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1.
Bulk compositions of intimate intergrowths of chalcopyrite and sphalerite and their genetic implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To determine the bulk chemical compositions of chalcopyrite containing starlike sphalerite and sphalerite including dotlike chalcopyrite, specimens from various types of ore deposits in Japan were used for modal and electron microprobe analyses. According to the analytical results, most of the measured zinc contents in chalcopyrite containing starlike sphalerite are less than 0.8 at%, corresponding to the maximum solubility of zinc in chalcopyrite as determined experimentally at 400°C. However, specimens from the Maruyama deposit in the Tsumo mine contain 1.2–1.4 at% Zn, which are within the solubility limit of an intermediate solid solution (ISS) above 400°C. It is therefore concluded that starlike sphalerite in chalcopyrite are exsolution products derived from primary chalcopyrite solid solution and/or zincic ISS. Measured copper contents in sphalerite including dotlike chalcopyrite yield considerably higher values, i.e., 1.5–6.0 at%, which exceed the solubility limits of copper in sphalerite solid solution as determined experimentally. This result suggests that not all the chalcopyrite dots were exsolved from sphalerite, but that most of them are the product of some other mechanisms. 相似文献
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文章以水口山矿田内的3个典型铅锌多金属矿床——康家湾铅锌金银矿床、老鸦巢铅锌金矿床和鸭公塘铅锌铁铜矿床的矿石为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、室内显微鉴定、电子探针分析和LA-ICPMS微量元素分析测试,研究了本区稀散元素的赋存状态、分布规律以及与主成矿元素(Pb、Zn、S、Fe)的关系等,总结出稀散元素在本区的富集规律.研究表明:本区矿石中闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿主要富集Cd、In、Te3种稀散元素.康家湾铅锌金银矿床In/Zn比值为0.86,老鸦巢铅锌金矿床In/Zn比值为5.10,而鸭公塘铅锌铁铜矿床In/Zn比值为611.20,且w(In)为33.83×10-6～365.62×10-6,因此,康家湾铅锌金银矿床和老鸦巢铅锌金矿床矿石中的In是以类质同象赋存于闪锌矿和黄铜矿的晶格中,而鸭公塘铅锌铁铜矿床矿石中的In可能以硫铟铜矿的形式赋存.水口山矿田的Te主要有2种赋存形式:一种以类质同象形式赋存于硫化物(黄铁矿)中;另一种以矿石中形成其独立矿物辉碲铋矿(分子式为Bi2TeS2)和碲银矿(分子式为Ag2Te)存在. 相似文献
5.
Chalcopyrite Intergrowths in sphalerite in the Meixian Lead—Zine Deposit,Fujian Province and their Metallogenic Significance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ore textures and electron microprobe analyses show that in addition to highly scattered blebs in sphalerite grains,intergrown chalcopyrite also occurs as rods,myrmekites and lamellae aligned along cleavages and twin boundaries of the host sphalerite.The majority of the intergrowths could have been formed by replacement of sphalerite by chalcopyrite,albeit part of them may have resulted from exsolution,Not only copper,but also iron were introduced into the sphalerite by replacive fluids.While the front of the replacing fluid was moving forward through a sulphide orebody,Zn and Pb were dissolved and Cu was precipitated,resulting in zonal refining of the sulphide ores,The remobilized zinc and lead were precipitated at favourable sites with changed physico-chemical conditions .This is a possible mechanism for the formation of copper-poor zinc and lead ores above or lateral to the copper orebodies in some of the massive sulphide deposits reworked and overprinted by late-stage granites and their hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
6.
R.H. Yoon 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1981,8(1):31-48
The flotation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite from copper and copper-zinc ores has been achieved without using thiol-type collectors. Typically, a sulfide ore sample is first treated with sodium sulfide either during grinding or during the preflotation conditioning period, and then the chalcopyrite is floated with frother alone. With a copper-zinc ore, sphalerite is subsequently floated from the chalcopyrite tailings by activating it with copper sulphate. Results of the collectorless flotation tests are comparable to those obtained by using thiol collectors. The mechanisms of selective collectorless flotation are discussed on the basis of differences in the solubilities of sulfide minerals. 相似文献
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The Ashele Deposit: A Recently Discovered Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Cu-Zn Deposit in Xinjiang, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: The Ashele Cu-Zn deposit is a recently discovered volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. It is the largest Cu-Zn deposit in this type of deposits in China, which were formed in the early period of later Palaeozoic Era. This deposit is hosted within a suit of bimodal submarine volcanic rocks of the Ashele Formation of Lower-Middle Devonian System formed in an environment of paleocontinental margin rift setting. Lensoid orebodies occur between spilitic rocks developed at footwall and quartz-keratophyric tuff at hanging wall. Zonation of metal elements in the Ashele mine is one of typical volcanic-related exhalative Cu-Zn sulfide deposits in the world. Black ores enriched in Pb, Zn and Ag occurs on the top of the No. 1 orebody in the Ashele deposit, yellow ores enriched in Cu in the middle part, and the chalcopyritization stringer below the massive sulfide ores. Zonation of ore-structure in the No. 1 orebody is also apparent and corresponds to the zoning of elements, i. e. lamellar and/or banded sulfide-sulfate ores on the top, massive sulfide ores in the middle, and stockwork veinlets associated with altered breccia pipe on the bottom. Four epochs of mineralization in the Ashele deposit has been recognized. The first period of syngenetic-exhalative deposition of sulfides is the main epoch of mineralization, and the ores deposited subsequently subjected to thermo-metamorphism at the second epoch, superimposed by hydrothermal mineralization at the third epoch, and weathered or oxidized at the fourth epoch.
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
8.
Shuhua He William Skinner Daniel Fornasiero 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):169-176
The effects of oxidation potential (Eh) and zinc sulphate on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite were investigated at pH 9.0. The flotation recovery of these minerals is Eh dependent with maximum separation obtained at 275 mV SHE. Zinc sulphate addition improved this mineral separation at an Eh value of 275 mV by selectively depressing pyrite flotation. A different result was obtained at lower Eh values where zinc sulphate addition improved chalcopyrite flotation but had no or little effect on pyrite flotation. These opposite effects of zinc sulphate on mineral flotation were reconciled by examining the surface species of these minerals. The selective depression of pyrite flotation by zinc sulphate was also confirmed in the flotation of two copper ores. 相似文献
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The Sarcheshmeh copper deposit is one of the world's largest Oligo-Miocene porphyry copper deposits in a continental arc setting with a well developed supergene sulfide zone, covered mainly by a hematitic gossan. Supergene oxidation and leaching, have developed a chalcocite enrichment blanket averaging 1.99% Cu, more than twice that of hypogene zone (0.89% Cu). The mature gossans overlying the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper ores contain abundant hematite with variable amounts of goethite and jarosite, whereas immature gossans consist of iron-oxides, malachite, azurite and chrysocolla. In mature gossans, Au, Mo and Ag give significant anomalies much higher than the background concentrations. However, Cu has been leached in mature gossans and gives values close or even less than the normal or crustal content (< 36.7 ppm). Immature gossans are enriched in Cu (160.3 ppm), Zn (826.7 ppm), and Pb (88.6 ppm). Jarosite- and goethite-bearing gossans may have developed over the pyritic shell of most Iranian porphyry copper deposits with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios greater than 10 and therefore, do not necessarily indicate a promising sulfide-enriched ore (Kader and Ijo). Hematite-bearing gossans overlying nonreactive alteration halos with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios about 1.5 and quartz stringers have significant supergene sulfide ores (Sarcheshmeh and Miduk). The copper grade in supergene sulfide zone of Sarcheshmeh copper deposit ranges from 0.78% in propylitized rocks to 3.4% in sericitized volcanic rocks, corresponding to the increasing chalcopyrite–pyrite or chalcocite–pyrite ratios from 0.3 to 3, respectively. Immature gossans with dominant malachite and chrysocolla associated with jarosite and goethite give the most weakly developed enrichment zone, as at God-e-Kolvari. The average anomalous values of Au (59.6 ppb), Mo (42.5 ppm) and Ag (2.6 ppm) in mature gossans associated with the Sarcheshmeh copper mine may be a criterion that provides a significant exploration target for regional metallogenic blind porphyry ore districts in central Iranian volcano–plutonic continental arc settings. Drilling for new porphyry ores should be targeted where hematitic gossans are well developed. The ongoing gossan formation may result in natural acidic rock drainage (ARD). 相似文献
10.
骆驼山硫多金属矿床位于华北陆块南缘栾川矿集区,是以硫和锌为主的大型有色金属矿床,并伴生有丰富的In、Cd等资源。本文以铟为重点研究对象,在详细的野外地质调查和室内显微观察的基础上,应用ICP- MS、LA- ICP- MS等分析测试手段,对骆驼山矿床不同类型的围岩、矿石及不同矿物中的In、Zn、Sn、Cd、Cu等元素的含量、分布特征及相关性开展研究,以揭示铟的分布富集规律。结果表明,骆驼山矿床角岩和矽卡岩具有较高的In背景值,In主要以类质同象的形式赋存在铁闪锌矿（平均含量276. 79×10-6）和黄铜矿（平均含量89. 73×10-6）中,主要由磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿组成的致密块状矿石（In平均含量63. 90×10-6）具有重要的综合利用价值。In与其他成矿物质一样可能来自深部岩浆,其含量在垂向上的分布总体表现出近矽卡岩端较远矽卡岩端高的特点,富集程度受温度控制明显。矿石中In的富集与Zn、Cu、Cd呈正相关关系,与Sn关系不明显。In在铁闪锌矿中与Zn、Cu、Cd含量呈正相关关系,在黄铜矿中与Zn、Sn含量呈弱正相关关系,In在黄铜矿中的富集替换机制有待进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Two types of massive sulfide ores have been identified in the Kamennoozero segment of the green-stone belt: (1) hydrothermal volcanic-sedimentary strata-bound ores with massive, banded, and disseminated structures and (2) massive, brecciated, and stringer-disseminated Au-bearing base-metal ores, crosscutting the rocks of the Vozhmozero Group. The strata-bound, slightly metamorphosed orebodies are located at several levels along the contact between the Kamennoozero and Kumbuksa groups in the deep fault zones of the same names. These ores are composed of pyrite and pyrrhotite, small amounts of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and distinguished by low grades of base metals and not higher than 0.06 g/t Au. In the Lebyazhino and Svetloozero areas, close to the sulfide Cu-Ni ore hosted in ultramafic rocks, the strata-bound bodies contain pentlandite and are enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and up to 2.0–9.2 g/t Au. Brecciated and recrystallized pyrite ores contain up to 0.08–0.4% Sb and As, and up to 0.6–1 g/t Au in the Kumbuksa Fault Zone near Zolotye Porogi. The North Vozhma and Upper Vozhma base-metal massive sulfide occurrences, composed of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, bornite, and chalcocite, are considered to be promising Au-bearing prospects. Some samples from the North Vozhma occurrence contain up to 1.2–2.8 g/t Au and up to 167 g/t Ag. A gold grade of up to 20 g/t has been detected in the Upper Vozhma occurrence. The potential gold resources of the North Vozhma occurrence are estimated at about 600 kg. 相似文献
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The Sekarna Zn–Pb deposit is located in Central Tunisia at the northeastern edge of the Cenozoic Rohia graben. Mineralization comprises two major ore types: (1) disseminated Zn–Pb sulfides that occur as lenses in sedimentary phosphorite layers and (2) cavity-filling zinc oxides (calamine-type ores) that crosscut Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene limestone. We studied Zn sulfide mineralization in the Saint Pierre ore body, which is hosted in a 5-m-thick sedimentary phosphorite unit of Early Eocene age. The sulfide mineralization occurs as replacements of carbonate cement in phosphorite. The ores comprise stratiform lenses rich in sphalerite with minor galena, Fe sulfides, and earlier diagenetic barite. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of sphalerite and galena show a wide range of minor element contents with significant enrichment of cadmium in both sphalerite (6,000–20,000 ppm) and galena (12–189 ppm). The minor element enrichments likely reflect the influence of the immediate organic-rich host rocks. Fluid inclusions in sphalerite give homogenization temperatures of 80–130°C. The final ice melting temperatures range from −22°C to −11°C, which correspond to salinities of 15–24 wt.% NaCl eq. and suggest a basinal brine origin for the fluids. Sulfur isotope analyses show uniformly negative values for sphalerite (−11.2‰ to −9.3‰) and galena (−16‰ to −12.3‰). The δ34S of barite, which averages 25.1‰, is 4‰ higher than the value for Eocene seawater sulfate. The sulfur isotopic compositions are inferred to reflect sulfur derivation through bacterial reduction of contemporaneous seawater sulfate, possibly in restricted basins where organic matter was abundant. The Pb isotopes suggest an upper crustal lead source. 相似文献
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N. P. Safina N. R. Ayupova E. V. Belogub V. V. Maslennikov I. A. Blinov I. G. Zhukov D. A. Artem’ev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,480(2):746-749
Gallium-containing chlorite, mica, and magnetite (up to 14, 13, and 5–7 wt % of Ga) along with Ga hydroxides (oxyhydroxides?) were found for the first time in massive sulfide deposit in the Urals. The minerals identified within the cement of chalcopyrite–sphalerite breccias of the Shemur copper–zinc–massive sulfide deposit (Northern Urals) are associated with Ga-enriched sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and, less commonly, pyrite (33–364, 67–363, and 4–230 g/t, respectively). 相似文献
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中国云南省有大量的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿资源,该类矿产资源的高效选矿分离是影响企业经济效益的主要问题之一。针对云南迪庆地区的硫化混合精矿,该混合精矿铜、铅、锌三种有价金属共存,分离难度较大,导致其产品难以销售或冶炼。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射法和矿物解离度分析(MLA)等多种检测方法,对该混合精矿的主要元素含量、矿物组成、物相组成、主要目的矿物的嵌布特性和单体解离度等进行分析研究。研究结果表明,该混合精矿的粒度较细,各矿物之间存在一定的相互连生或包裹现象,目的矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的单体解离度中等偏低,为69.28%～70.56%。初步预测该混合精矿中铜、铅和锌的理论选矿分离效率依次为71.63%、62.97%和72.72%。根据实验分析结果,本文提出进一步提高该混合精矿的磨矿细度促使金属矿物充分解离,是提升铜、铅、锌各矿物选矿分离效率的关键途径。 相似文献
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V. F. Proskurnin G. A. Palyanova N. S. Karmanov A. A. Bagaeva A. V. Gavrish B. S. Petrushkov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,441(2):1661-1665
Uytenbogaardtite has been observed when examining the ores of the Konechnoe gold ore occurrence, West Taimyr, which is the
first find for the entire Taimyr-Severnaya Zemlya region. It is associated with native gold (fineness 520–560‰), pyrite, and
sphalerite. Sphalerite is characterized by Fe, Cd, Ag, and Cu impurities. Zinc is present in siderite. In the ores of the
Konechnoe ore occurrence, there is also native gold of the early generation with sphalerite, the latter containing chalcopyrite
lamellae and being in association with arsenopyrite, pyrite, and galena. The peculiar compositions of microinclusions and
impurities in sphalerite and other minerals and the presence of accessory minerals, such as monazite and apatite, reflect
the specific metallogenic and geochemical characteristics of the Minina-Bol’shevik structural-metallogenic zone and serve
as indicators of the potential of the North Taimyr area in terms of gold, silver, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, strontium,
thorium, and lanthanides. 相似文献
17.
The Pingshui Cu–Zn deposit is located in the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault zone, which marks the Neoproterozoic suture zone between the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block in South China. It contains 0.45 million tons of proven ore reserves with grades of 1.03 wt.% Cu and 1.83 wt.% Zn. This deposit is composed of stratiform, massive sulfide ore bodies, which contain more than 60 vol.% sulfide minerals. These ore bodies are hosted in altered mafic and felsic rocks (spilites and keratophyres) of the bimodal volcanic suite that makes up the Neoproterozoic Pingshui Formation. Metallic minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tennantite, tetrahedrite and magnetite, with minor galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, calcite, gypsum, barite and jasper. Three distinct mineralogical zones are recognized in these massive sulfide ore bodies: a distal zone composed of sphalerite + pyrite + barite (zone I); an intermediate zone characterized by a pyrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite assemblages (zone II); and a proximal zone containing chalcopyrite + pyrite + magnetite (zone III). A thin, layer of exhalative jaspilite overlies the sulfide ore bodies except in the proximal zone. The volcanic rocks of the Pingshui Formation are all highly altered spilites and keratophyres, but their trace element geochemistry suggests that they were generated by partial melting of the depleted mantle in an island arc setting. Homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions in quartz from massive sulfide ores are between 217 and 328 °C, and their salinities range from 3.2 to 5.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Raman spectroscopy of the fluid inclusions showed that water is the dominant component, with no other volatile components. Fluid inclusion data suggest that the ore-forming fluids were derived from circulating seawater. The δ34S values of pyrite from the massive sulfide ores range from − 3.6‰ to + 3.4‰, indicating that the sulfur was primarily leached from the arc volcanic rocks of the Pingshui Formation. Both pyrite from the massive sulfide ores and plagioclase from the spilites have similar lead isotope compositions, implying that the lead was also derived from the Pingshui Formation. The low lead contents of the massive sulfide ores and the geochemistry of their host rocks are similar to many VMS Cu–Zn deposits in Canada (e.g., Noranda) and thus can be classified as belonging to the bimodal-mafic subtype. The presence of magnetite and the absence of jaspilite and barite at the − 505 m level in the Pingshui deposit suggest that this level is most likely the central zone of the original lateral massive sulfide ore bodies. If this interpretation is correct, the deep part of the Pingshui Cu–Zn deposit may have significant exploration potential. 相似文献
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G. Urbano A.M. Meléndez V.E. Reyes M.A. Veloz I. González 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2007
The galvanic effect between the main associated mineralogical phases in a mineral sphalerite concentrate was evaluated using an alternative methodology. Comparative voltammetric studies were performed between high purity galena mineral (94.65%) and sphalerite concentrate (content of 78.11% sphalerite, ZnS; 13.64% galena, PbS; 0.57% chalcopyrite, CuFeS2; 0.41% cadmium sulfide, CdS; and 0.11% arsenopyrite, FeAsS) using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) in order to identify galvanic interactions that affect their reactivity. The electrolyte was an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NaNO3 (pH 6.5). The results showed that, in sphalerite concentrate, the electrochemical reactivity of the galena was diminished and displaced to more positive potentials with respect to the high purity galena mineral response. This behavior can be attributed to the galvanic protection offered by the sphalerite on the galena, thereby avoiding its free oxidation. On the other hand, sphalerite oxidation was diminished by the formation of a passive products film that is dissolved to more positive potentials which provokes oxidation of other minerals like CuFeS2, (Zn,Cd)S and FeAsS present in a minor proportion in the sphalerite concentrate. 相似文献
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The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit is located in the Kurchum block of high-grade metamorphosed rocks. This block is part of the Irtysh shear zone, which belongs to the largest transregional fault in Central Asia. The deposit is associated with the gneiss–amphibolite middle unit of the metamorphic complex, which is distinct in the geochemical fields. The mineralization is spatially and paragenetically related to the amphibolite beds, which are ore-bearing together with terrigenous rocks.The deposit contains two spatially isolated lodes, in which all the discovered commercial reserves concentrate. They conformably overlie the host rocks and are tabular or ribbonlike. The mineralization has a close spatial relationship with Mg-rich anthophyllite-containing rocks. The sulfide ores are disseminated or massive and comprise pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The ore is of Zn–Cu composition, in which Cu dominates considerably over Zn (average contents 2 and 0.4%, respectively; Cu/(Cu + Zn) = 0.83). The ores are rich in Co (up to 0.16%, averaging 0.02%), poor in Au and Ag (0.3 and 7.2 ppm, respectively), and almost free of Pb and Ba.All the rocks and ores experienced epidote–amphibolitic metamorphism. Meanwhile, the ores experienced a recrystallization and partial regeneration, but the initial shape of the lodes remained unchanged.The essentially chalcopyritic ores, the volcaniclastic ore-bearing rocks, and the spatial and genetic relationship of the mineralization with undifferentiated mafic and siliciclastic rocks suggest that this deposit belongs to the Besshi type, formed in a back-arc environment, near large rises.The studies show that Besshi-type Cu–Zn massive sulfide deposits differ from most of the polymetallic (Kuroko-type) deposits in Rudny Altai in the composition of volcanics and geodynamic settings, but belong to the same evolutionary series in this VMS province. Both types of deposits might have formed in the Paleozoic, during the main peak of VMS generation in the Earth's history. 相似文献
20.
Surface water samples from the Drake mining area show elevated metal concentrations, notably cadmium, iron and zinc. A detailed
study of a sphalerite /quartz vein from Strauss Pit and chalcopyrite and pyrite from the Adeline mine and Strauss Pit indicate
that micro-scale analyses of ores are necessary for environmental management of mine sites. Analyses show that Cd is elevated,
up to 2.1 % by weight, and is associated with sphalerite, replacing Zn, or to a lesser extent replacing Pb within small galena
grains. High concentrations of Cu are also associated with the Strauss Pit ore as small chalcopyrite grains along the margins
of the sphalerite vein, within the central quartz zone of the vein system, and as replacement rims on sphalerite grains. Chalcopyrite
from the Adeline mine area, is by comparison, metal poor, but still contains elevated heavy metal concentrations. Whereas,
pyrite and chalcopyrite, from Strauss Pit have variable heavy metal concentrations, with chalcopyrite from within sphalerite
veins having higher Cd and Zn concentrations than chalcopyrite distal to the veins. Cadmium and other heavy metals within
the ores are mobilised during sulphide weathering and enter the drainage network; precipitation of secondary oxidation minerals
act as temporary stores for many heavy metals. The complexity of the mineral and heavy metal associations at Strauss Pit suggest
that a detailed knowledge of these associations and distributions within ore bodies, and associated waste rocks, are needed
by environmental managers of mine sites because the presence of havy metals may greatly affect the decision making process,
and management strategies employed.
Received; 14 July 1999 · Accepted: 17 August 1999 相似文献