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1.
热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构对生态修复的响应 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落以轮虫和小型枝角类为主,往往缺乏大型浮游动物,其影响因子还存在争议,因此通过减少鱼类,提高大型后生浮游动物密度,从而增强对浮游植物的下行控制、修复热带富营养化湖泊的方法受到质疑.暨大南湖位于广州暨南大学校园内,是热带富营养化浅水湖泊,于2014年1—2月实施以鱼类去除和水生植被重建为主的生态系统修复工程,以期改善水质.通过对南湖修复前后水质、后生浮游动物以及修复后鱼类群落的调查分析,研究了后生浮游动物群落对修复的响应.结果表明:与修复前相比,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著降低,透明度显著上升.枝角类丰度和生物量显著增加,修复后初期出现较高密度的大型枝角类蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex),桡足类丰度和生物量没有显著变化,轮虫丰度下降而生物量上升;后生浮游动物体长和生物多样性显著增加.随着鱼类密度的增加,蚤状溞丰度快速降低,后期鱼类减少后蚤状溞丰度又有所升高.因此,本研究显示鱼类是控制热带浅水湖泊大型浮游动物种群的主要因素,由于控制鱼类密度以维持较高大型浮游动物密度较为困难,因此单纯生物操纵在热带浅水湖泊修复中难以取得显著效果. 相似文献
2.
Trophic cascade hypotheses predict that fish will affect the structure and biomass of pelagic plankton communities. In order to investigate trophic cascade effects from fish down to phytoplankton, whole-lake studies were performed in five hypertrophic (mean total phosphorus (TP) concentrations higher than 1000 mg m−3) shallow lakes located in the Pampa Plain. The main climatic characteristic of this region is the alternation between periods of drought and flood, with corresponding changes of lake depth and conductivity of lake water. All lakes were studied from April to December 2000. Samples were taken of their physical and chemical characteristics and biotic communities, focusing on the zooplankton community. Fish were manipulated in four lakes (Capurro, Longinotti, Vedia 1, Vedia 2), while the fifth (Lake Vedia 3) was left undisturbed as a reference system. High abundance of planktivorous minnows (Jenynsia multidentata and Cheirodon interruptus) dominated the fish community in the reference lake. In the manipulated lakes, fish stocks were largely reduced in late autumn (May). During winter, Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 were stocked with a visual planktivore, the pampean silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis, Atherinidae). Fish stocking was 24, 33 and 19 kg ha−1, respectively. In contrast, no fish were stocked in Lake Vedia 2. Following fish removal, large Daphnia appeared in these lakes and grazed intensively on the phytoplankton. In contrast, no Daphnia were found in the reference lake (Vedia 3). The stocking of O. bonariensis in lakes Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 led to a decrease in the percentage of large cladocerans and a rise in the phytoplankton biomass:TP ratio. Moreover, the lakes mentioned were stocked with different quantities of silversides over different periods of time. These differences were reflected temporarily in the plankton dynamics, affecting mainly larger sized zooplankton. Nevertheless, the presence of Daphnia was short lived in the lake where fish had been removed and no O. bonariensis were stocked. Competition for resources and recruitment of remaining fish probably caused a collapse in the zooplankton biomass. Our results support the idea that fish predation on zooplankton and its effect on phytoplankton is very intense in small pampean lakes. Fish removal was short lived, however. This could be because in small pampean lakes fish recolonization is favored, and minnows are highly prolific. Moreover, if manipulation of the trophic structure of lakes is undertaken in the pampean region, high nutrient loading from the watershed, climate and hydrology should also be taken into account. 相似文献
3.
Zooplankton response to the lake restoration in the drinking-water source in Meiliang Bay of subtropical eutrophic Lake Taihu, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A 3-year ecological engineering project was carried out from 2003 to 2005 in the drinking water source in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China. The project area was divided into three zones: Zone C (outside the area), Zone B (pelagic part within the area) and Zone A (littoral part within the area). The community composition, density and biomass of zooplankton were studied as a part in the lake restoration study. Also, the abundance, biomass and composition of fish in the engineering area were annually analyzed in the littoral zone (Zone A). The average density of cladocerans decreased from the outer part to the inner part of the lake, i.e., from Zone C to Zone A, while the average density of copepod did not significantly vary among the 3 zones. The average densities of rotifer and ciliate increased from Zone C to Zone A. RDA analysis indicated that Microcystis biomass more impacted the zooplankton compositions after temperature. In Zone A, many planktivorous fishes, e.g., Coilia nasus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Pseudorasbora parva, dominated the fish community, which caused a marked decrease in the abundance of cladocerans, especially large-sized cladoceran Daphnia galeata and Daphnia obtusa. Our results suggested that both fish predation and other environmental factors such as the Microcystis bloom greatly affected the zooplankton community during the restoration of subtropical eutrophic lakes. 相似文献
4.
从1950s开始, 云南地区部分湖泊受到了水文调控(如筑坝)和鱼类引入等流域开发活动的直接影响, 湖泊水环境与生态系统结构已出现明显改变. 开展浮游动物群落的长期生态响应评价有助于认识气候波动和人为胁迫的影响模式. 本文选取云龙天池进行了沉积物记录分析, 在重建过去100年环境变化历史的基础上开展了枝角类群落的多指标分析(物种组成、个体大小、生物量等), 进一步结合多变量分析识别了枝角类群落构建的关键驱动因子. 结果显示, 云龙天池在过去100年间经历了明显的水位波动, 约1962年以前水位较低, 1950s起的水文调控(筑坝)导致湖泊水位波动上升, 2006年以来略有下降. 枝角类群落随水位波动呈现由底栖种向浮游种占优转变的模式, 并在2006年以来底栖种略有增加. 总体上, 低水位时期底栖枝角类占优, 高水位时期浮游枝角类占优. 水体营养水平也对枝角类群落产生了较为显著的影响. 在沉积物总氮和有机质通量上升时, 长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)相对丰度和枝角类浓度都明显上升. 枝角类象鼻溞个体大小表明, 1969年鱼类引入后象鼻溞的壳长、壳刺长度、触角长度显著减小, 反映了鱼类捕食压力上升的影响. 本研究进一步揭示了水文调控和鱼类引入对湖泊环境和生物群落结构的驱动影响. 其中, 1960s以前云龙天池处于自然波动的状态, 湖泊环境和枝角类群落变化主要受气候(如降水、气温)的影响; 1960s以来人类活动的影响强度已经掩盖了气候变化的信号, 成为影响湖泊生态演化轨迹的主要因素. 为了开展有效的湖泊保护与生态治理, 有必要综合评估水文调控、鱼类引入等人类活动对湖泊生态健康的长期影响. 相似文献
5.
This study showed first results on the geographical distribution of mixotrophic ciliates of the genus Stentor in the Chilean North Patagonian Lake District. Thirteen deep North Patagonian lakes were sampled during 2004 and 2005, and important ecological parameters as nutrients, light climate, chlorophyll a and all plankton groups were analysed. The data were evaluated using correlation, cluster and discriminant function analyses.In four of 13 lakes, Stentor was an important constituent of the plankton community and contributed significantly to the total zooplankton biomass. It coinhabited lakes with calanoid copepods (Boeckella, Tumeodiaptomus) and small cladocerans (Eubosmina, Ceriodaphnia). Stentor was negatively correlated with cyclopoid copepods and large cladocerans. Cyclopoid copepods were a very good predictor to discriminate between lakes with and without Stentor. It is suggested that cyclopoid copepods have top-down impact on Stentor. 相似文献
6.
沉积物再悬浮对食浮游动物鱼类捕食浮游动物的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在亚热带浅水湖泊中,由风浪引起沉积物再悬浮是其重要特征之一.沉积物再悬浮一方面直接影响浮游动物群落结构,另一方面通过影响食浮游动物鱼类对浮游动物的捕食而产生间接影响.以食浮游动物鱼类——餐条(Hemiculter leucisculus)为实验对象,通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮条件下餐条对浮游动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,在有餐条的处理组中,大型枝角类短钝溞(Daphnia obtusa)只在弱再悬浮条件下出现,并成为枝角类群落的优势种;在无餐条的处理组中,短钝溞生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.强再悬浮(无餐条)和无再悬浮(有餐条)条件下,小型枝角类角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和盘肠溞(Chydorus sp.)为优势种.无论有、无餐条条件下,桡足类优势种均为中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops sp.),其生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.所有处理组中,轮虫丰度均低于枝角类和桡足类丰度.研究表明,在亚热带浅水湖泊中,适当的悬浮质浓度既能干扰食浮游动物鱼类对大型浮游动物的捕食,又不影响大型浮游动物的生存,使得它们保持一定的丰度,通过对浮游植物的摄食,降低叶绿素a浓度. 相似文献
7.
A limnological study was carried out in the subtropical Lake Sattal (Kumaun Himalaya) during 1979. The lake was thermally stratified during warm months and a low percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen occurred in the bottom waters. Two maxima of phytoplankton occurred in the Eastern basin in contrast to only one in the Western basin. The peak in the latter developed more than a month (October) after the second peak in the former (August). Bacillariophyceae contributed highest in the Western basin (43.2%) whereas the Dinophyceae had the least share in the Eastern basin (8.0%). Most of the dominant phytoplankters were: Synedra ulna, Fragilaria, Gymnodinium, Crucigenia and Closteridium siamensis. Interestingly, blue-green alga Nostoc, dominated for some time in autumn. A total of 12 genera of rotifers, 6 genera of cladocerans and 1 genus of copepods were found in Lake Sattal basins. Dominant zooplankters included Keratella, Cyclops, Anuraeopsis, Polyarthra and Trichocerca, and there is a high ratio of rotifers to copepods and cladocerans. On comparing the averaged values of both the basins, the Eastern basin showed a 64% larger population of zooplankton than the Western basin. A comparison is made with the plankton of the other subtropical lake-systems of this region. 相似文献
8.
We analyzed cladoceran remains in dated sediment cores from four lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada, to assess the potential effects of climate warming, acidic deposition, and a major fish kill caused by copper sulphate poisoning on assemblage composition and Bosmina size structure. In three of the four lakes, we observed a decline in Daphnia in the early 20th century that might be indicative of limnological changes in response to acidic deposition or increased fish predation. The appearance of the softwater zooplankter Holopedium glacialis in Hirtle Lake ~1995 might be linked to declining aqueous [Ca], a consequence of acidic deposition. No shifts in subfossil Cladocera were identified in this study that could be linked to climate warming. The application of copper sulphate as a fish poison to Trefry Lake (the lake was later re-stocked with trout fry) in 1938 resulted in dramatic and persistent changes in the cladoceran assemblage, where littoral Cladocera declined in relative abundance and small, pelagic Bosmina increased. In addition, we observed a reduction in the mean body size of Bosmina in post-1938 sediments, suggesting that planktivorous fish abundance increased and/or predatory copepods and other invertebrate predators decreased. No recovery of Cladocera to pre-disturbance conditions was observed. Overall, our data suggest that acidic deposition and calcium decline may have had a modest impact on the cladoceran communities in these lakes, but the effects of copper sulphate poisoning on the food web in Trefry Lake were widespread, and still persist over 70?years following this intervention. 相似文献
9.
By enhancing the stock of piscivorous fish in a whole-lake experiment in Gräfenhain (Germany) since 1981 to such an extent that almost all planktivorous fish were exterminated, we examined the concept of “over-biomanipulation”. This hypothesis predicts that (a) extremely strong piscivory will allow uncontrolled development of large invertebrate predators and (b) these invertebrates can exert the same strong predation pressure on large herbivorous zooplankton as planktivorous fish. The hypothesis is tested the first time by a cross-comparison of the long-term response of the plankton community structure in the experimental lake (Piscivore L.) with (1) the intermediate response in the same lake and with (2) that of the long-term state in a nearby reference lake (Planktivore L.) densely inhabited by planktivorous fish (Leucaspius delineatus, a small cyprinid). The intermediate (1989–1992) response in Piscivore L. revealed a strong increase of the abundance of the invertebrate predator Chaoborus flavicans. Large daphnids were able to coexist with C. flavicans so that edible phytoplankton were suppressed and water transparency increased.As part (a) of the hypothesis predicts, the long-term response in Piscivore L. was characterized by the immigration of the larger predator Chaoborus obscuripes which displaced the smaller C. flavicans completely. The results support also part (b) of the hypothesis of “over-biomanipulation”: C. obscuripes-dominated Piscivore L. showed not much difference in biomasses of daphnids and total and edible phytoplankton as well as Secchi depth compared with fish-dominated Planktivore Lake. On the other hand, C. obscuripes-dominated Piscivore L. was characterized by distinctly lower biomass of daphnids, mean body volume of all crustaceans and Secchi depth as well as by higher biomass of edible phytoplankton compared with C. flavicans-dominated Piscivore Lake. We conclude that long-lasting success of biomanipulation cannot be achieved by extremely high piscivory leading to the almost complete extermination of planktivorous fish. 相似文献
10.
M. A. Khan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1987,15(2):167-174
In the two eutrophic shallow lakes there were detected 51 taxa in the zooplankton: 27 rotifers, 14 cladocerans, 6 cyclopoids, 3 calanoids and 1 harpacticoid. In the lake Trigamsar, rotifers prevail at a higher electrolytic content, higher nutrient concentrations and higher primary production and at a transparency depth of 0.4 m, whereas cladocerans prevail in the less eutrophicated lake Naranbagh. In the annual variation, in both lakes rotifers show pronounced spring and autumn maxima, the same applying to copepods, whereas cladocerans have a pronounced summer maximum. In general, at the water surface the zooplankton density is higher than near the bottom. 相似文献
11.
近几十年来,以大型湖泊为代表的云南部分湖泊受人类活动的持续影响出现了生态环境的明显变化.洱海作为云南面积第2大淡水湖泊,经历了多重环境压力(富营养化、外来鱼类引入、水生植被退化等)的影响.在湖泊现代监测数据面临时段较短、缺乏连续记录的背景下,湖泊沉积物的连续记录可以提供湖泊生态环境变化的长期历史并可用于生态响应模式的识别.以目前处于富营养水平的洱海为研究对象,应用湖泊沉积物记录进行多指标分析,探讨多重环境压力影响下洱海枝角类群落的长期变化特征以及影响因素,并与已有研究成果和现代监测数据进行对比,探讨了枝角类群落对环境压力响应的空间差异性.通过分析沉积物枝角类记录,重建了近百年来洱海枝角类群落的变化历史,结果表明过去100年来,枝角类的生物量总体呈增加趋势,尤其从1990年左右开始,象鼻溞生物量显著增加,物种相对组成出现明显变化(如Bosmina longispina被B.longirostris取代).同时象鼻溞的生物量、壳长与触角长度在1990s初期有明显降低的趋势,与同期外来鱼类(如银鱼)引种成功的时间一致.限制性聚类分析结果表明,枝角类群落结构的变化有3个主要阶段:1990s以前,底栖枝角类为群落的主要组成;1990—2000年左右,浮游枝角类(以象鼻溞为主)在枝角类群落结构中的比例迅速增加;从2000年以后,枝角类群落组成以浮游枝角类为主.同时,枝角类数据的主成分(PCA)分析显示,仅有PCA主轴1呈现显著的变化且解释了群落结构变化的61.64%,进一步分析表明水生植被变化可能是驱动枝角类变化的主要环境梯度,如底栖枝角类生物量减少响应了湖泊水生植被的退化.与已有研究对比表明,浅水湖区沉积物记录的枝角类生物量在1970s急剧增加与1980s急剧降低等现象并没有被深水区的沉积物记录所反映,指示了洱海生态系统的变化模式存在空间差异性.同时象鼻溞个体大小的变化模式反映了外来鱼类引入导致的鱼类捕食压力的变化.总之,本文揭示了枝角类群落结构与生物量的长期变化,反映了洱海富营养化过程、水生植被的退化与外来鱼类引入的长期驱动影响,因此对洱海的生态管理与修复工作应考虑多个环境压力的影响并加强对湖泊生态系统的评价. 相似文献
12.
近年来云南高原湖泊面临富营养化、渔业活动增强等多重环境压力的叠加影响,对湖泊的有效治理与生态修复急需对多重压力下生态系统的响应模式进行系统了解.现有研究表明在系统生产力和捕食压力的不同配置下,湖泊系统主要组成(如浮游动物)的响应特征可能出现差异且捕食压力可能随营养水平的变化而改变,目前对云南湖泊生态系统的研究主要集中于单一环境压力下的生态响应.本研究以目前分别处于重富营养和中-贫营养水平的滇池和抚仙湖为研究对象,应用湖泊沉积物记录进行多指标分析,探讨受外来鱼类影响下两个大型湖泊浮游动物长期响应模式的异同.通过象鼻溞生物量与个体大小等指标,重建了近百年来滇池与抚仙湖典型浮游动物的变化历史,结果表明随着湖泊生产力水平(如沉积物色素生产量)的增加,2个湖泊中象鼻溞生物量显著增加,同时物种相对组成出现明显变化(如Bosmina longispina被B.longirostris取代),指示湖泊上行效应对浮游动物的控制作用.同时象鼻溞的生物量、壳长与触角长度的变化在1960s与1980s有明显降低的趋势,与同期外来鱼类(如银鱼)引入与渔业产量增加的时间一致.进一步应用多变量回归分析与方差分解方法来定量评价上行与下行效应对象鼻溞生物量变化的驱动强度,结果表明富营养化(沉积物色素)和捕食作用(象鼻溞壳长)对浮游动物长期变化的驱动强度比较相似(分别解释了生物量变化的77.25%和83.59%),然而在滇池下行效应对象鼻溞生物量的独立影响比在贫营养的抚仙湖中更强(分别为15.46%和10.39%),上行效应对象鼻溞生物量的影响在抚仙湖要明显强于滇池(分别为69.74%和19.67%),而在滇池上行与下行效应的相互作用强度明显强于抚仙湖(分别为42.12%和3.46%).结果表明随着湖泊营养水平的升高,浮游动物的生物量在2个湖泊中均显著增加,而外来鱼类(如太湖新银鱼)的引入和经济鱼类数量的增加加剧了对浮游动物的捕食压力,造成了浮游动物的生物量降低和个体减小.但在快速富营养化的滇池,对浮游动物的捕食压力随营养水平的变化出现较强的依赖性,而在总体处于中-贫营养水平的抚仙湖中此相互作用较弱.结果表明在不同营养水平的大型湖泊中,营养水平的变化幅度可以导致鱼类捕食压力的差异性变化,指示了对鱼类捕食压力的评价和浮游动物长期变化的特征分析需要考虑湖泊的营养水平与富营养化过程的差异.总之,富营养化和外来鱼类的引入导致了高原湖泊生态系统的快速响应与结构变化,因此对高原湖泊的生态修复需要考虑湖泊营养水平对生态系统结构与食物链作用的影响. 相似文献
13.
Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448 mg L−1, and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 μg L−1, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (11 genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes. 相似文献
14.
鲢鳙对浮游动物群落结构的影响 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
1990年4—7月,在武汉东湖运用围圈的方法,研究了鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitriac)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)对浮游动物群落结构的影响。观察表明:在鲢鳙混养的围圈中,原生动物和小型轮虫的数量较多,而甲壳动物和大型轮虫较少。在无鱼的围圈中,结果正好相反。就浮游动物平均生物量而论,无鱼的两个围圈(55.035mg/L和38.374mg/L)比鲢鳙混养的两个围圈(3.028mg/L和3.490mg/L)高得多。甲壳动物(无节幼体除外)的体长频度分布表明:在无鱼的围圈中,大型甲壳动物的频度比有鱼的围圈高得多。围圈实验表明:鲢鳙的摄食促进了浮游动物向小型化方向发展。 相似文献
15.
Patterns of zooplankton–phytoplankton interactions in subtropical lakes of the Southern Hemisphere may deviate from those established for north-temperate lakes. We tested the responses of phytoplankton growth to different community structures of zooplankton and nutrient enrichment in a subtropical Australian reservoir for the prediction of potential outcomes of lake biomanipulation. Two zooplankton communities were created in lake enclosures over 4 weeks: a rotifer-dominated community developed in the presence of planktivorous fish (Hypseleotris spp.) and a Ceriodaphnia-dominated community developed in the absence of fish. Biomass gradients of both communities were established in 20 L containers and several separate containers received no additions (controls) or were enriched with nitrogen and/or phosphorus. The growth rate of total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to nutrient enrichment, indicating nutrient limitation. Most phytoplankton taxa were not markedly affected by grazing of either zooplankton community. However, both communities had significant stimulatory effects on the growth of inedible chlorophytes. The ability of zooplankton grazing to negatively affect phytoplankton growth during the summer was counteracted regardless of zooplankton community structure, possibly by nutrients regenerated by zooplankton. We hypothesise that in the subtropical system studied, changes in food web nutrient recycling may be more important for the outcome of biomanipulation than grazing impacts. 相似文献
16.
《Limnologica》2017
Temperate and tropical shallow lakes differ in several fundamental aspects with respect to management of eutrophication. High altitude tropical shallow lakes are a special case, showing similarities with temperate and tropical lakes. We studied the ecology of the eutrophic high-altitude tropical lake Yahuarcocha in the Ecuadorian Andes and evaluated the potential of biomanipulation to control eutrophication. With a toxin-producing Cylindrospermopsis bloom, low Secchi depth and low submerged macrophyte cover, Yahuarcocha is clearly in a turbid ecosystem state. Relatively low nutrient concentrations should theoretically allow for a shift to a clear water state through biomanipulation. Top-down control of phytoplankton by zooplankton, however, is complicated by the (1) absence of predatory fish, (2) fish community dominated by small poecelid species, (3) lack of a refuge for zooplankton from fish predation within the macrophytes, and (4) persistent, grazing resistant bloom of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis. In these aspects, lake Yahuarcocha is more similar to tropical shallow lakes, probably because water temperature is high relative to the mean air temperature and because of the absence of a cold season. The fish and macrophyte communities consisted almost entirely of exotic species. The exotic fish species probably stabilized the turbid state in the lake. 相似文献
17.
Asit Mazumder D. J. McQueen W. D. Taylor D. R. S. Lean 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(2):144-155
Large lakes enclosures were used to examine the influence of nutrient (P, N) enrichment and planktivorous fish (1 + yellow perch) predation on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion. Results were compared to similar data for lakes with high (Lake St. George) and low (Haynes Lake) abundances of planktivorous fish. In both the unfertilized and fertilized enclosures, fish predation on large cladocerans increased the biomasses of pico- and nanoplankton (0.2–20 µm), phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) and total phosphorus (TP), reduced sedimentation, water clarity, and hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations (AHO). Fertilized enclosures without fish had highest TP and sedimentation rates, but the AHO were low. The high planktivore lake had higher pico- and nanoplankton, higher chlorophyll a, reduced water clarity, and lower AHO than the low planktivore lake. Areal hypolimnetic oxygen depletion (AHOD) rates were strongly related with Secchi depth and plankton size-distribution (r
2 = 0.77, and 0.79, respectively), but not as strongly with TP, chlorophyll a, and sedimentation rates (r
2 = 0.25, 0.53, and 0.02, respectively). Such observations are useful in forming a generalized hypothesis that lakes with low planktivory and high water clarity have lower oxygen depletion because 1) plankton that are settling are larger and spend less time in the hypolimnetic water column before reaching the sediment, and therefore undergo less decomposition, and 2) the euphotic depth extends into the hypolimnion and production of oxygen can take place. 相似文献
18.
利用单船表层单囊拖网于2013年2 12月分别在太湖不同生态型湖区(敞水湖区和草型湖区)采集湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)样品,同时用刺网补充大个体样品.通过胃含物鉴定,分析湖鲚饵料生物的种类及数量季节和湖区间差异,同时测定湖鲚摄食率、肥满度和食物选择系数等.结果显示,湖鲚主要食物为浮游枝角类和桡足类,此外,水生昆虫、轮虫和小型鱼虾也是湖鲚的重要食物来源.湖鲚食物组成季节变化明显,冬季以桡足类的哲水蚤(Calanus spp.)、剑水蚤(Cyclops spp.)为主,夏、秋季则以枝角类的象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)、裸腹溞(Moina spp.)和盘肠溞(Chydorus spp.)为主.不同湖区湖鲚食物种类差异明显,草型湖区水生昆虫、鱼虾较敞水湖区多,桡足类较敞水湖区少.不同湖区间湖鲚食物数量差异明显,敞水湖区湖鲚平均食物数量为788.98±262.4 ind./尾,而草型湖区仅为298.85±71.1 ind./尾.湖鲚主动摄食大型枝角类,如僧帽溞(Daphnia cucullata)、低额溞(Simocephalus spp.)和大型溞(Daphnia magna),选择指数(Ii)介于0.59~1.00之间.小型裸腹溞(Moina spp.)也是湖鲚主动选择的食物(0.62Ii0.95),但湖鲚对桡足类选择性较低,这可能与桡足类较强的逃避能力有关.湖鲚对食物选择性的季节变化明显,如冬季回避透明薄皮溞(Leptodora kindti),而夏季则主动选择,但不同湖区湖鲚对食物的选择差别较小.本研究结果有利于从食物网层面剖析湖鲚种群增长原因,进而通过生物操纵理论对湖鲚种群进行控制,最终为形成合理的湖泊渔业结构和湖泊环境修复提供科学依据. 相似文献
19.
淮南迪沟采煤沉陷区湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构及其影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015年8月-2016年6月对安徽省迪沟采煤沉陷区湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构及环境因子进行了调查,研究了其群落结构及与环境因子的关系.共发现后生浮游动物16科27属53种,其中轮虫38种,枝角类9种,桡足类6种,优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、角突臂尾轮虫(B.angularis)、蒲达臂尾轮虫(B.budapestiensis)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga)、螺形龟甲轮虫(K.cochlearis)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)和透明温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops hyalinus).密度和生物量平均值分别为965.00±541.91 ind./L和3.42±2.17 mg/L.密度峰值出现在2015年2月,而生物量峰值出现在10月,最低值均出现在12月.后生浮游动物密度的空间分布呈现西低东高的趋势,而生物量空间分布呈现西高东低的趋势.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.07~3.22、0.83~1.72和0.67~0.80.冗余分析及Pearson相关性分析结果表明,浮游植物生物量、水温、营养盐等是影响后生浮游动物群落结构的主要因子.综合理化指标、营养状态指数、后生浮游动物优势种及生物多样性指数结果表明,迪沟采煤沉陷区湖泊已处于轻度富营养状态. 相似文献
20.
Anurani D. Persaud Peter J. Dillon 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(2):261-273
Bacteria and phytoplankton are integral in the mobilization and transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels. Hence,
we examined their role in zooplankton diets and assessed trends in their nitrogen isotopic variability. We performed feeding
experiments with natural particulate organic matter (POM) and four zooplankton groups (Daphnia, Holopedium, large calanoids and small calanoids) to (1) examine whether there are differences in consumption (presented as clearance
and ingestion rates) of phytoplankton and bacteria, and (2) determine whether differences in zooplankton clearance and ingestion
rates are correlated with their δ15N isotopic signatures. In general, phytoplankton and bacteria clearance rates and biomass ingested per animal varied significantly
among different zooplankton groups within lakes and between lakes for a given zooplankton group. Within a given lake, Daphnia and Holopedium had the highest phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates, followed by large calanoids, and then small calanoids.
For a given zooplankton group, bacteria and phytoplankton clearance rates varied among lakes. In contrast, phytoplankton ingestion
rates were consistently highest in Dickie Lake for all taxa, whereas bacteria ingestion rates were more variable among lakes
for the different zooplankton taxa. The percentage contribution of different phytoplankton taxa to the biomass of phytoplankton
ingested also varied significantly among lakes for a given taxa, but there were few differences within a given lake among
zooplankton. Zooplankton δ15NDOMC values were correlated with their size adjusted phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates. The correlations
were stronger with (1) phytoplankton compared to bacteria, and (2) clearance rates compared to ingestion rates of biomass.
Together our results suggest that zooplankton taxa with low phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates and higher
δ15NDOMC are likely exploiting food sources from higher trophic levels. 相似文献