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1.
Johanna Forster Peter W. Schuhmann Iain R. Lake Andrew R. Watkinson Jennifer A. Gill 《Climatic change》2012,114(3-4):745-768
Climate change could have major implications for the global tourism industry if changing environmental conditions alter the attractiveness of holiday destinations. Countries with economies dependent on tourism and with tourism industries reliant on vulnerable natural resources are likely to be particularly at risk. We investigate the implications that climate-induced variations in Atlantic hurricane activity may have for the tourism-dependent Caribbean island of Anguilla. Three hundred tourists completed standardised questionnaires and participated in a choice experiment to determine the influence hurricane risk has on their risk perceptions and decisions regarding holiday preferences. The hurricane season had been considered by 40?% of respondents when making their holiday choice, and the beaches, climate and tranquility of the island were more important than coral reef-based recreational activities in determining holiday destination choice. Choice models demonstrated that respondents were significantly less likely to choose holiday options where hurricane risk is perceived to increase, and significantly more likely to choose options that offered financial compensation for increased risk. However, these choices and decisions varied among demographic groups, with older visitors, Americans, and people who prioritize beach-based activities tending to be most concerned about hurricanes. These groups comprise a significant component of the island’s current clientele, suggesting that perceived increases in hurricane risk may have important implications for the tourism economy of Anguilla and similar destinations. Improved protection of key environmental features (e.g. beaches) may be necessary to enhance resilience to potential future climate impacts. 相似文献
2.
This paper investigates how the role of climate in tourist destination choice has changed over the last 15 years. To this end, a demand model for international tourism is estimated, including the main classic determinants but allowing a time-varying climatic sensitivity of tourists. Moreover, a complete database considering international tourism movement between 178 countries for the period 1995 to 2010 is used. Results show how turning point temperatures in origin and destination countries have changed over the period of analysis, evidencing a loss of competitiveness for traditional warm destinations. Additionally, using data for the projected growth of Gross Domestic Product per capita and climatic conditions within A2, B1 and B2 scenarios, an updated vision of their expected impact on international tourism flows is assessed, evaluating how climate change would imply a greater loss of attractiveness for traditional warm destinations around the world but would increase attractiveness for high latitude countries. 相似文献
3.
The Impact of Climate on Holiday Destination Choice 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The holiday destination choice is analysed for tourists from 45 countries, representing all continents and all climates. Tourists are deterred by distance, political instability and poverty, and attracted to coasts. Tourists prefer countries with a sunny yet mild climate, shun climates that are too hot or too cold. A country's tourists' aversion for poverty and distance can be predicted by that country's average per capita income. The preferred holiday climate is the same for all tourists, independent of the home climate. However, tourists from hotter climates have more pronounced preferences. 相似文献
4.
Weather conditions that influence natural resource-based tourist destinations are likely to be affected by climate change, but our understanding of how businesses and destinations manage for present and future conditions is limited. In this study we report on the relationships between weather and tourism activities in the Queenstown-Lake Wanaka region, South Island, New Zealand. Key stakeholder interviews and a workshop form the empirical basis of this paper. Coping range application ideas derived from ecological management literature are used to develop a framework to understand and inform thinking and strategies around how tourism businesses and destinations are currently responding to the weather and perhaps could in future respond to climate change. Results show that within a destination individual businesses have widely varying relationships with the weather, with each type of activity operating within its own coping range to particular environmental gradients, for example temperature. Coping, which can be observed outside the ‘ideal’ range of a particular environmental gradient, requires business adjustments so as to cope with increasingly marginal conditions, up to a Critical Stop Point – the ultimate threshold. The data suggest that increased need for adjustments impacts on business viability, and more planned adaptation measures would be necessary to increase viability under increasingly detrimental climatic conditions. Discussion at a destination level workshop indicates that at and beyond thresholds, keystone industry and destination level strategic adaptation planning is required to ensure the viability of the destination as a whole. 相似文献
5.
孟丽霞 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(5):89-94
基于兰州市1981—2010年的气象观测资料,采用温湿指数、风效指数和着衣指数3个指标,对兰州市旅游气候舒适度进行分析评价。结果表明,兰州市全年旅游气候舒适期可达7个月,旅游最舒适月份从5月持续到9月,不适宜期主要集中在冬季的1月、12月。结合2010—2014年兰州市旅游客流量年内变化数据,划分了兰州市旅游淡旺季和客流量月指数;综合分析客流量月指数与三个指数关系得出:客流量年内变化与气候舒适度呈明显的相关性,客流量月指数与温湿指数、风效指数呈正相关,与着衣指数呈负相关,且3个指数与客流量月指数相关性较好,都在0.7以上。 相似文献
6.
为了更好地发展旅游事业,本文以四川省2006~2016年21个站点的气象数据为基础数据,运用奥利弗温湿指数和IDW空间插值法对四川省旅游气候舒适度进行评价。结果表明:(1)从总体上看,四川省旅游气候舒适度差异显著,呈现出西部较高、东部较低的特征;(2)从季节上看,四川省春、秋季舒适度较高,最适合人们旅游;夏、冬季舒适度较差,最不适合旅游;(3)从旅游地上看,除了甘孜州、阿坝州和凉山州的最舒适时期为7月,最不舒适时期为1月。四川省典型旅游地最舒适时期大都为4月和10月,最不舒适时期主要为1月和7月。因此,除甘孜州,阿坝州和凉山州外,4月和10月四川省适合旅游;相反,1月和7月四川省不适合旅游。 相似文献
7.
8.
In Search of Warmer Climates? The Impact of Climate Change on Flows of British Tourists 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
David Maddison 《Climatic change》2001,49(1-2):193-208
This paper investigates the impact of climate change on the chosendestinations of Britishtourists. Destinations are characterised in terms of attractors includingclimate variables, traveland accommodation costs. These variables are used to explain the currentobserved pattern ofoverseas travel in terms of a model based upon the idea of utilitymaximisation. The approachpermits the trade-offs between climate and holiday expenditure to be analysedand effectivelyidentifies the optimal climate for generating tourism. The findings are usedto predict the impactof various climate change scenarios on popular tourist destinations. 相似文献
9.
Which destinations will be most impacted by environmental migration? Most research on environmental migration examines the drivers of mobility, identifying the locations that are most affected by environmental change. By contrast, little attention is paid to where migrants might move to in response to these changes. The paper argues that much can be learned from applying established knowledge from the migration research literature to the specifics of environmental mobility. Migration destinations of environmental movers are examined in two different contexts. First, research is reported relating to the migration destinations of populations affected by drought and food insecurity. Second, Europe is studied as a destination region for migration flows. The paper concludes that, in place of estimates of the number of environmental migrants, a more productive focus of research would be to achieve deeper understanding of the destinations selected by current environmental migrants, and to appreciate why immobility is as great a problem as movement to new locations for those concerned with climate adaptation planning. 相似文献
10.
海南岛气候舒适度与年内客流量变化的相关性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用海南岛1981-2010年的气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时数等气象资料对海南岛旅游气候舒适度进行评价,划分出年内各月旅游气候适宜性等级;结合2006-2010年的旅游客流量统计数据,计算了客流量月指数,在此基础上,用虚拟因子表示非气候气候因素的影响,采用OLS方法分别建立了客流量月指数与气候舒适度的回归方程,相关分析结果表明：（1）国内旅游客流量全年受到气候舒适度的影响,国内客流量月指数与气候舒适度之间的线性关系显著,弹性系数为1.5％;海外旅游客流量除受到气候舒适度的影响外,节假日赛事活动等非气候因素对其也产生一定的影响,海外客流量月指数气候弹性系数为1.1％. 相似文献
11.
Tourism is largely dependent on climatic and natural resources. For example, “warmer'' climates generally constitute preferred environments for recreation and leisure, and natural resources such as fresh water, biodiversity, beaches or landscapes are essential preconditions for tourism. Global environmental change threatens these foundations of tourism through climate change, modifications of global biogeochemical cycles, land alteration, the loss of non-renewable resources, unsustainable use of renewable resources and loss of biodiversity (Gössling and Hall, 2005). This has raised concerns that tourist flows will change to the advantage or disadvantage of destinations, which is of major concern to local and national economies, as tourism is one of the largest economic sectors of the world, and of great importance for many destinations. In consequence, an increasing number of publications have sought to analyse travel flows in relation to climatic and socio-economic parameters (e.g. Lise and Tol, 2001; Maddison, 2001; Christ et al., 2003; Hamilton et al., 2003; Hamilton and Tol, 2004). The ultimate goal has been to develop scenarios for future travel flows, possibly including “most at risk destinations'', both in economic and in environmental terms. Such scenarios are meant to help the tourist industry in planning future operations, and they are of importance in developing plans for adaptation. 相似文献
12.
基于西安市2010—2013年逐日最大电力负荷和同期的气象资料,分析了日最大电力负荷的变化规律,利用最小二乘法,除去日最大负荷的节假日效应和周末效应后,将气象负荷从日最大电力负荷中分离出来,建立西安气象负荷率与气温、相对湿度、总云量、降水量、风速的相关关系,并基于2010—2012年的11月—次年2月和6—8月的资料,分别采用逐步回归、多元线性回归和BP神经网络方法建立最大气象负荷和主要气象影响因子之间的预报模型,将2013年对应时间的日最大气象负荷率作为预报效果的独立样本检验。结果显示:2010—2013年西安的日最大电荷存在明显的增长趋势,且存在明显的周末效应和节假日效应;气温是影响气象负荷率的最显著因子,引入温湿指数(THI)的BP神经网络算法对气象负荷率的拟合和预测效果最优。 相似文献
13.
利用2012—2016年安徽省淮北市逐日用电负荷和气象要素数据,采用相关分析、回归分析、曲线拟合等统计方法,分析用电负荷的季节变化、周末/节假日效应变化规律,提炼主要气象影响因子并分析温度对负荷的1℃效应和负荷对最高温度的敏感性,构建趋势负荷和趋势方程,介绍将周末/节假日效应应用于气象负荷提取和不同预测模型的建立,采用趋势法建立逐日负荷预测的多元回归方程和曲线拟合方程,并针对趋势法的弱点提出2日增量法,建立相应的预测模型,其中2日增量法预测模型的历史拟合率和2017年试报应用均达到96%—97%,比趋势法高2%—3%,比目前的考核要求高4%—5%,提高了负荷预测精度。 相似文献
14.
人类活动所引起的全球变暖已经成为当前世界各国需共同面对的问题。经济结构性特征是受到广泛认可的区域发展阶段替代指标,因而本文分别选用制造业和服务业产业内部结构为基本视角,对其细化信息进行挖掘,并在经济合作与发展组织（OECD）各主要成员国背景下对碳排放随经济发展阶段推进而演化的过程进行计量分析。结果显示：第一,产业内部结构具备更加丰富的区域经济发展阶段信息,能够在普遍意义上提供判别区域经济发展所处时期的良好标准,为处于不同发展阶段的国家进行差异化碳配额权分配提供参考;第二,制造业和服务业内部产业结构升级的阶段性对照结果说明,碳排放峰值时点滞后于工业化的顶峰位置;第三,人为碳排放在经济发展过程中呈现倒U型的固有演化规律,在工业化顶峰前的碳排放逐步增长是为了维持基本经济发展路径的不可抗趋势。因此,发展中国家在工业化顶峰前不承诺排放达峰具有较高合理性,但仍应通过推进产业结构高级化、发展生产性服务业等举措抑制碳排放增速、尽早实现达峰。 相似文献
15.
通过分析1997-2003年5～10月广西电网电力负荷月、周和节假日的变化特征，及与气温的相关关系，发现：电力负荷基本呈逐年增加的趋势，工作日和非工作日有着不同的变化特征，电力负荷与气温有明显的相关关系。采用逐步回归方法，建立了广西电网逐日电力负荷预测模型，对2002-2003年模型的拟合结果及2004-2005年模型的预测结果分析表明：模型对广西逐日电力负荷具有较好的拟合和预测效果，对逐日电力负荷的季节变化具有较好的拟合效果，尤其是夏季预测与实况趋势基本吻合。 相似文献
16.
湖南猛洞河漂流气候舒适度评价及预报方程的建立 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章选取湖南省永顺县气象站1971-2000年各月的平均气温、相对湿度和风速资料,作为评价气候环境对漂流旅游舒适度的影响因子,对湖南省内著名的漂流景点、全国仅有的两条四星级漂流线路之一的猛洞河进行气候舒适度的模糊综合评判,并根据该评判模式建立了猛洞河漂流气象条件舒适度的预报方程。结果表明：(1)每年3-11月均可进行漂流旅游,其中气候条件较为舒适的时间为每年的5-9月,最为适宜的时间是6-8月,其中7-8月为漂流的旺季。(2)猛洞河气候舒适度判定结果与漂流景区的客流量相关程度达到0.859,表明气象因子是影响猛洞河漂流客流量的最主要因素。(3)在模糊综合评判的基础上,文章建立了猛洞河漂流每日气象条件舒适度预报方程,在实际应用中能为漂流游客提供指导。 相似文献
17.
Reducing GHG emissions and mitigating climate change would require significant investments in renewable energy technologies. Foreign direct investments (FDI) in renewable energy (RE) have increased over the last years, contributing to the diffusion of RE globally. In the field of climate policy, there are multiple policy instruments aimed at attracting investments in renewable energy. This article aims to map the FDI flows globally including source and destination countries. Furthermore, the article investigates which policy instruments attract more FDI in RE sectors such as solar, wind and biomass, based on an econometric analysis of 137 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. The results show that Feed in Tariffs (FIT) followed by Fiscal Measures (FM), such as tax incentives and Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), are the most significant policy instrument that attract FDI in the RE sector globally. Regarding carbon pricing instruments, based on our analysis, carbon tax proved to be correlated with high attraction of FDI in OECD countries, whereas Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS) proved to be correlated with high attraction of FDI mainly in non-OECD countries.
Key policy insights
Feed in Tariffs is the most significant policy instrument that attracts FDI in the Renewable Energy sector globally.
Fiscal Measures (FM), such as tax incentives, show a significant and positive impact on renewable energy projects by foreign investors, and particularly on solar energy.
Carbon pricing instruments, such as carbon taxation and emissions trading, proved to attract FDI in OECD and non-OECD countries respectively.
Public investments, such as government funds for renewable energy projects, proved not as attractive to foreign private investors, perhaps because public funds are not perceived as stable in the long run.
18.
Climate change might lead to large shifts in tourist flows, with large economic implications. This article simulates the effect
of future climate change by the 2080s on outdoor international tourism expenditure within Europe. The assessment is based
on the statistical relationship between bed nights and a climate-related index of human comfort, after accounting for other
determinants of bed nights such as income and prices. It is concluded that climate change could have significant impacts on
the regional distribution of the physical resources supporting tourism in Europe. For example, in summer, Southern Europe
could experience climate conditions that are less favourable to tourism than the current climate, while countries in the North
could enjoy better conditions. The economic effects of these changes are likely to be sizeable, albeit difficult to assess.
Crucially, they are shown to depend on tourists’ temporal flexibility with respect to holiday planning. The greater the prominence
of institutional rigidities such as school holidays, the larger the differences between winning and losing regions in terms
of economic impact. 相似文献
19.
电力负荷与气象条件密切相关,为建立上海市日最大电力负荷的预报模型,利用2010—2013年上海市日最大电力负荷数据及同期气象资料,分析日最大电力负荷的时间变化特征及其与气象因子的相关性,并基于滤波技术将日最大电力负荷分离为时间趋势项和逐日变化项,用逐步回归方法针对冬季和夏季分别建立预测模型。结果表明：①上海日最大电力负荷的各个节假日效应存在差异,春节节假日效应持续时间最长,影响最大,国庆节假期前半段节假日效应明显大于后半段。夏季的周末效应最强。②采用逐步回归方法建立的气象预报模型效果较好,回代年和预测年的平均预测相对误差均小于5%。 相似文献
20.
通过分析1997-2003年5-10月广西电网电力负荷月、周和节假日的变化特征,及与气温的相关关系,发现:电力负荷基本呈逐年增加的趋势,工作日和非工作日有着不同的变化特征,电力负荷与气温有明显的相关关系。采用逐步回归方法,建立了广西电网逐日电力负荷预测模型,对2002-2003年模型的拟合结果及2004-2005年模型的预测结果分析表明:模型对广西逐日电力负荷具有较好的拟合和预测效果,对逐日电力负荷的季节变化具有较好的拟合效果,尤其是夏季预测与实况趋势基本吻合。 相似文献