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1.
赣江上游河流水化学的影响因素及DIC 来源 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
对赣江上游38 处水体采样点的水化学特征和溶解无机碳稳定同位素的分析, 发现其总溶解质浓度较低, 其中, 阳离子以Na+、Ca2+ 为主, 阴离子以Cl- 和HCO3 - 为主, Si 的浓度较高, 表征了典型硅酸盐地区河流的水化学组成特征。通过海盐校正分析得出, 研究区大气降水对河水溶解质的贡献率为11.5%, 扣除降水的贡献部分, 利用主成分分析的方法, 计算得出赣南流域受硅酸盐岩风化作用强烈, 同时由于受附近盐矿的影响, 蒸发盐岩的风化作用显著。另外, 根据δ13C 溶解无机碳DIC 的测量值约为-8.35‰~-13.74‰, 平均为-11.65‰, 利用质量平衡计算得出, 研究区DIC 的主要来源, 约68.5%来自于土壤CO2, 31.5%来自于碳酸盐矿物的溶解, 进而得出流域岩石化学风化过程消耗的土壤CO2 为2.11×105 mol/yr·km2, 来自碳酸盐本身的HCO3 -含量为9.6×104 mol/yr·km2。由于地理位置和流域环境以及人为因素的差异, 各支流DIC 来源的比例亦有所差异。 相似文献
2.
党河流域敦煌盆地地下水补给与演化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综合应用水文地球化学指标和稳定同位素技术研究了党河流域敦煌盆地地下水补给和演化规律。岩盐、石膏及芒硝等矿物的溶解对Na+、Ca2+、Cl-及SO42-离子浓度影响较大。阳离子交换作用明显,地下水中Mg2+和Ca2+浓度增加,并与碳酸盐发生沉淀,导致HCO3-减少。地下水的δ18O值介于-12.1‰~-7.5‰,δ2H值变化范围为-84.3‰~-61.5‰,指示了盆地不同地带地下水补给来源不同。潜水δ18O和δ2H数值随着地下水径流路径方自西南到东北越来越富集,反映了蒸发浓缩效应,南湖、盆地南部潜水同位素与河水相近,体现了现代补给。相比之下,承压水稳定同位素相对贫乏,指示过去寒冷时期的补给。该研究可以为敦煌区域地下水资源规划和管理提供一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
通过对广东省湛江市湖光岩玛珥湖晚全新世沉积物中叶蜡烷烃（n-C29,n-C31,n-C33）及其碳同位素（δ13C）进行分析,探讨该湖区约3.5 ka BP以来的植被变化历史,重点讨论了人类活动对该区域植被变化可能带来的影响。叶蜡烷烃δ13区C3植物占绝对优势,表现为典型的C在1.7 ka BP以前偏轻,例如长链烷烃碳同位素在1.78 ka BP为-33.27 ‰,表明湖C3型生态系统;在1.7 ka BP之后碳同位素明显快速偏重,在1.63 ka BP为-28.26‰,指示了C4植物出现和C4比例上升的过程。C4植物的出现通常指示气候的干旱化,但是烷烃Paq和ACL指数（平均链长）则显示湖区气候可能在1.7 ka BP后变湿润。通过与研究区甘蔗的同位素和ACL指数的比较分析,推测这一矛盾现象可能与湖区开始有一定规模的甘蔗种植活动有关。 相似文献
4.
哈萨克斯坦是中亚干旱-半干旱地区最大的内陆国家,东部以阿尔泰山、天山与我国相隔,区内河流众多,是该国水资源的主要来源地,额尔齐斯河、伊犁河是中哈两国重要的跨境河流。通过对哈萨克斯坦东部不同区域河水和湖水的主要离子、氢、氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域的水化学和同位素空间分布特征及其对地表水循环的指示意义。结果表明：哈萨克斯坦东部河水离子组成以HCO3-Ca为主,局部有HCO3-Na水型分布。湖水以SO4-Na为主,有少量HCO3-Ca和SO4-Ca型水。研究区内水体Ca2+、Na+、SO42-均表现出南北低中间高的空间特征。河水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-123.46‰～-71.22‰和-16.09‰～-10.21‰,湖水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-97.82‰～-9.20‰和-12.74‰～2.44‰。额尔齐斯河河水与周围补给水体的氢、氧同位素差异显著,表明其主要来源于上游补给。河水和湖水氢、氧同位素关系式分别为δD=7.546×δ18O+3.507和δD=5.737×δ18O-24.14,且河水氢、氧同位素与经、纬度显著相关,反映了明显的内陆效应,而湖水氢、氧同位素的变化则主要反映了水体的蒸发程度,水体氢、氧同位素变化敏感地示踪了该区域水体的来源与循环特征。 相似文献
5.
河流溶解无机碳对于评价区域水环境的碳循环具有重要意义,若能获得古水体DIC的地球化学特征,则可以为重建过去环境变化提供大量基础数据,因此寻找δ13CDIC替代指标十分迫切。对花溪河淡水双壳类河蚬进行了室内养殖研究,结果表明：河蚬壳体碳同位素与生长期间水体δ13CDIC存在显著正相关关系,δ13CDIC是影响δ13Cshell的重要因素,壳体记录了其形成时期水体的信息,δ13Cshell可以用作δ13CDIC定性的替代指标来区分具有不同δ13CDIC值的水环境。由于新陈代谢作用的影响,利用δ13Cshell重建的δ13CDIC值与真实的δ13CDIC值相比,平均偏负约2.00‰,且这种差异随着河蚬年龄的增大而增大,因此δ13Cshell不能够直接用来定量提取水体δ13CDIC。 相似文献
6.
长江口潮滩有机质来源的C、N稳定同位素示踪 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
依据长江河口潮滩自然环境特征和受人文活动影响的差异性,沿长江河口南岸潮滩选取了12个典型的监测站位,并分别于洪水季节 (7月份) 和枯水季节 (2月份) 在各监测站位进行了表层 (0~2 cm) 沉积物样品的采集。对表层沉积物有机质中稳定碳、氮同位素进行分析与测试发现,7月份稳定碳同位素值普遍低于2月份的稳定碳同位素值,其变化范围分别为 -29.8‰ ~ -23.7‰和-27.3‰ ~ -25.6‰;7月份和2月份稳定氮同位素分别为1.0‰ ~ 5.5‰和1.7‰~ 7.8‰。研究区域内,稳定碳、氮同位素的地区分布和季节变化特征揭示,有机质中的稳定碳、氮同位素组成不仅受陆源和海源有机质输入量之间消长变化的影响,同时一系列的生物地球化学过程、人为有机质的输入和沉积物粒度与叶绿素对碳、氮同位素组成均存在不同程度的改造作用。此外,利用稳定碳同位素质量平衡混合模型,还对陆源有机质输入量的贡献率进行了初步定量估算。 相似文献
7.
雅鲁藏布江径流水文规律及水体同位素组成 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
由雅鲁藏布江各站径流量数据和水体的同位素数据,分析了径流的时空分布特点以及大气降水的同位素效应。该区干流流域年平均径流量分布呈从下游到上游逐渐减少的趋势, 且地表径流的年内分配主要集中在夏、秋两季(6-10 月)。流域内大部分雨水和河水样品的同位素组成均落在全球大气降水线δD = 8δ18O +10 的右上方,显示出强烈蒸发的特征。水体同 位素组成区域大陆性效应和高度效应明显,这种分布特征与来自孟加拉湾、怒江方向降水云汽的运移以及青藏高原的地形、气候条件有关。 相似文献
8.
在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采集了东南极米洛半岛不同地点近地面大气样品,在室内分析了样品中CH4浓度及其δ13C值,结果表明:该半岛近地面大气CH4平均浓度为(1.87±0.12)ppm,略高于全球大气甲烷平均浓度;白天10:00和夜间22:00大气CH4浓度的夏季变化呈现较大波动,与气温存在响应关系;其δ13C值变化范围为-39.31‰--37.56‰,平均值为(-38.26±0.52)‰。对米洛半岛及周边不同地点大气CH4浓度及其δ13C的分析结果表明:大气CH4浓度的空间变化范围为1.74-2.56ppm,δ13C值的变化范围为-39.31‰--31.25‰;CH4的δ13C值随其浓度的增加而增加。本文还讨论了影响米洛半岛大气CH4浓度及其δ13C值的因素。 相似文献
9.
长江口潮滩有机质稳定碳同位素时空分布与来源分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过测定长江口潮滩悬浮颗粒有机质和表层沉积有机质在枯水季节 (2006年2月 )和洪水季节 (2006年8月 )的稳定碳同位素值,对有机质潜在来源及局部岸段改造作用进行了分析。结果显示,悬浮颗粒有机质稳定碳同位素值在2月明显低于8月,变化范围分别在-25.8‰~-23.4‰和-25.1‰~-22.9‰,主要是受径流量枯洪季变化和浮游生物生长季节变化两种因素的叠加作用。表层沉积有机质2月和8月的稳定碳同位素分别为-25.0‰~-20.4‰和-24.7‰~-19.5‰,季节变化不明显,主要来自悬浮颗粒物的沉降。除受大背景环境因素影响,局部环境对潮滩有机质也有一定的改造作用,污水、支流河水的输入对悬浮颗粒有机质碳同位素有一定的影响,埋藏的潮滩植物和底栖微藻则对沉积有机质有部分贡献。 相似文献
10.
极端干旱区胡杨生长季水分利用效率变化特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在干旱区的极端环境,植物能否适应当地的极限环境条件,最主要的是看它们能否很好地协调碳同化和水分耗散之间的关系,也就是说植物水分利用效率是其生存的关键因子之一。 就生长季胡杨叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)、胡杨叶片水分利用效率及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,生长季胡杨叶片δ13C值在-28.16‰±0.23‰～-26.82‰±0.22‰间变化,平均值为-27.70‰±0.13‰。胡杨各月水分利用效率在84.81±2.23～(70.97±2.40)μmolCO2·mmol-1H2O间变化,平均值为(75.69±1.31)μmolCO2·mmol-1H2O;胡杨水分利用效率变化趋势是逐渐降低。最高值出现在5月,而后不断降低,7月达到最低值。造成这种变化的原因是叶片营养物亏缺导致的叶片光合速率的减小和气温升高、土壤含水量减小以及地下水埋深加深共同导致的气孔导度的变化。 相似文献
11.
For researching the spatio-temporal variation of the stable isotopic composition of the riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), we had carried out a survey throughout the hydrologic year during which the δ13CDIC of the surface water and its physicochemical pa-rameter were examined along the Xijiang River Inner Estuarine waterway from September 2006 to June 2007. There was a striking seasonal variation on the average δ13CDIC, as the average δ13CDIC in summer (?13.91‰) or autumn (?13.09‰) was much less than those in spring (?11.71‰) or winter (?12.26‰). The riverine δ13CDIC was controlled by decomposed condition of the riverine organic matter linking the seasonal variation of the physicochemical parameter in the surface water according to the correlation analysis which indicated notable relations between δ13CDIC and water temperature (p = 0.000; r = ?0.569) or between δ13CDIC and oxide-reduction potential (p = 0.000; r = 0.646). The striking positive correlation between δ13CDIC and the sampling distance happened in the summer rainy season, while striking negative correlation happened in the spring dry season, indicating that river-sea interaction influenced water physicochemical parameters and controlled the riverine DIC property in the survey waterway. In view of the riverine δ13CDIC decreasing for the decomposition of the ter-restrial organic matter in the rainy season in summer and increasing for the briny invaded zone extending in the spring dry season along the waterway from the Makou gauging station to the Modaomen outlet, the δ13CDIC spatio-temporal variation was closely related to the geographical environment of the Xijiang drainage basin. 相似文献
12.
西江河口段溶解无机碳稳定同位素组成的时空变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
For researching the spatio-temporal variation of the stable isotopic composition of the riverine dissolved inorganic carbon（DIC）,we had carried out a survey throughout the hydrologic year during which theδ^13CDIC of the surface water and its physicochemical parameter were examined along the Xijiang River Inner Estuarine waterway from September 2006 to June 2007.There was a striking seasonal variation on the averageδ^13CDIC,as the averageδ^13CDIC in summer（-13.91‰）or autumn（-13.09‰）was much less than those in spring（-11.71‰）or winter（-12.26‰）.The riverineδ13C DIC was controlled by decomposed condition of the riverine organic matter linking the seasonal variation of the physicochemical parameter in the surface water according to the correlation analysis which indicated notable relations betweenδ^13CDIC and water temperature（p=0.000;r=-0.569）or betweenδ^13CDIC and oxide-reduction potential（p=0.000;r=0.646）.The striking positive correlation between δ^13CDIC and the sampling distance happened in the summer rainy season,while striking negative correlation happened in the spring dry season,indicating that river-sea interaction influenced water physicochemical parameters and controlled the riverine DIC property in the survey waterway.In view of the riverineδ^13CDIC decreasing for the decomposition of the terrestrial organic matter in the rainy season in summer and increasing for the briny invaded zone extending in the spring dry season along the waterway from the Makou gauging station to the Modaomen outlet,theδ^13CDIC spatio-temporal variation was closely related to the geographical environment of the Xijiang drainage basin. 相似文献
13.
2005 年10-11 月中美联合考察队在各拉丹冬峰北部果曲冰川平坦的粒雪盆 (33o34'37.8"N, 91o10'35.3"E, 5720 m a.s.l.) 钻取了一支冰芯, 通过对该冰芯进行多参数定年, 恢复了青藏高原中部各拉丹冬地区近70 年来降水中δ18O 的变化历史。根据冰芯中季风期和非季风期δ18O 值与临近气象台站气温的正相关性, 重建了该地区70 年来的春季和夏季的气温变化。结果表明, 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录的春季和夏季升温趋势非常明显; 根据回归分析, 冰芯中非季风期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于春季气温升高(或降低) 1.3 oC; 季风 期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于夏季气温升高(或降低) 0.4 oC; 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录恢复的春季和夏季气温与北半球春季和夏季的气温变化具有一致的趋势, 但各拉丹冬地区的增温幅度比北半球要大, 同时春季的增温幅度也高于夏季。 相似文献
14.
河流在碳的运输过程中扮演着重要角色。为探究河流筑坝拦截后龙滩水库溶解无机碳(DIC)的来源和变化特征,于2016年7月和2017年1月采集水样,然后分析了河水DIC及其碳稳定同位素(δ13C)值。研究结果表明:(1)δ13CDIC值具有显著的时空差异,表明两个季节影响DIC的主要因素和DIC的来源并不相同。雨季,DIC及其δ13C主要分布在2.04~4.12 mmol·L^-1和-5.52‰^-2.87‰的范围内;旱季,水体DIC为3.33~4.61 mmol·L^-1,而δ13CDIC显著低于雨季为-15.90‰^-9.12‰。雨季,稀释效应显著降低了DIC浓度,由于水体热分层使得DIC在水柱剖面上差异显著,而旱季由于混合作用的影响,在剖面上差异较低。(2)在雨季,河流δ13CDIC较旱季明显偏正,碳酸盐岩的强烈风化输入大量HCO3-是DIC的主要来源。在旱季,DIC和δ13CDIC成反比关系,δ13CDIC在旱季变得更低,其大部分的DIC来自于土壤CO2输入和原位有机呼吸作用。旱季水体热分层消失,混合作用使得底部具有较低δ13C值的含碳水体上涌,并与表水层混合导致其δ13CDIC值低于雨季。这种季节性模式与自然河流不同,而是与湖泊的季节变化特征更为类似,说明河流拦截蓄水后逐渐湖沼化,并显著影响了DIC的循环。 相似文献
15.
雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O 的时空变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过研究2005年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域拉孜、奴各沙、羊村和奴下4个站点降水中的δ18O变化,揭示了雅鲁藏布江流域降水中稳定同位素的时空变化规律.研究显示,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O季节变化明显,高值出现在季风降水之前的春季,而低值出现在季风降水季节,其间降水中δ18O具有明显的"降水量效应";从空间上看,降水中的δ18O从下游至上游递减,造成这种分布特征主要是由于"高程效应"以及水汽远距离输送导致其中的18O被贫化的结果.经计算表明,雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O由于"高程效应"造成的递减率为0.34‰/100m,而水平方向上自东向西由于水汽远距离输送造成的递减率为0.7‰/100km.从季风期间大范围的降水过程来看,降水中δ18O的空间变化主要受"降水量效应"制约. 相似文献
16.
以广西西江黄金水道开发规划为例,采用层次(AHP)分析法,提出了由经济区位、水运能力、综合交通条件和产业发展潜力等4个方面13个因素所构成的评估指标体系,预估西江黄金水道开发规划对区域内各城镇的差异性影响,发现其具有轴向集聚性和轴线分异性,因而不同次区域应因地制宜地采用不同的城镇化发展战略。同时,本文对反映不同的城镇发展战略与重点的"金三角"、"倒T字型"和"中心辐射型"等三种空间结构进行综合比较,认为广西城镇体系规划原来所提出的"中心辐射型"空间结构已不适宜,而"倒T字型"模式和"金三角"模式各有优缺点,可将它们进行组合集成,构建特色鲜明、疏密有致的城镇体系。 相似文献
17.
Evaporation dominates the removal of water from Lake Tanganyika, and therefore the oxygen isotope composition of lake water has become very positive in comparison to the waters entering the lake. The surface water in Lake Tanganyika has remained relatively unchanged over the last 30 years with a seasonal range of +3.2 to +3.5 VSMOW. Water from small rivers entering the lake seems to have a 18O value between –3.5 and –4.0, based on scattered measurements. The two largest catchments emptying into the lake deliver water that has a 18O value between these two extremes. This large contrast is the basis of a model presented here that attempts to reconstruct the history of runoff intensity based on the 18O of carbonate shells from Lake Tanganyika cores. In order to use biogenic carbonates to monitor changes in the 18O of mixing-zone water, however, the oxygen isotope fractionation between water and shell carbonate must be well understood. The relatively invariant environmental conditions of the lake allow us to constrain the fractionation of both oxygen and carbon isotope ratios. Although molluskan aragonitic shell 18O values are in agreement with published mineral-water fractionations, ostracode calcite is 1.2 more positive than that of inorganic calcite precipitated under similar conditions. Ostracode shell 18O data from two cores from central Lake Tanganyika suggest that runoff decreased in the first half of this millennium and has increased in the last century. This conclusion is poorly constrained, however, and much more work needs to be done on stable isotope variation in both the waters and carbonates of Lake Tanganyika. We also compared the 13C of shells against predicted values based solely on the 13C of lake water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The ostracode Mecynocypria opaca is the only ostracode or mollusk that falls within the predicted range. This suggests that M. opaca has potential for reconstructing the carbon isotope ratio of DIC in Lake Tanganyika, and may be a useful tool in the study of the history of the lakes productivity and carbon cycle. 相似文献
18.
Optical and geochemical techniques were applied to sedimentary organic matter from the profundal area of the Eocene Lake Prinz von Hessen, which formed in a pull-apart basin on the Sprendlinger Horst, near Darmstadt, Germany. Variations in total sulphur content (S tot) and total organic carbon content (TOC), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and 13C values of the organic matter were used to reconstruct the lakes filling history. Following an initial rapid deepening phase, open lake conditions developed with HI reaching more than 500 mg HC/g TOC and TOC values up to 40%. The productivity of the lake was probably high and organic matter preservation was enhanced by a stratified water column. As the lake began to fill with sediment and became shallower, TOC and HI values declined, as the lake water was better oxygenated and preservation conditions declined. 13C values between –31 and –27 are controlled by the mixing of aquatic (algae and microbial mats) and terrigenous organic matter (wood, spores, pollen and cuticles). Following a rapid drop in lake level, shallow lake conditions alternated with swamp deposits (lignites) in the basin center. The organic matter preserved during this stage is strictly terrigenous in nature and experienced oxic degradation (HI 100 mg HC/g TOC). 13C values between –26 and –24 are typical for Eocene terrigenous matter. The inferred lake level fluctuations are interpreted to have been controlled by tectonic as well as climatic processes. 相似文献
19.
Water isotopic and hydrochemical evolution of a lake chain in the northern Great Plains and its paleoclimatic implications 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Oxygen isotopes and geochemistry from lake sediments are commonly used as proxies of past hydrologic and climatic conditions, but the importance of present-day hydrologic processes in controlling these proxies are sometimes not well established and understood. Here we use present-day hydrochemical data from 13 lakes in a hydrologically connected lake chain in the northern Great Plains (NGP) to investigate isotopic and solute evolution along a hydrologic gradient. The 18O and 2H of water from the chain of lakes, when plotted in 2H - 18O space, form a line with a slope of 5.9, indicating that these waters fall on an evaporation trend. However, 10 of the 13 lakes are isotopically similar (18O = –6 ± 1 VSMOW) and show no correlation with salinity (which ranges from 1 to 65). The lack of correlation implies that the isotopic composition of various source waters rather than in-lake evaporation is the main control of the 18O of the lakes. Groundwater, an important input in the water budget of this chain of lakes, has a lower 18O value (–16.7 in 1998) than that of mean annual precipitation (–11) owing to selective recharge from snow melt. For the lakes in this chain with salinity < 15, the water Mg/Ca ratios are strongly correlated with salinity, whereas Sr/Ca is not. The poor correlation between Sr/Ca and salinity results from uptake of Sr by endogenic aragonite. These new results indicate that 18O records may not be interpreted simply in term of climate in the NGP, and that local hydrology needs to be adequately investigated before a meaningful interpretation of sedimentary records can be reached. 相似文献