影响。当东中国海及邻近海域升温时, 除了在该海域东部引起低空辐合, 高空辐散, 产生上升运动外, 还在其西部的长江、 黄淮流域和华北地区引起低空辐散, 高空辐合, 产生下沉运动, 这将引起长江、 黄淮流域和华北等地夏季降水的减少; 并在华南、 东北南部和朝鲜半岛地区引起低空辐合, 高空辐散, 从而产生上升运动, 这使得华南地区、 东北南部和朝鲜半岛夏季降水的增加。反之, 当东中国海及邻近海域降温时, 上述区域出现相反的现象。这些都说明东中国海及邻近海域的热力状态可能是影响我国东部夏季降水的重要因子之一。 相似文献
13.
I. D. Rostov E. V. Dmitrieva N. I. Rudykh A. A. Vorontsov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2020,45(3):169-178
Observational data from the Roshydromet
hydrometeorological stations for 1978–2017, global meteorological
network, and objective analysis and reanalysis (NOAA) are used to study
the interannual variability of sea surface temperature and air
temperature in the coastal and marine areas of the Okhotsk, Japan,
Yellow, East China, and South China seas at the modern stage of the
warming. Based on the EOF, cluster, and correlation analysis, the
spatiotemporal pattern of temperature variations is analyzed and the
zoning of sea areas according to the features of modern climate change
is performed. The possible cause-and-effect relationships between these
changes and the variations in wind components and climate indices are
investigated. The studies revealed, specified, and quantified the modern
trends and regional features of interannual variability of thermal
conditions in the distinguished areas. 相似文献
14.
采用1979—2013年中国192站逐日最低温度观测资料和NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE、JRA-55、ERA-Interim再分析资料及1979—2004年均一化资料,分别计算低温阈值并对比分析其气候态、年际和年代际变化、长期趋势等特征。结果表明:与观测结果相比,均一化资料阈值在东北、内蒙古西部和两广等地偏低,在青藏高原东侧、新疆北部和黄河中下游偏高,线性趋势则相反;再分析资料阈值在南方偏低、东北偏高,在东部的可信度高于西部;再分析资料能显示内蒙古中西部的降温趋势和青藏高原的增温趋势,但在数值和范围上有差异,且均低估了观测资料反映的华北地区的显著升温现象;再分析资料能体现观测资料阈值的全区一致性、东北与其他地区反相的空间分布及其年际变化特征,仅JRA-55和ERA-Interim可再现低温阈值的年代际变化特征。 相似文献
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16.
Using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) optimal typhoon tracks data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,an investigation is made on the summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) in relation to synchronous air circulation from the coastal waters of East Asia to western North Pacific (WNP),along with a further exploration on the relationship between the APO and the tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the coastal waters of China.The results show that there exists a strong correlation between the APO intensity an... 相似文献
17.
中国近海热带气旋强度突变的热力特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用2000 2006年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过合成分析和对比分析,利用全型垂直涡度倾向方程,研究中国近海热带气旋强度突变的热力特征.结果表明:(1)突然增强热带气旋在其中心附近对流层高低层均存在视热源Q1的极大值中心,低层Q1在突然增强过程中越来越强;而突然减弱热带气旋在中心附近对流层中层存在Q1的极大值中心,而且在突然减弱过程中Q1越来越弱.视水汽汇Q2的极值中心在热带气旋强度变化过程中位于对流层中层,在突然增强过程中有所增大,而在突然减弱过程中有所减小.(2)Q1的峰值高度在热带气旋突然增强和突然减弱过程中分别位于对流层高层和中层.Q2的峰值高度在热带气旋突然增强过程中不断抬升,而在突然减弱过程中不断降低,这说明积云对流的垂直输送在热带气旋突然增强过程中起到一定作用.(3)热带气旋中心附近对流层中上层非绝热加热随着高度增加、对流层低层垂直非均匀加热的增大有利于热带气旋的突然增强,反之导致热带气旋突然减弱. 相似文献
18.
应用台站观测资料对ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR以及NCEP/DOE再分析地表气压产品在中国不同区域、不同年代和不同季节的适用性进行了评估。分析发现, 几种再分析产品虽然能在一定程度上反映出观测资料所具有的时空分布特征, 但它们之间的差异却具有明显的区域和季节变化特征, 即冬季小而夏季大、东部地区小而西部地区大; 同时还发现ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR再分析产品在20世纪70年代以前均与观测资料有相对较大的差别, 特别是NCEP/NCAR在70年代以前的夏季气压值过于偏低, 从而夸大了很多地区的年代际变化特征。相比而言, ERA-40地表气压的长期变化趋势以及时空演变规律在中国大多数地区要优于NCEP/NCAR再分析产品, 特别是在中国西部地区。分析还表明, NCEP/DOE虽与观测资料存在一定的系统性偏差, 却与另外两种再分析产品有着较为相似的年际变化特征及趋势。 相似文献
19.
The development and application of a regional ocean data assimilation system are among the aims of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment. The ocean data assimilation system in the regions including the Indian and West Pacific oceans is an endeavor motivated by this goal. In this study, we describe the system in detail. Moreover, the reanalysis in the joint area of Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean(hereafter AIPOcean) constructed using multi-year model integration with data assimilation is used to test the performance of this system. The ocean model is an eddy-resolving,hybrid coordinate ocean model. Various types of observations including in-situ temperature and salinity profiles(mechanical bathythermograph, expendable bathythermograph, Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography, Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array, conductivity–temperature–depth, station data), remotely-sensed sea surface temperature, and altimetry sea level anomalies, are assimilated into the reanalysis via the ensemble optimal interpolation method. An ensemble of model states sampled from a long-term integration is allowed to change with season, rather than remaining stationary. The estimated background error covariance matrix may reasonably reflect the seasonality and anisotropy. We evaluate the performance of AIPOcean during the period 1993–2006 by comparisons with independent observations, and some reanalysis products. We show that AIPOcean reduces the errors of subsurface temperature and salinity, and reproduces mesoscale eddies. In contrast to ECCO and SODA products, AIPOcean captures the interannual variability and linear trend of sea level anomalies very well. AIPOcean also shows a good consistency with tide gauges. 相似文献
20.
比较NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料与观测资料计算得到的感热资料的差异 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用1951～2000年我国西北干旱、半干旱区地温、气温和表面风场逐日4个时次（北京时间2、8、14和20时）的台站观测资料,以及NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料,计算并比较了在我国西北地区春夏季感热输送的差异。分析结果表明:NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40的感热输送再分析资料都能显示出我国西北地区是欧亚大陆上的感热中心之一。从年代际时间尺度上,ERA-40再分析资料的感热资料更接近于实际台站观测资料计算得到的感热资料。
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