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Diagonal damping matrices were computed for three systems which have non-proportional damping matrices. These diagonal damping matrices were computed on three bases, as follows: 1. After normalizing the equations of motion by the modal matrix, the diagonal terms are retained ignoring the non-diagonal terms. 2. Diagonal damping matrix is established by the optimization algorithm which minimizes the mean square error of the frequency response. 3. Diagonal damping is determined from the normalized differential equation by matching the peaks of the coupled and uncoupled system. The frequency responses for the three cases of one of the three systems are presented together with a comparison of the energy dissipation. 相似文献
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J. E. Hart 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1):181-209
AbstractExperimental and theoretical results are presented for a simple system which exhibits baroclinic instability. We consider the motion of two immiscible fluids with densities ρ 1 and ρ 2 contained in a cylinder rotating with angular frequency ω. The motion is driven by a contact lid rotating with frequency ω + ω. In this paper ω, ω, 2(ρ 2 – ρ 1)/(ρ 2 + ρ 1), and the geometry are such that the interface does not intersect the “ground” (e.g. an almost horizontal boundary). The motions are described by two-layer quasi-geostrophic equations which are identical, except perhaps for the presence of interfacial friction and tension, with those used in meteorology and oceanography. For small enough internal Froude number F = 4ω2 L 2/(g(Δρ/ρ)H) or small enough Rossby number ? = ω/2ω the flow is steady and axisymmetric, the velocity field in each layer being determined primarily by frictional effects in top, bottom, and interfacial Ekman layers. For certain (F, ?) the flow becomes non-axisymmetric. The transition points for the case where the basic potential vorticity gradient is due to interface slope alone have been carefully measured and are in very good agreement with a linear instability theory which neglects sidewall effects. Some preliminary observations of supercritical motion, which include repeatable amplitude and wavenumber vacillation, are reported. 相似文献
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地震人员伤亡快速评估 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据2000~2004年发生在中国大陆地区典型成灾性地震,统计实际人员伤亡数据与地震灾害损失快速评估数据的关系。结果表明,评估结果与实际数据之间误差很大。针对这一情况,笔者从建筑物易损性矩阵的地区差异性以及人口数据动态变化的角度,对当前地震人员伤亡快速评估模型进行修正。结果表明,修正后的评估结果更加接近于实际死亡人数。 相似文献
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In this study, the formation of a contrail from an aircraft flying near the tropopause is simulated using a three-dimensional mesoscale atmospheric model including a very complex scheme of parameterized cloud microphysical processes. Two different primary ice nucleation parameterizations for deposition nucleation, condensation freezing, and contact freezing are applied. The model-predicted ice concentrations are compared to data measured during the International Cirrus Experiment (ICE), 1989. 相似文献
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This paper considers volcanogenic exhalation mineralization using data from 35 years of observation of fumarole activity during an earlier phase of the posteruptive activity of the Second Cone, which is one of the New Tolbachik volcanoes that were formed during the eruption at the North Vent of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Kamchatka, 1975–1976). We describe the main types of mineral associations, identify the key mineral species and the secondary and accessory minerals, as well as the sequence of mineral generation. We provide a summary of minerals and compounds that have been identified in ejecta of fumaroles on the Second Cone. 相似文献
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Abstract Techniques are proposed for developing a monthly and weekly drought outlook and the drought outlook components are evaluated. A drought index, the surface water supply index (SWSI) was modified and used for the drought outlook. A water balance model (abcd) was successfully calibrated using a regional regression, including monthly and weekly factors, and was used to convert meteorology to hydrology. For the monthly drought outlook, an ensemble technique was applied, both with and without monthly industrial meteorology information (MIMI). For the weekly drought outlook, a deterministic forecasting technique was applied employing the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS). The methodologies were applied to the Geum River basin in Korea. While only the weekly outlook using the GDAPS has sufficient forecasting capability to suggest it might be useful, the accuracy of the monthly drought outlook is expected to improve as the climate forecast accuracy increases. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Hughes Citation Kim, Y.-O., Lee, J.-K., and Palmer, R.N., 2012. A drought outlook study in Korea. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1141–1153. 相似文献
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In this paper, the influences of mechanical properties of low velocity layers and thickness of high velocity layers in the
lower lithosphere on the horizontal propagaties of seismic waves are discussed by means of altrasonic seismic model experiments;
It is shown that the structure of the lower lithosphere consisting of soft low velocity layers and thin high velocity layers
is favourable for the horizontal propagation of seismic energy, therefore, it is a very possible structure pattern of the
lower lithosphere responsible for Pn and later high velocity arrivals observed in long range distances; Such pattern is also
consistent with studies of rheological stratification of the lower lithosphere beneath mid-ocean-ridges and continental rifts.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 97–102, 1993.
The project is supported by the Chinese joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
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The distribution of the cosmic ray flux over the Earth is not uniform, but the result of complex phenomena within the Sun–Earth environment. A Forbush decrease (Fd) is a rapid decrease in the intensity of cosmic rays. A given Fd can appear in different forms at different locations of the Earth. An investigation of simultaneous observations of Fd events by a selection of cosmic ray stations remains a subject of interest among researchers and numerous methods of analysis can be found in literature. Although these studies have contributed significantly to our knowledge, the variability in the manifestations of Fds demonstrates that there are still open questions in this field. The present work suggests that multivariate analysis is a simple method that can be used to discriminate between globally simultaneous and non-simultaneous Fds. 相似文献
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当利用无线电电磁波进行远程通信、卫星导航时,传递信号要受到电离层的影响,因此,对电离层中电子含量的研究显得特别重要.虽然国际上有几种电离层的电子含量预报模型,但其预报只能精确到电子含量的50%～60%.本文提出了一种新的电离层电子含量预报方法:即用球谐函数对IGS(国际GPS服务)所给出的离地面450 km高的球面上的每一网点的电离层电子含量进行拟合,对不同的时间所得到的拟合系数所形成的时间序列用时间序列分析理论中的ARMA(p,q)模型进行预报,从而实现全球的电离层电子含量预报.利用本方法对2004年和2005年IGS所给电离层电子含量资料在地理框架中做了分析预报,5天内电子含量预报相对精度在90%左右. 相似文献
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A study of dayside auroral conjugacy has been done using the cleft/boundary layer auroral particle boundaries observed by the DMSP-F7 satellite in the southern hemisphere and the global UV auroral images taken by the Viking spacecraft in the northern hemisphere. The 22 events have been studied on the basis of an internal IGRF 1985 magnetic field; it is shown that there is a displacement of up to 4° in latitude from the conjugate points with the northern aurora appearing to be located poleward of the conjugate point. No local time dependence of the north-south auroral location difference was seen. The use of a more realistic magnetic field model for tracing field lines which incorporates the dipole tilt angle and Kp index, the Tsyganenko 1987 long model plus the IGRF 1985 internal magnetic field model, appears to organize the data better. Although with this external plus internal model some tracings did not close in the opposite hemisphere, 70% of those that did indicated satisfactory conjugacy. The study shows that the degree of auroral conjugacy is dependent upon the accuracy of the magnetic field model used to trace to the conjugate point, especially in the dayside region where the field lines can either go to the dayside magnetopause near the subsolar point or sweep all the way back to the flanks of the magnetotail. Also the discrepancy in the latitude of northern and southern aurora can be partially explained by the displacement of the neutral sheet (source region of the aurora) by the dipole tilt effect. 相似文献
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DEM-T70是自行研制的具有自主知识产权的大功率多功能智能发射系统,用于为地面电磁法勘探提供大功率的人工场信号.发射系统中采用了GPS同步、DDS(直接数字频率合成)、CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)、数字式PWM(脉冲宽度调制)稳流和发电机励磁稳流等新技术,开发了多频同步供电、高密度频点供电、全自动扫频供电和大功率快速逆变等关键技术,研制出大功率(70 kW)多功能(CSAMT-可控源音频大地电磁、SIP-谱激电、TDIP-时域激电)电磁法发射系统,其最高供电频率为8000 Hz,最高电压1200 V,最大电流100 A.场地试验表明,发射系统功能设计合理、技术指标先进、性能稳定可靠,该系统填补了我国在该领域的空白. 相似文献
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Elin Langsholt 《水文研究》1992,6(1):11-27
The water balance of a 600 m2 field site on a lateritic hillslope in Kerala, southwest India, has been studied during two southwest monsoon seasons. Surface runoff was of minor importance while infiltration and evapotranspiration were the major components amounting to approximately 2/3 and 1/3 of the rainfall, respectively. Groundwater response was rapid, involving fluctuations of several metres. Recharge mechanisms hypothesized are water movement via preferred pathways from the ground surface to the capillary fringe where rapid rise in groundwater level is brought about by a transmitted pressure pulse. Groundwater recharge was found normally to take place during the southwest monsoon season only. the field study demonstrates that seasonal shallow groundwater recharge representing the major portion of the rainfall May, be observed in this lateritic terrain in the humid tropics. It indicates a good potential for further groundwater development. Moreover, conditions are conducive to a considerable contribution to possible recharge to deeper aquifers. the observed groundwater recharge is the result of a complex process on which further research will throw more light. 相似文献
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A microprobe study of metalliferous sediment components 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Smectite aggregates, Fe-Mn micronodules, and fish debris from the coarse fraction of a metalliferous sediment sample from the Bauer Basin have been analyzed by microprobe. Both X-ray diffraction and bulk chemical analyses reveal that the smectite, an iron-rich and aluminum-poor nontronite, is the dominant phase. A linear programming solution to a series of mass balance equations indicates that the bulk sample is 70% smectite, 4% todorokite, 13% microlaminated material, and 1% fish debris. Two episodes of micronodule development are indicated by the presence of overgrowths of microlaminated iron-rich material over a homogeneous dense todorokite core. The two micronodule compositions can be explained by reaction of hydrothermally produced amorphous Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides with biogenous opal to form the calculated phase composition. The rare earth elements in the bulk sample can be explained by a similar diagenetic process which distributes rare earth elements of a seawater origin between cerium-enriched micronodules and cerium-depleted fish debris. 相似文献
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F.E.M. Lilley B.P. Singh B.R. Arora B.J. Srivastava S.N. Prasad M.N. Sloane 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,25(3):232-240
A magnetometer array study has been carried out in northwest India, from Rajasthan across the Indo-Gangetic Plain into the Himalayan foothills. Over the three months of operation, a wide variety of natural geomagnetic events has been recorded. The analysis of a simple substorm, polarized just west of north, shows a strong anomaly in the form of a reversal of the vertical component of the fluctuation, both in the Himalayan foothills and on the Ganga Plain.The magnetic fluctuations pattern observed is most directly interpreted in terms of a path of concentrated current flow in the Earth, striking across the Himalaya. It is evidently aligned with the Aravalli belt which outcrops further south, and may indicate that some geological structure in the sub-basement is of abnormally high electrical conductivity. The path of such a current concentration across the foothills raises the question whether some transverse structure in the Himalaya is not acting as a bridge to Peninsular India for current induced in the Tibetan plateau to the northeast. 相似文献
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Results from a detailed magnetic survey and paleomagnetic measurements on oriented rock samples from the summit of Cobb Seamount indicate that the Seamount is complexly magnetized, recording at least one field reversal. The remanent magnetization probably resides in single-domain titanomagnetite (10 mole % ulvo¨spinel in solid solution with magnetite) which is unlike that found in dredged basalts. The simplest explanation for this difference is that the Seamount's pinnacle formed subaerially. 相似文献