共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
中尼口岸作为环喜马拉雅经济合作带的窗口,其贸易和交通发展是中国建设“面向南亚开放大通道”的重要支撑。论文探讨口岸贸易与跨境交通的耦合协调机理,运用评价指标体系法和可达性模型分别评估中尼口岸的贸易可持续发展水平和跨境交通可达性,运用耦合协调模型分析2010—2019年中尼口岸贸易可持续性与跨境交通可达性的耦合协调关系。研究结果表明：① 口岸贸易与跨境交通复合系统是一个具有交互耦合关系的有机整体,口岸贸易与跨境交通高水平同步发展是口岸贸易与跨境交通耦合协调的关键。② 中尼口岸贸易的整体可持续发展水平偏低,贸易流量是中尼口岸贸易可持续发展的关键要素;中尼口岸的跨境交通可达性提升缓慢,樟木口岸的跨境运输优势明显。③ 中尼口岸贸易与交通发展的耦合协调整体处于中度失调状态,贸易滞后于交通发展,交通对贸易的促进作用有限。为了推进口岸贸易与跨境交通的耦合协调发展,应当充分发挥中尼口岸的货运职能,大力发展尼泊尔转口贸易,打通南亚大市场。加快建设吉隆口岸跨境经济合作区;远期打造新通道以发挥樟木口岸大宗货物运输功能;利用直升机发展普兰(斜尔瓦)口岸的“神山圣湖”旅游经济,促进口岸贸易可持续发展。 相似文献
2.
The characteristics of a reflected spherical wave at a free surface are investigated by numerical methods; in particular, the polarization angles and amplitude coefficients of a reflected spherical wave are studied. The classical case of the reflection of a plane P wave from a free surface is revisited in order to establish our terminology, and the classical results are recast in a way which is more suited for the study undertaken. The polarization angle of a plane P wave, for a given angle of incidence, is shown to be 90° minus twice the angle of reflection of the reflected S wave. For a Poisson's ratio less than 1/3, there is a non-normal incident angle for which both amplification coefficients are 2 precisely; for this incident angle the direction of the particle motion at the free surface is also the direction of the incident wave. For a wave emanating from a spherical source, the polarization angle, for all angles of incidence, is always less than, or equal to, the polarization angle of a plane P wave. The vector amplification coefficient of a spherical wave, for all angles of incidence, is always greater than the vector amplification coefficient of a plane P wave. As expected, the results for a spherical wave approach the results for a plane P wave in the far field. Furthermore, there was a good agreement between the theoretical modelling and the numerical modelling using the dynamic finite element method (DFEM). 相似文献
3.
"This paper examines the increase of one-person households during the 1980s in England and Wales and France set within the broader context of household change in Europe as a whole....One-person households vary geographically by age, with younger one-person households found especially in larger urban areas; older one-person households have a more varied distribution, although rural and traditional retirement areas have particular concentrations. Increases in numbers are a result of both compositional changes in the population (increasing numbers of divorced and never-marrieds as well as increasing numbers of elderly) and also an increasing propensity to live alone, especially among younger age groups." 相似文献
4.
A theoretical and experimental comparison of the anisotropies of magnetic susceptibility and remanence in rocks and minerals 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary. Susceptibility, thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) anisotropy ellipsoids have been determined for several rock samples. The results indicate that the ellipsoid of initial susceptibility is less anisotropic than the TRM and low field IRM ellipsoids which are found experimentally to be of identical shape. This suggests that palaeomagnetic data for anisotropic rocks may be corrected by using the anisotropy ellipsoid determined from magnetically non-destructive low field IRM measurements. Such IRM measurements can also be used to obtain anisotropy axes of samples which are inherently anisotropic but which have a susceptibility which is too weak to be accurately measured. The results for a series of artificial anisotropic samples containing magnetite particles of different sizes (in the range 0.2–90 μm) were very similar to those for the rocks. In contrast, a comparison of the susceptibility and IRM ellipsoids for anisotropic samples containing particles from a magnetic tape gave very different results in accordance with theory. Such results imply that susceptibility and IRM ellipsoids could be used to determine whether anisotropic rocks contain uniaxial single-domain particles (magnetization confined to the easy axis) or whether the particles are essentially multidomain. 相似文献
5.
《更路簿》与潭门地方性的建构与再现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新文化地理学提倡关注文本中的地理。运用内容分析与文本分析相结合的方法对《更路簿》与潭门地方性的建构和再现进行案例分析,探究文本与地方性之间的关系和作用。研究发现：① 内容记载是文本与地方性作用的首要维度,独特地方性内容的再现是地方性挖掘的必要前提;② 价值表征是文本参与地方性构建的象征基础,文本的价值基于且超越于文本的内容,与其所处的社会环境密切相关;③ 象征解译是文本参与地方性构建的重要方式,文本的意义价值体系不仅内含创作者或创作群体的语气,还包括“他者”群体对于文本价值的认知和阐释;④ 文本与地方性建构和再现之间的作用是相互的,地方文化符号和品牌的形成反之可促进对文本的保护。 相似文献
6.
长江、黄河流域生态系统服务变化及权衡协同关系研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
长江、黄河流域是中国重要的生态屏障,近几十年来强烈的人类活动改变了长江、黄河流域的自然景观,使生态系统功能遭到破坏,了解流域内生态系统服务的变化、相互作用和驱动因素是流域生态系统管理和调控的重要基础。本文利用土地利用、土壤类型和气象等数据,对2000—2016年长江、黄河流域的NPP、土壤保持和产水服务进行时空变化分析;采用相关分析法和约束线研究生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系和约束效应。结果表明：① 2000—2016年,长江、黄河流域的NPP分别以3.21 gC/m2和3.92 gC/m2的速率递增,产水量和土壤保持量在长江流域分别以1.25 mm/a的速率递增和55 t/hm2的速率递减,而在黄河流域,产水量和土壤保持量分别以0.04 mm/a的速率递减和3.31 t/hm2的速率递增。② 长江、黄河流域的NPP、土壤保持和产水服务之间互为协同关系。长江流域的NPP和产水服务与土壤保持服务之间为驼峰型约束,NPP与产水量之间为凸波型约束。③ 黄河流域的NPP与土壤保持间的约束线形态为凸波型,NPP与产水量之间为驼峰型约束,而产水量与土壤保持之间为指数型。定量化研究不同流域的生态系统服务并探究其影响因素,对于了解和优化不同地区的生态系统服务有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
陈明星 周素红 何深静 叶超 汪明峰 孙威 王开泳 刘艳军 朱晟君 马海涛 姚华松 马仁锋 张华 余建辉 吴康 王丰龙 黄耿志 赵荣钦 郝庆 刘春腊 郑捷 刘海猛 《地理研究》2018,37(3):449-472
2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。青年论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题。莅临会场的院士、前辈和主管部门领导纷纷表示鼓励、支持和关怀青年人才的更快更好的成长。在这样的背景下,以这次青年论坛主题为题,在新时代传承和创新人文与经济地理学,青年学者责无旁贷,追寻地理学家的精神,集中探讨青年学者的责任与行动,展示人文与经济地理青年学者的思考和风采。 相似文献
8.
9.
陈明星 陆大道 唐常春 刘承良 叶玉瑶 丁建军 王姣娥 刘晔 唐志鹏 孙中伟 陈东 李钢 孙伟 李鹤 潘峰华 张圆刚 李玉恒 李裕瑞 魏冶 赵建吉 彭立 高菠阳 胡志丁 钱丽芸 姜炎鹏 董冠鹏 杨传开 虞虎 安宁 戚伟 《地理研究》2018,37(10):2096-2124
2018年是中国改革开放40周年,也是“科学的春天”40周年。随着中国进入特色社会主义新时代,人文与经济地理学也将迈入新时代。青年学者恰好处在承前启后的这一时期,围绕学科传承和创新发展需要,面向新时代国家和经济社会发展的现实需求,青年学者积极行动起来,努力学习和传承人文与经济地理学前辈所建立的学科体系,并力图继续开拓和创新。一是助力建设学科文化,打造具有学科认同感和归属感的学术共同体。二是在向西方学习的同时,加强中国特色的自主理论建构与创新。三是向相关学科方向学习,加强交叉与综合的数据和方法创新,建设科学化、多元化的研究方法体系。四是青年学者更需要踏实认真的态度,找准个人研究领域方向,求真务实并力图创造新的知识,不断提升研究深度。人文与经济地理学的学科梦必将在一代代青年学者的接力奋斗中变为现实。 相似文献
10.
Population counts are a key anchor for much of the official statistical system and the benchmark for many commercial and research surveys and analysis. Statistical offices around the world face a wide range of challenges in counting their population, most particularly in the years between censuses, as population flows become much freer and family structures continue to evolve. This paper considers these issues, reviewing how population counts have evolved over time in the UK and other countries. The paper also looks to the future, considering ways in which population count methodology might develop. 相似文献
11.
H. B. Turnell 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,83(2):363-378
Summary. Study of the palaeomagnetism of two complexes from the Newer Granite Suite in Scotland, at Ratagan (NW Highlands) and Comrie (central Highlands), reveals the variable nature of the natural remanence encountered in granodioritic intrusions and the surrounding metamorphic country rock. Forty-eight specimens from Ratagan, dated at 415 ± 5 Ma, gave a mean direction: D = 8°, I =−32°, and a palaeomagnetic south pole: 15°S, 346°E (δ p = 5°, δ m = 9°). Twenty-eight specimens from Comrie, dated at 408±5 Ma, gave a mean direction: D = 75°, I =−30°, and a palaeomagnetic south pole: 6°S, 287°E (δ p = 4°, δ m = 7°). These results have been compared with the established apparent polar wander path (APWP) for Britain. The Ratagan pole improves the reliability of the APWP but doubt remains as to whether the primary magnetization from Comrie represents a true late Silurian direction or whether it has been affected by post-cooling rotation, possibly associated with the nearby Highland Boundary Fault. 相似文献
12.
The geography of tyranny and despair: development indicators and the hypothesis of genetic inevitability of national inequality 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
STEPHEN MORSE 《The Geographical journal》2008,174(3):195-206
Development geography has long sought to understand why inequalities exist and the best ways to address them. Dependency theory sets out an historical rationale for under development based on colonialism and a legacy of developed core and under-developed periphery. Race is relevant in this theory only insofar that Europeans are white and the places they colonised were occupied by people with darker skin colour. There are no innate biological reasons why it happened in that order. However, a new theory for national inequalities proposed by Lynn and Vanhanen in a series of publications makes the case that poorer countries have that status because of a poorer genetic stock rather than an accident of history. They argue that IQ has a genetic basis and IQ is linked to ability. Thus races with a poorer IQ have less ability, and thus national IQ can be positively correlated with performance as measured by an indicator like GDP/capita. Their thesis is one of despair, as little can be done to improve genetic stock significantly other than a programme of eugenics. This paper summarises and critiques the Lynn and Vanhanen hypothesis and the assumptions upon which it is based, and uses this analysis to show how a human desire to simplify in order to manage can be dangerous in development geography. While the attention may naturally be focused on the 'national IQ' variables as a proxy measure of 'innate ability', the assumption of GDP per capita as an indicator of 'success' and 'achievement' is far more readily accepted without criticism. The paper makes the case that the current vogue for indicators, indices and cause–effect can be tyrannical. 相似文献
13.
资源环境承载能力监测预警中一项重要的内容就是资源环境耗损过程的变化趋势测度。本文从资源消耗、环境损坏和生态质量变化角度出发,提出了一种基于资源环境耗损的过程评价方法,即通过计算水土资源消耗、水气环境污染以及生态质量变化,测度资源环境耗损指数,刻画资源环境耗损趋势,并在京津冀地区开展了试评价。研究结果表明：①该评价方法以资源环境耗损变化为基础,力图客观反映区域资源环境变化趋势,从科学架构出发,结合数据可获得性和实际可操作性,综合得出一种科学合理且简单易行的评价方法,有利于资源环境耗损过程评价在全国推广。②试评价结果显示,京津冀地区水土资源利用效率提高趋势明显,近80%的区县处于资源利用高效率类别;污染物排放强度总体呈现下降趋势,但仍然有33%的区县污染物排放处于高强度状态;以林草覆盖率表征的生态质量处于逐步降低状态,年均降低速率约为1.2%。③从指标组合关系上看,水土资源利用效率同时趋于良好的县占比最高(100个,约50%);效率趋势相异的区县较少(62个),其中土地资源利用效率趋差而水资源利用效率趋良的区县个数最少(18个)。污染物排放强度变化的指标组合呈现两极分化特征。京津冀地区资源环境耗损趋缓型和加剧型评价单元数量对比为6:1,市辖区的耗损加剧程度比县略严重。 相似文献
14.
Based on daily average temperatures and observation data from 74 meteorological stations in Chinese oases, we calculate five-day (pentad) average temperature ≤0°C for the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period using linear regression analysis, nonparametric Mann-Kendall tests, the Morlet wavelet power spectrum, and correlation analysis. We also analyze spatial and temporal variations and their effects on the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period in Chinese oases. Results show that over the last 55 years, the start pentad of cold period has been postponed while the end pentad has been advanced. Overall, the pentads have gradually shortened over time at trend rates that are 0.3 p/10a,–0.27 p/10a, and–0.58 p/10a, respectively. Spatial differences are significant, especially for the Qaidam Basin oasis where the start pentad is the earliest, the end pentad is the latest, and the trend of change is most obvious. Mutation points for the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period were observed in 1990, 1998, and 1994, respectively. Of these, the start pentad and pentads of cold period show a periodic cycle, related to atmospheric circulation and El Nino events, while the end pentad exhibits a periodic cycle, related to solar activity. The Tibetan Plateau index (TPI), the Asian polar vortex area index (APVAI), and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) are the main factors affecting cold period in the study area, whereas the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) index exerts the greatest effect on the Qaidam Basin oasis. The start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period increase in concert with latitude, longitude, and altitude; in response to these changes, the start pentad is advanced, the end pentad is postponed, and pentads of cold period are gradually extended. Results show that change in latitude is most significant. Overall, the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period show clear responses to regional warming, but there are different effects on each. 相似文献
15.
如何正确处理流域开发与生态环境保护的关系,客观评价闸坝对生态环境的影响,是我国流域管理中亟待解决的科学问题之一。本文从河流的自然特性入手,剖析了闸坝修建和调控引起的水文水环境效应,探讨了闸坝对河流水量水质影响评价的理论基础、关键内容和技术手段等,提出了基于流域水循环过程认识和模拟的闸坝效应量化体系和分析方法;并以我国水利工程最密集、污染最严重的淮河流域为例,初步探索了流域闸坝的水文水环境效应。研究可为多闸坝调控流域水资源开发利用和水污染治理提供理论支持,为实现流域综合管理及社会经济可持续发展作出贡献。 相似文献
16.
区域资源环境综合承载力是人地关系和谐和可持续发展的重要基础,也是自然地理综合研究的前沿及热点内容。近年来,区域资源环境综合承载力研究取得了长足进展,体现在：①建立了综合、广泛的评价指标体系;②资源环境综合承载力与人地关系的调适;③综合研究方法的应用;④对资源环境综合承载力的时空动态研究的关注及尝试。目前,资源环境综合承载力研究应用于国土空间开发、产业规划、灾后重建、资源环境监测及预警等领域。未来仍需在完善指标体系的构建、研究尺度及动态变化等方面加强研究,以此深化综合自然地理理论及实践研究,为区域资源、社会和生态环境可持续性研究提供支撑。 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):157-160
Abstract Ideally the test questions we give to students reflect our educational objectives. Recent curriculum developments in geography show a change in these objectives, from an emphasis on imparting knowledge towards a greater stress on involving students in solving geographic problems. Most teachers, however, are accustomed to writing questions which measure factual knowledge. What kinds of questions can we ask which would be better aligned with our objectives? This paper is an attempt to indicate some such questions. It discusses aspects of test design, item classification, and styles of presentation which facilitate the preparation of tests measuring a variety of objectives. It also comments briefly on student performance on different kinds of items. 相似文献
18.
镇村社区空间网络是以镇区为依托、镇村社区为节点、彼此关联为连边构成的空间组织形态,探索其结构特征及其优化策略对引导要素合理流动、提升网络运行效率等具有重要意义。本文选取重庆市沙坪坝区凤凰镇19个镇村社区作为网络节点,采用修正后的引力强度模型反映节点之间的联系,运用GIS工具和社会网络分析法、相关性分析等方法探究镇村社区空间网络结构的总体特征、节点特征及差异特征,提出镇村社区空间网络的优化策略。研究表明：镇村社区空间网络总体处于低水平、非均衡的发展阶段,网络兼具整体松散性与局部集聚性,且小世界特征较为显著,凝聚子群之间的关联性差异明显;镇村社区空间网络呈现“核心-边缘”的节点结构,核心节点的结构洞优势有待加强;社区居民不同的社会属性对网络结构造成了差异性影响;基于此,拟从节点自身功能完善、节点等级体系构建及节点间经济联系强化等方面,构建“1轴、1心、18点”+“1网、57线”的空间网络化模式,为当前及未来的农村社区建设提供示范。 相似文献
19.
几种甘草（Glycyrrhiza）光合特性、形态特征及生物量比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用TPS-2型光合测定仪对乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）、胀果甘草（G.inflata）、刺果甘草（G.pallidiflora）、光果甘草（G.glabra）和黄甘草（G.eurycarpa）栽培植株上部叶片光合日变化特征进行研究,对光合色素、形态和生物量进行测定和分析,并比较上述指标的种间差异,为甘草栽培技术和综合利用模式提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）各种的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和气孔导度日变化均呈“双峰”型,峰值分别出现于12：00和16：00,14：00存在明显的光合“午休”现象;叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度日变化均呈“W”型,峰值分别出现于08：00、14：00和18：00,低谷出现于12：00和16：00;叶片温度日变化均呈“倒V”型,峰值出现于14：00,低值出现于08：00和18：00;且各种上述指标存在不同程度的差异性。（2）各种的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素总量和叶绿素a含量/叶绿素b含量大小各不相同,其中叶绿素a含量存在种间显著差异。（3）各种的主茎分枝数、叶片数、主茎高、主根长、地上部分干重、地下部分干重及总生物量存在一定的差异性。（4）净光合速率日均值与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶面温度日均值和叶绿素a含量正相关,相关系数分别为0.984、0.977、0.927、0.909和0.933,与胞间CO2浓度负相关,相关系数为-0.972。乌拉尔甘草具有较高的光合性能和经济产量,适于在该区大规模推广栽培;胀果甘草、光果甘草和刺果甘草总生物量较大,除地下部分药用外,应加强对其地上部分的开发利用;黄甘草光合性能、经济产量和总生物量均显著低于其他种,但地上部分鲜嫩,建议对其加强畜牧业方面的开发利用。 相似文献
20.
生态区域的界定始终未曾明确,也未曾有对其内涵的具体阐述。经过多年实践建设和发展,出现了许多相关的思想和不同的理解,也在国内外形成了各种不同的生态型发展模式。在相关建设实践中,主要集中在对生态区域的经济、社会、资源、环境、管理的协调发展上。在结合国情的基础上,许多区域都从立法、产业结构调整和鼓励公众参与等方面进行了不懈的努力,寻找合适的发展模式。如加拿大的爱德华王子岛通过政府转移支付,以保护生态环境为首要目标;纽约长岛接受纽约人口和经济扩散,持续自然发展;韩国的济州岛通过交通发展,引入现代服务业,维护生态环境;国内第一爪“生态立省”的海南岛先污染后治理,实行分功能区布局。本文试图通过对这些典型案例建设实践的分析,总结其生态区域建设的经验与教训,对正在进行的上海崇明世界级生态岛建设提供借鉴与启示。 相似文献