共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 611 毫秒
1.
地震波初至走时的识别在地震勘探、人工地震层析成像以及全球地震层析成像方法研究中起重要作用．初至走时拾取的精度在很大的程度上影响地震层析成像及演的精度．本研究以提高地震波初至走时拾取的精度及定量化程度为目标,利用计算地震道时间序列分数维的方法,实现了地震波初至走时的自动拾取．本文以分形理论为基础,进行了地震道时间序列Hausdorff分数维的计算．计算结果表明地震道时间序列的分数维在初至到达前后具有不同的数值,其变化点能够定量指示出初至走时的位置．本文还给出了利用该方法对实测数据进行初至走时拾取的实例． 相似文献
2.
3.
近地表地层与人类生产生活密切相关,利用地震层析成像方法准确重建浅部地壳速度结构有助于开展高精度地震勘探、探查浅部矿产资源、规避潜在自然灾害,并利于城市地下空间建设.中国大陆地表条件复杂,尤其中西部盆岭结合带地形起伏剧烈,对浅部地壳精确速度建模构成严重挑战.本文系统论述了地震层析成像领域基于高频近似理论的走时成像方法和有限频层析成像方法,阐明两类方法的基本原理、存在问题和发展方向等.依据正演走时有无显式射线追踪,基于高频近似理论的走时成像方法分为传统走时层析成像方法和无射线路径的走时层析成像方法.基于射线追踪的传统走时层析成像方法,在浅层速度强烈变化时,因存在阴影区或多路径现象引起成像失真,严重影响成像效率;而无射线路径的层析成像方法通过程函方程走时场的正传和逆传直接计算敏感核,并利用伴随状态法获得目标函数的梯度,具有快速、稳健的优点.以上两种基于地震射线高频近似理论的走时成像方法由于未考虑地震波频率的带限性,存在波散射、波前愈合及反演约束差等问题.有限频层析成像方法克服了射线理论"无限高频"假设所带来的弊端,已成为重要的研究方向之一.该类方法主要分为射线有限频层析成像方法和基于波动方程的有限频层析成像方法.射线有限频层析成像方法能够提高成像的分辨率,但在方法本质上仍依赖于射线理论,较难处理较复杂的波现象问题;基于波动方程的有限频层析成像方法能准确处理复杂地质问题,提高成像可靠性并能以图像形式直观展示地球内部地震波的速度结构分布,但是该方法在实际应用中强烈依赖于数据中的低频信息及较精确的初始速度模型,其推广应用仍需进一步探索. 相似文献
4.
基于Matlab平台GUI的地震走时层析成像快速实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震走时层析成像是地球物理反演中的成熟方法之一,已在许多领域得到广泛应用,并取得了良好的效果。本文围绕地震走时层析成像GUI的快速实现,首先简要介绍了地震走时成像方法的原理和方法,并基于Matlab软件平台,利用GUI开发环境编写了二维横向非均匀地震走时层析成像图形用户界面（GUI）,实现了方便快捷地反演地震测深资料的速度结构并以人机交互方式快捷灵活地将图像显示出来;结合实际观测资料处理结果表明,本文编制的GUI软件能够有效地实现地震走时层析成像结果的窗口化、图像化和快捷化。 相似文献
5.
在井间地震初至走时层析成像中,随着相邻地质体速度差的增大,使得射线分布不均匀,以及网格剖分不合适,导致层析成像结果不理想.物理和数值模型的井间走时层析成像表明：当速度差超过300%时,层析结果畸变较大;在300%～150%之间时,层析结果较好;低于150%时,层析结果好.在此基础上,提出了井间多尺度初至走时层析成像方法,即对同一模型采用多种网格剖分来同时进行层析成像,以获得研究区域的速度图像.数学和物理模型的井间多尺度走时层析结果表明：该方法很好地兼顾了层析成像的分辨率和精度,极大地改善了井间地震层析成像的质量.即使速度差超过30%,其多尺度的层析结果仍然较好.因此,这种方法具有实际应用的潜力. 相似文献
6.
基于图形结构的三维射线追踪方法 总被引：39，自引：16，他引：23
在地震层析成像研究中,为了克服最小走时射线路径追踪方法存在的问题,对该方法计算过程中的关键步骤进行了改进．在节点走时的计算中引入Ｂｒｅｓｅｎｈａｍ画线算法;在最小走时节点查寻中,结合使用快速排序算法与插入排序算法,替代以往方法中多采用的堆排序算法;所采用的节点设置方式,可以引入速度界面,还可以实现反射波射线追踪．模型计算证明,改进的最小走时射线路径方法具有精度高,速度快的特点,所提出的三维空间反射波射线追踪算法简便易行。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
地震走时层析成像是反演地层各向异性参数分布的有效方法,但是关于地震各向异性介质走时层析成像的研究并不多,其技术远远没有达到成熟的阶段.在野外数据采集时,地表反射波观测方式相对井间和垂直地震剖面观测方式的成本更低,利用qP反射波走时反演各向异性参数具有更加广泛的实用价值.本文实现的TI介质地震走时层析成像方法结合了TI介质反射波射线追踪算法、走时扰动方程和非线性共轭梯度算法,它可以对任意强度的TI介质模型进行反演,文中尝试利用qP反射波走时重建TI介质模型的参数图像.利用qP反射波对层状介质模型和块状异常体模型进行走时反演,由于qP波相速度对弹性模量参数和Thomsen参数的偏微分不同,所以可以分别反演弹性模量参数和Thomsen参数.数值模拟结果表明:利用qP反射波可以反演出TI介质模型的弹性模量参数与Thomsen参数,不同模型的走时迭代反演达到了较好的收敛效果,与各向同性介质走时反演结果相比较,各向异性介质走时反演结果具有较好的识别能力. 相似文献
10.
经典的地震层析成像假定介质为各向同性,通过走时反演确定地球介质的非均匀结构,得到的仅是近似地球模型。如果各向异性较强时,应用基于各向同性假设的层析成像算法,可能导致错误的结果。非均匀与各向异性效应是耦合的,如果仅考虑非均匀效应则各向异性结构可能映射到非均匀结构中造成非均匀速度结构的误差,反之亦然。因此,高分辨率的走时层析成像必须同时考虑非均匀和各向异性两种效应。同时反演非均匀和各向异性结构(即各向异性层析成像),不仅可以获得可靠的各向同性速度结构,同时可以确定各向异性结构。相对于S波偏振分析,体波走时方法基于不同的数据集,能提供独立的地震各向异性观测证据。利用地震走时层析成像方法同时研究介质的非均匀性和各向异性,对于认识地球的结构及动力学过程都具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
11.
12.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
13.
Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
14.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
15.
V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
16.
Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
17.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献
18.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
19.
Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
20.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献