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1.
Combined petrographic study and apatite fission track analysis (apatite FTA) across the Grès d’Annot basin document maximum temperatures reached by this turbiditic sandstone formation, from around 60 °C at the SW basin margin up to around 200 °C below the Penninic frontal thrust, in relation to burial below the front of Alpine nappes. Increasing diagenetic grade across the basin is primarily expressed by the development of silica transfer by pressure solution and correlated porosity loss. We infer the nappe thickness profile, from the nappe front in the SW up to around 8–10 km in the NE. Apatite FTA dates exhumation of the Grès d’Annot during the Late Miocene, in relation to thrusting of the underlying Argentera and Barrot Palaeozoic massifs. This study illustrates the influence of thrust front propagation on foreland basin diagenesis and exhumation, and highlights potential implications for the evolution of sediment reservoir properties in this context. 相似文献
2.
Turbidites in the Upper Carboniferous Ross Formation, western Ireland: reconstruction of a channel and spillover system 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT The Upper Carboniferous deep‐water rocks of the Shannon Group were deposited in the extensional Shannon Basin of County Clare in western Ireland and are superbly exposed in sea cliffs along the Shannon estuary. Carboniferous limestone floors the basin, and the basin‐fill succession begins with the deep‐water Clare Shales. These shales are overlain by various turbidite facies of the Ross Formation (460 m thick). The type of turbidite system, scale of turbidite sandstone bodies and the overall character of the stratigraphic succession make the Ross Formation well suited as an analogue for sand‐rich turbidite plays in passive margin basins around the world. The lower 170 m of the Ross Formation contains tabular turbidites with no channels, with an overall tendency to become sandier upwards, although there are no small‐scale thickening‐ or thinning‐upward successions. The upper 290 m of the Ross Formation consists of turbidites, commonly arranged in thickening‐upward packages, and amalgamated turbidites that form channel fills that are individually up to 10 m thick. A few of the upper Ross channels have an initial lateral accretion phase with interbedded sandstone and mudstone deposits and a subsequent vertical aggradation phase with thick‐bedded amalgamated turbidites. This paper proposes that, as the channels filled, more and more turbidites spilled further and further overbank. Superb outcrops show that thickening‐upward packages developed when channels initially spilled muds and thin‐bedded turbidites up to 1 km overbank, followed by thick‐bedded amalgamated turbidites that spilled close to the channel margins. The palaeocurrent directions associated with the amalgamated channel fills suggest a low channel sinuosity. Stacks of channels and spillover packages 25–40 m thick may show significant palaeocurrent variability at the same stratigraphic interval but at different locations. This suggests that individual channels and spillover packages were stacked into channel‐spillover belts, and that the belts also followed a sinuous pattern. Reservoir elements of the Ross system include tabular turbidites, channel‐fill deposits, thickening‐upward packages that formed as spillover lobes and, on a larger scale, sinuous channel belts 2·5–5 km wide. The edges of the belts can be roughly defined where well‐packaged spillover deposits pass laterally into muddier, poorly packaged tabular turbidites. The low‐sinuosity channel belts are interpreted to pass downstream into unchannellized tabular turbidites, equivalent to lower Ross Formation facies. 相似文献
3.
Thibault Cavailhes Pierre Labaume Jean‐Pierre Sizun Roger Soliva Claude Gout Jean‐Luc Potdevin Martine Buatier Aurélien Gay Alain Chauvet Delphine Charpentier Anna Travé 《地学学报》2014,26(4):298-306
This study describes normal fault zones formed in foreland arkosic turbidites (the Grès d'Annot Formation, SW French Alps) under deep diagenesis conditions (~200 °C) and highlights the occurrence of two markedly different fault‐rock types: (1) the foliated fault rocks of the Moutière‐Restefond area; and (2) the dilatant fault rocks of the Estrop area. The deformation of (1) is dominated by intra‐ and transgranular fracturing, pressure solution of quartz and feldspar grains and syn‐kinematic phyllosilicate precipitation resulting from feldspar alteration. The combination of these mechanisms results in a strongly anisotropic strain with intense shortening normal to the foliation (pressure solution) and extension parallel to the foliation (quartz‐ and calcite‐sealed extension veins). This deformation implies local mass transfer that may be achieved without (or with limited) volume change. The deformation of (2) is expressed as dilatant quartz‐sealed veins and breccia textures in which the main mechanisms are transgranular fracturing and quartz precipitation. Type (2) implies fault volume increase, isotropy of deformation and mass transfer at distances larger than in type (1). This study discusses the origins of (1) and (2) and shows that the permeability of (1) is anisotropic, with higher values than the host rocks parallel to the Y main deformation axis (i.e. perpendicular to the slip vector), whereas the permeability of (2) is isotropic and equivalent to that of the host rocks. 相似文献
4.
Fabrizio Felletti 《Sedimentology》2002,49(4):645-667
ABSTRACT This paper details the influence of syndepositional tectonics in controlling the architecture of a well‐exposed confined turbiditic sandbody, which crops out in the eastern part of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Castagnola Basin, northern Italy). The Castagnola Basin was tectonically active during sedimentation of the sandbody, and the lateral distribution of turbidity‐current deposits has been used to constrain both how the basin subsided and the impact of basin topography on flow behaviour and deposition. The sandbody occurs in the lower member of an Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene turbidite system (the Castagnola Formation). The sandbody is ≈30 m thick and can be followed laterally for ≈1·8 km; it shows onlap terminations onto both northern and southern basin margins. The outcrop is sufficiently large to allow a detailed analysis of the facies and geometrical heterogeneity, as viewed approximately parallel to the average palaeocurrent trend (SW–NE). Correlation between 41 sedimentological logs reveals the diachronous development of a succession of sandstone packages (subunits). Nine vertically stacked and laterally juxtaposed packages have been recognized (subunits B to I from oldest to youngest), which reflect changes in basin floor accommodation as a result of synsedimentary tectonism. Each package shows the development of different vertical stacking patterns with thinning‐ and ‐fining‐upward small‐scale sequences and variable lateral facies arrangements, as a consequence of the position relative to the basin margins. The geometry, stratigraphic relationships, facies distribution and palaeocurrent directions indicate that turbidite deposition during accumulation of most of the sandbody was controlled by (1) synsedimentary tilting of the basin slopes; (2) the distribution of structural and depositional relief within the basin; (3) the thickness and volume of the turbidite flows; and (4) the angle of impingement of turbidity currents against the basin slopes. 相似文献
5.
内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统的“特殊”浊积岩系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统拉什仲组是由鲍马层序清晰的多层浊积岩组成的浊积岩系,然而其沉积序列总厚度以及浊积岩内部特征等诸多方面,又与那些形成于不稳定或次稳定型外陆架边缘直至深海盆内的巨厚浊积岩系有着明显的差异,因此将拉什仲组以“特殊”浊积岩系称之。文中在对这两种浊积岩系进行多方面的对比研究后,进而从沉积相、相组合、浊流的古流向以及遗迹化石群落的生态特征等方面,阐述了形成拉什仲组浊流盆地的特征,并认为:充填这套“特殊”浊积岩系的海盆是位于稳定地块之间、盆地地形简单、坡度不大、海水深度在浪基面以下200m左右、含氧量较充足的深水浊流盆地。 相似文献
6.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(1-2):37-44
We document the sedimentary facies of a large Mass Transport Deposit (MTD) within the sand-rich sediment gravity flow-dominated deposits of the Eocene–Oligocene south-western Alpine forelands (Annot Sandstone system). The MTD with an approximated volume of several hundreds of cubic kilometres fills a sub-basin located in the Mont-Tournairet confined sub-basin. Autochthonous facies are very typical sediment gravity-flow deposits (thin-bedded classical turbidites and thick-bedded hyperconcentrated to concentrated flow deposits) that stratigraphically belong to the Annot Sandstone infill. Slumps and internal metre-large fold axes of the deformed stratigraphic intervals indicate a main transport direction towards the northwest. The seafloor instability that led to the mass-flow events within the Mont-Tournairet sub-basin could have been favoured by high sedimentation rates in a small, confined and tectonically active sub-basin, possibly enhanced by local structural deformation associated with the Triassic evaporites on the eastern side of the Mont-Tournairet confined basin. The presence of the MTD suggests that a period of increased flexural subsidence rate and basin deformation occurred in this portion of the subalpine foreland basin. Therefore, the MTD forms a stratigraphic marker of a period of tectonic activity. 相似文献
7.
通过对库鲁克塔格群常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素的分布,元素组合及元素对的研究,发现该群有3个金异常层位,并初步建立了该群的化学地层研究模式。这一模式亦适于其它时代的地层研究。 相似文献
8.
Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Upper Permian Maomaolong Formation in Gannan area of the West Qinling: Based on ichnonetwork analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 The continuous Permian-Triassic strata in West Qinling represent deep-marine deposits. In this paper,abundant trace fossils(seventeen ichnospecies,twelve ichnogenera)have been identified in the Upper Permian Maomaolong Formation in the Gannan area of the western Qinling orogen. As a new ichnologic method,ichnonetwork analysis focuses on the reconstruction of the community system composed of interconnected ichnotaxa,which provides useful means for studying the behavior and ecology of ichnocoenosis. In this study,an ichnonetwork analysis is conducted with trace fossils data obtained from the first hand filed trip. The results show that ichnocoenosisis structured in the Maomaolong Formaiton,and three ichnoassociations were controlled by palaeoenvironments: Palaeophycus-Lockeia-Arenicolites-Dictyodora-Planolites-Protovirgularia-Chondrites (C1,proximal turbidite zone),Palaeophycus-Lockeia-Arenicolites-Dictyodora-Protovirgularia-Phycodes-Chondrites-Helminthopsis (C2,turbidite transition zone-distal turbidite zone),and Palaeophycus-Nereites-Scolicia-Protovirgularia-Helminthopsis (C3,distal turbidite zone). The evolution from C1 to C3 in the Upper Permian Maomaolong Formation from the Gannan area of the West Qinling reveals the palaeoenvironmental changes from proximal turbidite zone to distal turbidite zone. 相似文献
9.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1918-1946
In southern Patagonia, outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation preserve a >150 km long deep‐water axial channel belt in the Magallanes–Austral Basin, providing a unique opportunity to investigate longitudinal variations in the depositional characteristics of a deep‐water channel system. This study documents sedimentological, stratigraphical and geochronological data from the Cerro Toro Formation in the Argentine sector of the basin. New results are integrated with previous work from the Chilean basin sector to conduct a basin‐scale comparison of the timing of deposition, provenance and lithofacies proportions. The Cerro Toro channel belt includes a nearly 1000 m thick section characterized by high‐density turbidites and mass‐wasting deposits. Two ash beds from the base of the section yield U–Pb zircon ages of 90·4 ± 2 Ma and 88·0 ± 3 Ma, indicating similar initiation ages as documented in the Chilean sector. The U–Pb detrital zircon age spectra from samples in the study area reveal similar provenance trends to samples from the Chilean basin sector, with peak age populations at 310 to 260 Ma, 160 to 135 Ma and 110 to 82 Ma. The maximum depositional age of the channel belt in the Argentine sector is 87·8 ± 1·5 Ma and all new geochronology data corroborate an 86 to 80 Ma depositional age for the main Cerro Toro channel belt. Statistical analyses of 7370 beds from nearly 8000 m of new and previously published stratigraphic sections along the entire outcrop belt suggest progressive variations in the down‐system proportion of lithofacies. In the up‐slope region, lithofacies representing mass wasting processes (for example, debris‐flow and mass‐transport deposits) account for ca 29% of the stratigraphic thickness, as opposed to 5% in the down‐slope region of the channel belt, where turbidity current deposits are more prevalent. The proportion of beds >1 m thick also decreases systematically down slope, particularly for conglomeratic turbidite deposits. This work highlights that: (i) the proportion of thick beds and distribution of lithofacies are key down‐system changes in the stratigraphic fill of this deep‐water channel belt; (ii) detrital zircon trends suggest a relatively well‐mixed longitudinal depositional system; and (iii) geochronology of the main Cerro Toro outcrop belt supports but does not necessitate the model of a single, roughly age‐equivalent, channel system. This study has implications for understanding the downslope variability in depositional processes, stratigraphic architecture and reservoir quality of submarine channel systems. 相似文献
10.
桌子山中奥陶世公乌素组遗迹化石组合与古地理环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
据遗迹化石新资料 ,将内蒙古桌子山地区中奥陶世公乌素组遗迹化石自下而上划分为 8个组合 :Taenidium组合、Zoophycos组合、Volkichnium组合、H elminthopsis-Paleodictyon组合、Granularia组合、 Circulichnus组合、 Chondrites组合及 H elminthopsis组合。其中 ,H elminthopsis-Paleodictyon与 H elminthopsis两组合属于 N ereites遗迹相 ,并分别出现于陆隆 -深海盆地浊积扇与陆隆浊积扇环境 ;其余 6个组合与 Seilacher( 1 967)的 Zoophycos遗迹相相当 ,代表有机质丰富、平静而贫氧的大陆斜坡环境。遗迹组合序列和遗迹相的递变表明 ,本区在公乌素组沉积期经历了两次由陆棚边缘盆地—大陆斜坡—陆隆 -深海盆地浊积扇 (或陆隆浊积扇 )的环境演变。指出了本组遗迹化石与波兰喀尔巴阡山复理石相遗迹化石在分布上的相似性。认为 Zoophycos相各遗迹组合所赋存的泥灰岩等是很好的生油岩。 相似文献
11.
西秦岭地区是二叠系—三叠系之交深水相保存较为连续的地区,西秦岭甘南地区上二叠统毛毛隆组发育丰富的遗迹化石(12属17种)。遗迹网络分析作为新兴的研究方法,侧重于用相互连接的遗迹分类群来重建遗迹群落系统,这为研究遗迹群落的行为学和生态学提供了丰富的手段。笔者以西秦岭甘南地区上二叠统毛毛隆组发现的遗迹化石为数据源,运用遗迹网络分析方法,揭示出毛毛隆组遗迹群落具结构化特征,遗迹群落体现出环境驱动的遗迹组合面貌特征: Palaeophycus-Lockeia-Arenicolites-Dictyodora-Planolites-Protovirgularia-Chondrites组合(C1,近源浊流区),Palaeophycus-Lockeia-Arenicolites-Dictyodora-Protovirgularia-Phycodes-Chondrites-Helminthopsis组合(C2,浊流过渡区—浊流远源区),和Palaeophycus-Nereites-Scolicia-Protovirgularia-Helminthopsis组合(C3,远源浊流区)。该遗迹群落由C1演变至C3的过程,揭示了古环境从近源浊流区至远源浊流区的演变历程。 相似文献
12.
四川松潘马拉墩晚三叠世侏倭组的遗迹化石及沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川松潘马拉墩晚三叠世侏倭组首次发现大量遗迹化石。本文根据不同遗迹属在不同层位中的相对丰度建立了两个遗迹组合，即Ｍｅｇａｇｒａｐｔｏｎ－Ａｒｔｈｒｏｐｈｙｃｕｓ组合及Ｎｅｏｎｅｒｅｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｈｙｃｏｓｉｐｈｏｎ组合，大致相当于Ｓｅｉｌａｃｈｅｒ（１９６７）［１］的Ｎｅｒｅｉｔｅｓ遗迹相．同时利用遗迹化石及沉积特点进行了沉积环境分析，认为侏倭组的沉积环境为大陆斜坡下部至盆地边缘。 相似文献
13.
Thierry Mulder Yannick Callec Philippe Joseph Cécile Robin Tristan Salles Jonathan Allard Emmanuelle Ducassou Brice Ferger Vincent Hanquiez Elodie Marchès Sébastien Zaragosi 《Sedimentary Geology》2010,229(3):160-191
The Lauzanier area represents the northernmost extension of the Annot Sandstone series and contains deposits between 650 and 900 m-thick. This basin was active from upper Bartonian or lower Priabonian to early Rupelian. It is composed of two superposed units separated by a major unconformity. The sediment supply is due to channelled flows coming from the south. Flow processes include mass flow to turbidity currents. The size of the particles and the absence of fine-grained sediment suggest a transport over a short distance. The Lower Unit is made of coarse-grained tabular beds interpreted as non-channelled lobe deposits. The Upper Unit is made of massive conglomerates interpreted as the channelled part of lobes. These lobe deposits settle in a tectonically confined basin according to topographic compensation that occurs from bed scale to unit scale. The abrupt progradation between the lower and the upper unit seems related to a major tectonic uplift in the area. This uplift is also suggested by a change in the petrographic nature of the source and an abrupt coarsening of the transported clasts.This field example allows providing high resolution analysis for depositional sedimentary sequences of terminal lobe deposits in a coarse-grained turbidite system. The outcrop analysis shows the lateral evolution of deposits and the system progradation allows a longitudinal analysis of facies evolution by superposing on the same outcrops the channelled lobe system and the non-channelled lobe system. These results of high-resolution outcrop analysis can be extrapolated to results obtained on sedimentary lobes in recent deep-sea turbidite system that are either restricted to cores, or with a lesser resolution (seismic). 相似文献
14.
本文以中三叠统浊积岩系岩性相的识别为基础,通过垂向层序的划分和分析,结合区分出浊流主体流向与溢堤流流向数据的古流分析、古坡向分析、中三叠统板纳组地层等厚图,概括了本区中三叠统浊流沉积的总体配置,厘定了右江浊积盆地在安尼期、拉丁期时的沉积格局。最后,讨论了右江浊积盆地的水深变化趋势、浊积岩系形成的背景条件,以及浊积盆地的存在与金矿成矿作用之间的关系。 相似文献
15.
Beds comprising debrite sandwiched within co-genetic turbidite: origin and widespread occurrence in distal depositional environments 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds occur in a variety of modern and ancient turbidite systems. Their basic character is distinctive. An ungraded muddy sandstone interval is encased within mud‐poor graded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. The muddy sandstone interval preserves evidence of en masse deposition and is thus termed a debrite. The mud‐poor sandstone, siltstone and mudstone show features indicating progressive layer‐by‐layer deposition and are thus called a turbidite. Palaeocurrent indicators, ubiquitous stratigraphic association and the position of hemipelagic intervals demonstrate that debrite and enclosing turbidite originate in the same event. Detailed field observations are presented for co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds in three widespread sequences of variable age: the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation in the Italian Apennines; the Silurian Aberystwyth Grits in Wales; and Quaternary deposits of the Agadir Basin, offshore Morocco. Deposition of these sequences occurred in similar unchannellized basin‐plain settings. Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds were deposited from longitudinally segregated flow events, comprising both debris flow and forerunning turbidity current. It is most likely that the debris flow was generated by relatively shallow (few tens of centimetres) erosion of mud‐rich sea‐floor sediment. Changes in the settling behaviour of sand grains from a muddy fluid as flows decelerated may also have contributed to debrite deposition. The association with distal settings results from the ubiquitous presence of muddy deposits in such locations, which may be eroded and disaggregated to form a cohesive debris flow. Debrite intervals may be extensive (> 26 × 10 km in the Marnoso Arenacea Formation) and are not restricted to basin margins. Such long debris flow run‐out on low‐gradient sea floor (< 0·1°) may simply be due to low yield strength (? 50 Pa) of the debris–water mixture. This study emphasizes that multiple flow types, and transformations between flow types, can occur within the distal parts of submarine flow events. 相似文献
16.
到目前为止本省内早寒武世尚未发现有梅树村期和筇竹寺期沉积,仅有沧浪铺期和龙王庙期沉积存在。在济源—博爱—武陟一线以南地区有沧浪铺阶辛集组、朱砂洞组和龙王庙阶馒头组。该线以北只有龙王庙阶辛集组和馒头组。辛集组是个受特定环境控制的穿时地层单元。早寒武世沧浪铺早—中期(辛集组)沉积环境是潮下浅水陆棚和滨岸潮下带、滨岸潮坪潮间带。沧浪铺中—晚期(朱砂洞组)沉积环境是滨岸碳酸盐潮坪缓坡—潮间—潮上蒸发坪和潮间蒸发岩洼地以及潮下碳酸盐浅水缓坡。龙王庙期(馒头组)沉积环境是滨岸碳酸盐岩潮坪缓坡和潮下碳酸盐岩浅水缓坡。早寒武世痕迹化石主要产于三个层位,可分为H-T组合和L-B组合。前者为潮下浅水陆棚风暴环境痕迹组合,后者为潮间—潮上低能泥坪环境痕迹组合。早寒武世痕迹化石共11属(1新属)、16种(1新种、1相似种、10未定种)。 相似文献
17.
"路易贝贝"恐龙胚胎化石产于中国河南省南阳市西峡县阳城乡,位于西峡盆地上白垩统高沟组下(底)部,是Macroelongatoolithus xixaensis(西峡巨型长形蛋)的胚胎骨骼化石。西峡盆地上白垩统自下而上划分为高沟组、马家村组、寺沟组。高沟组产有丰富的恐龙蛋化石和少量恐龙骨骼化石,以及少量的双壳类、腹足类、介形类、轮藻、植物孢粉、植物化石碎片和丰富的遗迹化石。依据上述化石的地质时代并结合高沟组与上覆马家村组整合接触关系和寺沟组化石组合情况,以及高沟组与下伏泥盆系南湾组角度不整合接触关系和周边相邻盆地的地层对比,将西峡盆地高沟组地质时代置于晚白垩世中晚期的康尼亚克期(Coniacian)。高沟组下、中部为半干旱温热气候条件下的红色陆相类磨拉石建造的陆源碎屑岩,属间歇性的、以牵引流为主的浑水河流冲积扇沉积物;高沟组上部为冲积扇和辫状河沉积。"路易贝贝"所在层位的古地理环境是冲积扇扇端朝向南的、缓坡状宽阔平坦的冲积扇扇面,可归入冲积扇相-扇端亚相-漫流微相。 相似文献
18.
19.
Discussion of ‘Oceanographic and eustatic control of carbonate platform evolution and sequence stratigraphy on the Cretaceous (Valanginian–Campanian) passive margin,northern Gulf of Mexico’ by Phelps et al. (2014), Sedimentology, 61, 461–496 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Peter R. Rose 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):854-857
Errors in Phelps et al. ( 2014 ) arise from: (i) inclusion of the East Texas Basin and basin‐flank formations in a regional stratigraphic transect purported to represent the San Marcos Arch (axis of the Comanche Platform, central and south Texas); and (ii) revision of Edwards Group strata (Person Formation) that ignores well‐documented studies in the subsurface and adjacent outcrops in the Balcones fault zone and Edwards Plateau. Consequently, the Upper Albian Composite Sequence 104–101 of Phelps et al. ( 2014 ) should be revised from one cycle to three and the upper boundary of the Albian Supersequence should be elevated to 99·6 Ma. 相似文献
20.
The Murray Basin in southeastern Australia is a large, shallow, intracratonic basin filled with laterally extensive, undeformed, Cenozoic carbonate and terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks that constitute regional and locally important groundwater aquifers. The marine Oligo‐Miocene strata distributed throughout the southwestern portion of the basin are here encompassed within the Murray Supergroup. The Murray Supergroup (formerly Murray Group) incorporates the marginal marine marl and clay of the Ettrick Formation, Winnambool Formation and Geera Clay in the western and northern portions of the Murray Basin in South Australia, in addition to the limestone that outcrops along the banks of the River Murray in nearly continuous section for 175 km. The stratigraphic nomenclature of these rocks is revised as follows. The boundary between the lower and upper members of the Mannum Formation is redefined and a new Swan Reach Dolomite Member is erected. The Finniss Clay is revised to Finniss Formation possessing three new members: the Cowirra Clay Member, Portee Carbonate Member and Woolpunda Marl Member. The ‘Morgan Limestone’ is raised to Morgan Group and contains three new formations: the Glenforslan Formation, Cadell Formation (with Murbko Marl Member and Overland Corner Clay Member) and Bryant Creek Formation. The Pata Formation is redefined and described. Type and reference sections are erected for each new and revised unit, and are lithostratigraphically correlated to illustrate their stratigraphic architecture. 相似文献