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The evolution of the Northern Hemisphere oceanic gateways has facilitated ocean circulation changes and may have influenced climatic variations in the Cenozoic time (66 Ma–0 Ma). However, the timing of these oceanic gateway events is poorly constrained and is often neglected in global paleobathymetric reconstructions. We have therefore re-evaluated the evolution of the Northern hemisphere oceanic gateways (i.e. the Fram Strait, Greenland–Scotland Ridge, the Central American Seaway, and the Tethys Seaway) and embedded their tectonic histories in a new global paleobathymetry and topography model for the Cenozoic time. Our new paleobathymetry model incorporates Northeast Atlantic paleobathymetric variations due to Iceland mantle plume activity, updated regional plate kinematics, and models for the oceanic lithospheric age, sediment thickness, and reconstructed oceanic plateaus and microcontinents. We also provide a global paleotopography model based on new and previously published regional models. In particular, the new model documents important bathymetric changes in the Northeast Atlantic and in the Tethys Seaway near the Eocene–Oligocene transition (~34 Ma), the time of the first glaciations of Antarctica, believed to be triggered by the opening of the Southern Ocean gateways (i.e. the Drake Passage and the Tasman Gateway) and subsequent Antarctic Circumpolar Current initiation. Our new model can be used to test whether the Northern Hemisphere gateways could have also played an important role modulating ocean circulation and climate at that time. In addition, we provide a set of realistic global bathymetric and topographic reconstructions for the Cenozoic time at one million-year interval for further use in paleo-ocean circulation and climate models. 相似文献
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昆仑--秦岭造山系的几个问题 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18
昆仑-秦岭带加里东旋回的洋盆不是从元古代继承下来的．而是由寒武纪裂谷发展而来的，它在志留纪即宣告封闭；昆仑石炭纪一二叠纪海底裂谷带或可能的小洋盆，在晚二叠世前已经消失，三纪时昆仑-秦岭带只有海，而没有洋。因此，印支造山运动并不是洋盆消失后的陆-陆碰撞造山，而是陆-陆叠复造山(大陆壳消减造山)作用。 相似文献
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北祁连早古生代洋盆是裂陷槽还是大洋盆,是一个有争论的问题。文中讨论了蛇绿岩中保存的代表大洋盆存在的印记。认为被夹持于华北地块和柴达木地块之间的北祁连早古生代造山带属于板块增生杂岩带,是由海洋岩石圈残片、消减杂岩、岛弧增生楔等组成的(或许还包括一部分残留陆块).指出北祁连蛇绿岩属于科迪勒拉型,暗示北祁连在早古生代时可能曾经是一个规模较大的洋盆,而非裂陷槽。华北地块和柴达木地块的规模很小,只不过是浩瀚海洋中散布的微小陆块而已。 相似文献
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新疆中天山古生代侵入岩浆序列及构造演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆中天山构造岩浆带是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,广泛分布着古生代花岗质侵入体。本研究重点对中天山南缘巴音布鲁克及巴伦台地区的花岗质侵入体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,并获得了岩体侵位年龄由老到新分别为463±3Ma(石英闪长岩)、437±5Ma(石英闪长岩)、424±3Ma(二长花岗岩)、383±4Ma(二长花岗岩)、356±3Ma(二长花岗岩)和303±5Ma(正长花岗岩)。综合区域地质分析认为,中天山古生代侵入岩浆活动可分为四个构造岩浆演化阶段:(1)晚寒武世—晚奥陶世阶段,Terskey洋盆和南天山洋盆自新元古代打开形成广阔洋盆,Terskey洋盆在晚寒武世开始初次俯冲,于晚奥陶世洋盆闭合,南天山洋盆于早奥陶世初次俯冲,具有自西向东、由早到晚的俯冲特点;(2)早志留世—中泥盆世阶段,南天山洋盆持续向北俯冲,该阶段北天山洋开始向南侧俯冲,在伊犁地块北缘形成了弧岩浆;(3)晚泥盆世—早石炭世阶段,南天山洋盆闭合于晚泥盆世末期,在早石炭世中晚期进入残余洋盆演化阶段;(4)晚石炭世—早二叠世阶段,该阶段为后碰撞伸展环境,区域上为陆内演化阶段。 相似文献
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全球冰-海洋耦合模式的海冰模拟 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
海冰是全球气候系统的重要分量 ,与大气和海洋的相互作用 ,直接影响大气环流和海洋环流 ,对气候及其变化具有重要影响。文中依据冰、海洋间的热力、动力耦合相互作用 ,改进冰海洋热力耦合方案 ,利用由中国科学院大气物理研究所的 30层海洋模式和基于Flato空化流体流变学的海冰动力模式和Hibler表面热收支平衡的零层海冰热力模式 ,建立全球冰海洋耦合模式。利用大气月平均气候资料 ,利用冰海洋耦合模式对全球海冰的分布及其季节性变化、海冰漂移进行了耦合模拟和分析。模拟的南半球海冰分布及季节变化与实际分析资料非常接近 ,比 2 0层冰海洋耦合模式的结果有显著改进。北半球海冰范围偏小 ,但季节变化的量值与实际相当一致。模拟的海冰速度场反映了南、北半球海冰漂移的主要特征 ,如北极的穿极漂流和南大洋的绕极环流等。对海冰密集度的分析表明 ,模拟结果得以改进原因在于改进的冰海洋热力耦合方案增强了融冰期冰海洋耦合系统海洋热通量增加—密集度减小—能量收支增加的正反馈机制。 相似文献
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东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂带的地质特征及其对中亚地区晚古生代洋陆格局重建的约束 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
卡拉麦里断裂带是新疆北部乃至中亚地区一条显著的大型断裂带,是在古生代洋盆关闭以后形成的。对于其前身古洋盆关闭过程中的古洋岩石圈板块的俯冲极性,在地质界有单向俯冲和双向俯冲2种对立的认识,对于该带是否是不同古板块之间的缝合带也存在截然不同的论点。根据２０多年来的研究积累和对前人资料的综合研究,简要地论述了该断裂带及其南侧地区的地质组成和构造变形特征,提出了该带是弧后盆地关闭的遗迹,其南侧为弧后盆地被动边缘,在该弧后盆地关闭的过程中古洋岩石圈板块向北俯冲的论点。最后,简要地探讨了该带对东准噶尔古构造－成矿格局演变和中亚地区古生代洋陆格局重建的制约。 相似文献
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The total heat output of the Earth constrains models of mantle and core dynamics. Previously published estimates (42–44 TW) have recently been questioned because the measured conductive heat flow on young oceanic lithosphere is about a factor of 2 less than the expected heat flow based on half-space cooling models. Taking the conductive ocean heat flow values at face value reduces the global heat flow from 44 to 31 TW, which has major implications for geodynamics and Earth history. To help resolve this issue, we develop a new method of estimating total oceanic heat flow from depth and age data. The overall elevation of the global ridge system, relative to the deep ocean basins, provides an independent estimate of the total heat content of the lithosphere. Heat flow is proportional to the measured subsidence rate times the heat capacity divided by the thermal expansion coefficient. The largest uncertainty in this method is due to uncertainties in the thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity. Scalar subsidence rate is computed from gradients of depth and age grids. The method cannot be applied over very young seafloor (< 3 Ma) where age gradient is discontinuous and the assumption of isostasy is invalid. Between 3 and 66 Ma, the new estimates are in agreement with half-space cooling model. Our model-independent estimate of the total heat output of Cenozoic seafloor is 18.6 to 20.5 TW, which leads to a global output of 42 to 44 TW in agreement with previous studies. 相似文献
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A new conceptual palaeo-oceanographical model is outlined in this paper. The model differs from previous models by using shifts in Hadley circulation caused by orbital variations, and the rotation rate of the Earth, to locate the position of the planetary oceanic low-and high-pressure systems, around which the planetary ocean surface currents flow. Adapting the model to the Arenig (early Ordovician) the temperate low pressure zones were found to be located at 50° latitude and the subtropical high pressure zones at 25° latitude.
Traditionally, most Palaeozoic palaeogeographical recon-structions are reconstructed using palaeomagnetic data supplemented with data from climate-sensitive lithofacies and palaeo-biogeographical distributions. However, as a new approach in palaeogeographical reconstructions, the con-ceptual palaeo-oceanographical model is combined with palaeobiogeographical data for the Arenig series, comple-menting the palaeomagnetic data, and resulting in a new, refined palaeogeographical reconstruction. 相似文献
Traditionally, most Palaeozoic palaeogeographical recon-structions are reconstructed using palaeomagnetic data supplemented with data from climate-sensitive lithofacies and palaeo-biogeographical distributions. However, as a new approach in palaeogeographical reconstructions, the con-ceptual palaeo-oceanographical model is combined with palaeobiogeographical data for the Arenig series, comple-menting the palaeomagnetic data, and resulting in a new, refined palaeogeographical reconstruction. 相似文献
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ANDREAS PAUL JOHN J. G. REIJMER JÖRN FÜRSTENAU HANNO KINKEL CHRISTIAN BETZLER 《Sedimentology》2012,59(5):1640-1658
A piston core from the Maldives carbonate platform was investigated for carbonate mineralogy, grain‐size distributions, calcium carbonate content and organic carbon. The sedimentary record was linked to Late Pleistocene sea‐level variations, using an age model based on oxygen isotopes obtained from planktonic foramanifera, nannofossil biostratigraphy and 14C age determinations. The correlation between the sedimentary record and Late Pleistocene sea‐level showed that variations in aragonite and mud during the past 150 000 years were clearly related to flooding and sea floor exposure of the main lagoons of the atolls of the Maldives carbonate platform. Platform flooding events were characterized by strongly increased deposition of aragonite and mud within the Inner Sea of the Maldives. Exposure events, in contrast, can be recognized by rapid decreases in the values of both proxy records. The results show that sediments on the Maldives carbonate platform contain a continuous record of Pleistocene sea‐level variations. These sediments may, therefore, contribute to a better understanding of regional and even global sea‐level changes, and yield new insights into the interplay between ocean currents and carbonate platform morphology. 相似文献
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着重介绍了洋板块地层的概念、模式、组成及失序变化特征。造山带混杂岩和大陆边缘增生复合体是经历俯冲碰撞消亡后的古洋沉积记录,利用微体古生物地层学和同位素年代学方法可以重建造山带混杂岩和大陆边缘增生复合体的原始地层。洋板块地层(学)是用来描述沉淀在洋壳基底之上的沉积岩和火成岩序列的术语,其开始于洋中脊形成,终止于该洋中脊被移入到汇聚边缘增生楔。从造山带混杂岩中重建的古大洋地层的基本组成大体相似,但因大洋岩石圈的岩浆背景不同,造成不同时期和不同类型的洋板块地层组成也会有差异。在前人研究成果的基础上, 笔者通过对不同类型洋板块地层进行分类,介绍了如何从经历碰撞造山过程的增生造山带进行洋板块地层的重建。引入“洋板块地层学”概念的主要目的在于通过对因俯冲增生而消亡的具有洋壳基底的构造洋盆和边缘海盆地的地层单元进行重建,恢复已消失洋的地层组成单元,这对造山带地层解析、造山带构造古地理恢复、重大构造变革期古地理学研究和板块重建等都将起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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Dr. Claire L. Parkinson 《GeoJournal》1989,18(1):9-20
In spite of the importance of sea ice to polar climates, sea ice/climate studies have been limited in the past due to the lack of consistent, long-term, global sea ice records. Satellite passive microwave technology, available since the early 1970s, now provides the potential of generating the desired long-term data sets. With passive microwave data, global sea ice distributions can be mapped on a routine basis every few days, to a spatial resolution on the order of 30 km. The sea ice records generated so far from such satellite data have already been used in many scientific investigations, helping to quantify global sea ice distributions and their seasonal and interannual variations, and to illuminate possible ice/ocean and ice/atmosphere interactions. The results to date augur well for the possibilities once the satellite passive microwave record is long enough to form a true climatic data base. 相似文献
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昆仑造山带基本构造-地层格架主要奠基于古生代,是早古生代和晚古生代多次洋陆转换、碰撞造山的结果。早中二叠世是晚古生代昆仑多岛洋盆(昆南洋)伸展裂陷最为强烈期,海相沉积广布,昆北为活动边缘裂谷,大部分区域为滨浅海相沉积,局部为火山盆地相沉积;昆中洋岛大部分为海水淹没,发育滨浅海相沉积;康西瓦—木孜塔格—阿尼玛卿一线及其以北昆南区为深海-半深海相沉积。早中二叠世总体表现为南深北浅的多岛小洋盆构造-古地理格局。中二叠世晚期昆仑地区发生了一次显著的汇聚作用(华力西运动),洋盆和活动大陆边缘裂谷闭合,隆升遭受剥蚀,完成了一次盆山转换。晚二叠世早期,大部分地区仍为剥蚀区,局部地区形成陆相红色碎屑岩建造,其后东昆仑东部海水从东南进入,西昆仑东部海水从西北进入,在较局限的区域内沉积了滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积,进入了另一个盆山发展时期。笔者通过多年的野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区的1∶25万区域地质调查资料及其他前人研究成果,选择昆仑造山带晚古生代盆山转换关键时期——二叠纪,对其地层、岩相特征及构造古地理环境进行研究,并探讨了其构造演化,以期对提高昆仑造山带的研究水平和指导找矿工作有所禆益。 相似文献
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L.P. Zonenshain 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(3):213-232
Late Precambrian-Early Paleozoic and Middle Paleozoic oceanic basins are reconstructed in the orogenic belt of Central Asia. These basins coincide with eugeosynclinal ophiolites which can be considered as remnants of a former oceanic floor. As these ophiolites are of decreasing age from the edges of the eugeosynclinal zones toward their centres, one can assume the creation of an ancient oceanic basin by a sea-floor spreading process. Restored oceanic basins can be considered as analogues of present marginal and inland seas. The distinct structural-magmatic zonal pattern came into existence during the generation of a given oceanic basin. This pattern appears to be governed by the ancient Benioff zone along which energy and light lithophile substance ascended as mantle diapir. 相似文献
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基于基础地质调查获得的新资料,对涉及东天山新元古代-古生代大地构造演化格局存在争议或认识模糊的准噶尔-吐哈地块、北天山洋盆和康古尔洋盆的属性及相互时空关联进行了重新界定。提出准噶尔-吐哈地块为相对刚性的、深部为0.8~0.55 Ga新生地壳但表层存在>1.0 Ga古老陆壳残片的具有大洋高原性质的统一块体,北界范围随着北部边缘的裂拚演化过程而随时间发生变化。基于对吐哈地块与中天山之间新发现的大草滩蛇绿岩以及其他蛇绿混杂岩带的系统梳理,提出古生代两阶段不同性质的洋盆演化模型。具有显著不同板块分隔意义的北天山洋盆主要出现于寒武-中泥盆世,代表长期分隔准噶尔-吐哈地块与中天山-塔里木板块的主大洋,而康古尔古洋盆是石炭纪-早二叠世早期叠加在已经缝合的北天山洋盆的古大陆边缘体系之上重新打开的持续时间较短的有限小洋盆。结合近年来其他相关研究新成果,重新构建了东天山地区新元古代-古生代构造演化模型。 相似文献
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《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(1-2):47-59
The stratigraphic and sedimentary history of the Celebes Sea Basin provides the basis for a tectonic model for its evolution which is consistent with new regional plate reconstructions. Cores drilled on Leg 124 of the Ocean Drilling Program (sites 767 and 770) form a stratigraphic record from the basement to the sea floor in just under 800 metres of sedimentary succession. The basement itself is basalt with a strong MORB affinity. Radiolaria in pelagic mudstones at the base of the succession indicate a late middle Eocene age. A very condensed pelagic sequence (90 m in 20 Ma) suggests a setting which was distal from sources of terrigenous clastics and volcaniclastics and below the CCD. These characteristics are similar to the West Philippine Sea Basin (drilled on DSDP Legs 31 and 59), which also has oceanic basement, dated at 44–42 Ma, and Paleogene pelagic strata. These data are therefore consistent with any plate reconstruction model which has these two basins forming as part of the same ocean basin.During the Miocene quartz-rich sandy turbidites were deposited in the Celebes Sea Basin. This influx of terrigenous clastics occurred for a brief period in middle to late Miocene times (c. 10 Ma). The nearest large continental landmass which could have acted as the source of this mature siliciclastic detritus was the island of Borneo, and the onset of this clastic supply may be related to uplift caused by collision events on the island. Cessation of terrigenous clastic supply to the basin centre occurred as southward subduction of the underlying oceanic crust beneath the northern arm of Sulawesi began. It is speculated that the development of a trench along the southern margin of the basin acted as a trap for detritus coming from Borneo, diverting material from the basin centre. 相似文献
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王宗秀 李春麟 Pak Nikolai Ivleva Elen 余心起 周高 肖伟峰 韩淑琴 Halilov Zailabidin Takenov Nurgazy 鄢犀利 《中国地质》2017,44(4):623-641
西天山造山带位于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块与卡拉库姆—塔里木板块的结合部,是由一系列前寒武纪微陆块、古生代洋壳残片及陆缘弧相互拼贴而成的多聚合带、多成矿带,其独特的造山-成矿过程受到了国内外的广泛关注。本文通过构造单元划分与编图,建立了古生代西天山造山带的构造格架,认为古生代西天山造山带的构造演化依次经历了:罗迪尼亚大陆裂解与北天山早古生代多岛洋盆形成阶段(Z-O_2),北天山早古生代多岛洋盆闭合与南天山洋盆开始形成阶段(O_3-S),南、北天山洋晚古生代洋盆形成与发展阶段(D-C_1),南、北天山晚古生代洋盆全面闭合与天山碰撞造山带形成阶段(C1-C_2)和碰撞后板内演化阶段(C_2-P)。 相似文献
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对新疆北部蛇绿岩及相关问题的思考和认识 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：12
蛇绿岩是作为大陆古板块划分及洋壳存在的重要佐证,同时也是许多地质问题争论的焦点之一。关于新疆北部地区大地构造单元的划分,尽管从不同理论、不同专业角度进行了许多研究和论述,但也因对区内蛇绿岩的认识不同而仍存在诸多争议。本文针对以区内蛇绿岩形成时代来确定洋盆出现所存在的一些可变因素的阐述,提出在新疆北部地区于震旦纪-石炭纪期间可能只存在一个水域相通的统一大洋～准噶尔-天山洋的认识。并以此为基点,对新疆北部地区的构造单元进行了初步划分,划分出两个被动陆缘带和三个弧盆带,同时将其构造演化概括为陆壳拉张(Z—C)、洋盆形成(O-S)及洋盆消减(D—C)三个阶段。 相似文献