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1.
本实验研究了在刺参养殖水体中添加不同浓度的过碳酸钠对底质环境的改善效果,实验设置了0(空白对照)、0.50、0.75、1.5、3.0和6.0mg/L的六个过碳酸钠浓度梯度,分别标记为A、B、C、D、E和F。实验测定了刺参特定生长率和五项底泥理化指标,结果显示:1.5mg/L组刺参特定生长率最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);1.5mg/L组氧化还原电位最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);营养盐方面,NO_3~--N在1.5mg/L组的含量达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N浓度均在为1.5mg/L组时达到最小值,显著低于对照组(P0.05),6.0mg/L组的NH_4~+-N含量最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究表明:过碳酸钠可以有效改善刺参养殖池塘底质环境,促进刺参的生长,其中施用1.5mg/L的过碳酸钠效果最佳。 相似文献
2.
以初始体重(1.08±0.04)g的云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)幼鱼为实验对象,进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,研究不同饵料(虾肉、鱼肉、杂色蛤肉和水蚯蚓)对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的摄食生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响。每个处理设4个重复,每个缸内随机放养20尾幼鱼。结果表明:水蚯蚓组的增重率、特定生长率、饵料效率和蛋白质效率均显著高于其他饵料组(P0.05),鱼肉组显著低于其他饵料组(P0.05)。水蚯蚓组的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他饵料组,而鱼肉组最低,虾肉组和杂色蛤肉组差异不显著(P0.05),水蚯蚓组的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他饵料组(P0.05),但灰分含量显著低于其他饵料组(P0.05);胃蛋白酶活力为水蚯蚓组虾肉组和杂色蛤肉组鱼肉组(P0.05),各组的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力差异不大(P0.05)。研究表明,水蚯蚓是云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的最佳饵料,而实际生产中最常使用的鱼肉效果最差。 相似文献
3.
LED光色对欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼抗氧化能力和消化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者利用循环水养殖实验系统,研究了红、绿、白、黄、蓝5种光色对欧洲舌齿鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)幼鱼抗氧化能力和消化能力的影响。结果表明,红光组的欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),而绿、白、黄和蓝光色组的SOD活力没有显著性差异;红光组的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),绿、白光组与黄、蓝光组的GSH含量之间有显著性差异(P0.05);红光组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),白光组的CAT活力显著低于其他光色组(P0.05)。黄光组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于红、绿、白光组(P0.05),绿光组的胃蛋白酶活力显著低于其他光色组(P0.05);红、绿、蓝光组的淀粉酶活力要显著高于白、黄光组(P0.05),红、绿、蓝光组的淀粉酶活力没有显著性差异,黄、白光组的淀粉酶活力没有显著性差异;白光组纤维素酶活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),绿光组的纤维素酶活力显著高于红、蓝光组(P0.05),黄光组的纤维素酶活力和绿、红、蓝光组没有显著性差异。因此,欧洲舌齿鲈在红光下养殖,其体内的抗氧化能力强,能有效应对氧化应激,而在黄光或红光下养殖其消化能力更强。 相似文献
4.
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(6)
在黄河三角洲刺参池塘进行了覆盖遮阳网对池塘水环境的调控作用实验,探讨了高温季节刺参池塘水温、盐度、PH、溶解氧、氨氮变化特征。结果如下:15:30时覆盖遮阳网的实验池塘平均水温显著低于对照池塘(P0.05),为0.81℃,而在06:30时两池塘间平均水温并无显著性差异(P0.05);对照池塘有8天水温超过30℃,而实验池塘仅为5天;对照池塘日升温幅度高于实验池塘,最高差值为2.5℃,平均差值为0.56℃;对照池塘平均盐度均高于实验池塘,约为0.15~0.20,但差异不显著(P0.05);对照池塘平均pH略高于实验池塘,约为0.04~0.07,差异不显著(P0.05);且两池塘平均氨氮浓度均为0.027mg/L,无显著性差异(P0.05),两池间溶解氧亦无显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述,覆盖遮阳网可以降低参池水温,并且不会对盐度、PH、溶解氧和氨氮造成显著影响,有利于刺参的安全度夏。 相似文献
5.
《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(5)
研究了珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephe lusfuscoguttatus♀×E.luslanceolatus♂)与3种不同海水植物工厂化原位混养系统的动植物生长及水质变化情况。实验设4个处理组,分别为珍珠龙胆与菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)混养(FA),珍珠龙胆与长茎葡萄蕨藻混养(Caulerpa lentillifera)(FB),珍珠龙胆与海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)混养(FC),以及珍珠龙胆单养(F)。结果表明,石斑鱼的特定生长率在0.69~0.82%之间,以实验组FC最高,显著高于FA和对照(P0.05),而与FB差异不显著(P0.05);饲料系数在1.02~1.11之间,以FC最高,显著高于FA和对照(P0.05),而与FB之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。三种混养植物的净产量方面,以海马齿最高,达(1730.26±117.01)g·m~(-2),显著高于菊花江蓠和长茎葡萄蕨藻(P0.05)。各混养处理的水质指标整体上均优于石斑鱼单养,其中以处理FC的整体水质条件最好,其PO_4~--P、COD、悬浮物浓度等指标均显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。研究表明,工厂化养殖模式下珍珠龙胆石斑鱼与菊花江蓠、长茎葡萄蕨藻、海马齿3种海水植物原位混养的养殖效果均优于石斑鱼单养,其中以珍珠龙胆与海马齿的混养效果最佳。 相似文献
6.
为探讨脱脂南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)粉对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼体组成和消化性能的影响。作者以鱼粉和脱脂磷虾粉为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,用脱脂磷虾粉蛋白替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,设计7种等蛋白(50%)、等脂肪(8%)的实验饲料(分别表示为F0、F10、F20、F30、F40、F50和F100)。每组设3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,初始体质量为(68.13±0.20)g,经过8周的饲养实验。结果表明:F100组的肝体比和脏体比显著低于其他各组(P0.05),F20~F30组的肥满度显著高于F40组(P0.05);F100组全鱼的水分和灰分显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F10组和F100组全鱼的粗蛋白显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F30组和F50组全鱼的粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F100组全鱼的粗脂肪显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。F10、F20和F50组肌肉的水分显著高于F100组(P0.05),F20组和F30组肌肉的粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05),各替代组肌肉的粗蛋白、灰分无组间差异(P0.05);胃蛋白酶活性组间无差异(P0.05),F0和F20的胃脂肪酶活性显著低于F30组(P0.05),F30组的胃淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05),F30和F100组的肠脂肪酶活性显著低于其他各组(P0.05),F0组的肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05);脱脂南极磷虾粉替代组的皱襞高度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,F30组的皱襞高度显著高于其他组(P0.05),替代组和对照组的黏膜厚度和绒毛长度没有显著性差异(P0.05)。综合来看,脱脂南极磷虾粉10%~50%的替代比例对圆斑星鲽幼鱼的形态指标、体组成、消化酶活性和肠道形态指标有较好的效果。 相似文献
7.
目的：探讨透骨血竭散外敷对大鼠类风湿性关节炎(RA)的治疗作用及机制。方法：将SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只随机分成正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组,每组各10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均予Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎造模法建立RA模型。确定造模成功后第2天开始进行药物干预,阳性对照组予扶他林软膏外敷,透骨血竭散组予自制透骨血竭散外敷,连续14d,正常组、模型组不予处理。观察各组大鼠关节红肿情况;腹主动脉取血,采用ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的表达;滑膜免疫组化分析重组人血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、血清载脂蛋白-1（ApoA-1）的阳性表达。结果：各造模组大鼠每周模型关节炎指数（AI）评分均≥6分,均有明显的RA临床症状和病理学改变;模型组IL-1β、TNF-α的表达量均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组大鼠IL-1β、TNF-α表达量降低,透骨血竭散组低于阳性对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组大鼠滑膜APOA-1m RNA表达量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;阳性对照组、透骨血竭散组VEGF mRNA表达量均明显低于模型组（P＜0.05）,透骨血竭散组低于阳性对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：透骨血竭散外敷可通过抑制IL-1β、TNF-α及VEGF mRNA的表达量发挥治疗RA的作用,其对滑膜APOA-1的表达无明显影响。 相似文献
8.
为探究二倍体和三倍体虹鳟(Onchorynchus mykiss)在血液生理学方面是否存在一定差异,本文以虹鳟为实验对象,采用流式细胞仪对虹鳟进行倍性鉴定,对三倍体和二倍体虹鳟的红细胞胞体和红细胞核大小进行测量,测定部分血液学指标,并进行比较分析。研究显示,三倍体虹鳟红细胞及核的长轴、短轴、面积、体积均极显著大于二倍体(P0.01);三倍体虹鳟血液中的红细胞数目(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)极显著低于二倍体(P0.01),而白细胞数目(WBC)显著高于二倍体(P0.05);三倍体虹鳟血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、葡萄糖(GLU)浓度显著低于二倍体(P0.05),谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白(TP)含量与二倍体差异不显著(P0.05);三倍体和二倍体虹鳟血清渗透压无显著性差异(P0.05);研究结果显示,在不同倍性的虹鳟中,其红细胞大小及部分血液生理生化指标受倍性影响显著。 相似文献
9.
四溴双酚A(TBBPA)作为一种被广泛使用的溴代阻燃剂,是海洋环境中主要的有机污染物之一。在海洋污染检测和风险评估中,桡足类作为海洋生态系统中的关键环节被认为是理想的受试生物。实验以拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithonasimilis)作为受试生物,探讨了温度和盐度影响下TBBPA对拟长腹剑水蚤的毒性效应。实验测得TBBPA对拟长腹剑水蚤48h-LC50=3.106mg·L~(-1)。设定温度梯度10、20、30℃和盐度梯度10、20、30,拟长腹剑水蚤暴露在2.485、3.106、3.883mg·L~(-1) TBBPA中48h,死亡率均会随着温度升高和盐度降低而上升。慢性毒性实验结果显示,在15、20、25℃,盐度10、20、30条件下,拟长腹剑水蚤暴露在0.031和0.310mg·L~(-1) TBBPA中,存活率和孵化率没有显著变化(P0.05),温度盐度改变,TBBPA对其影响也不显著(P0.05);而0.031和0.310mg·L~(-1) TBBPA对发育时间(无节幼虫到桡足类幼体﹑桡足幼体到成体﹑第一只挂卵雌体的出现)和产卵间隔的影响显著(P0.05),改变温度和盐度,TBBPA的毒性效应也会相应改变;TBBPA对产卵量的影响会随温度的变化而变化,但盐度并没有引起显著变化(P0.05)。 相似文献
10.
高温对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼血清生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了持续7 d和14 d 32℃高温对12月龄大黄鱼血清生化指标影响,结果表明:高温处理7 d后,碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、谷酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性均有所升高,除碱性磷酸酶,其余五种酶与对照组(25℃)差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01);血清中Cl-、Na+和Ca2+的浓度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),而K+的浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05);血清中总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、尿素氮的含量均有所降低,其中尿素氮、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖的含量与对照组差异达到显著(P0.05)或极显著水平(P0.01)。高温处理14 d后,除肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著高于对照组外(P0.01),其它酶与对照相比差异不显著(P0.05);血清中Ca2+、K+的浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),Cl-、Na+的浓度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);尿素氮、胆固醇的含量与对照组差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。以上研究表明:高温处理7 d、14 d,肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶、K+浓度、尿素氮和胆固醇5个指标与对照相比都存在显著的变化,可作为大黄鱼对高温的反应指标。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
16.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.