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贵州锦丰（烂泥沟）金矿成矿年代学研究新进展——兼论滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿成矿时代和动力学背景 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
贵州锦丰（烂泥沟）特大型金矿成矿年代学的研究主要集中于20世纪90年代，虽采用了多种测年方法，但所获数据分歧较大，尚缺乏令人信服的高精度测年数据。作者最近运用黄铁矿Re-Os同位素法获得等时线年龄为(193±13) Ma，反映该矿床成矿时代为早侏罗世。通过对比分析滇黔桂“金三角”同类矿床的同位素测年数据和地质特征，认为滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿的大规模成矿发生在从印支期挤压造山向燕山期伸展转变的构造转换期，是后碰撞造山成矿作用的产物。 相似文献
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阿沙哇义金矿床是中国新疆西南天山目前探明的第二大金矿，是中亚造山带南缘"亚洲金腰带"的重要组成部位。野外构造调查表明，研究区在古生代期间经历了由挤压变形发展为走滑伸展两次构造作用，成矿发生在挤压变形到走滑伸展转换时期。运用矿相学、电子探针、扫描电镜及S同位素等方法确定矿床载金矿物、金的赋存状态、成矿物质来源等，结果表明:阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物主要为含砷黄铁矿、部分毒砂。含砷黄铁矿分为沉积成岩期（Py1）、成矿早期（Py2）、成矿期（Py3）；Py2、Py3富As、Te，亏S、Fe，S、As呈明显负相关；Co/Ni比值显示黄铁矿属沉积-热液成因。Au以纳米级"可见"自然金（Au0）形式存在于含砷黄铁矿中。黄铁矿、辉锑矿δ34S为9.5‰~16.3‰，显示成矿流体中硫为海相硫酸盐热化学还原产物，成矿物质来自赋矿地层。矿床属典型的中浅成造山型金矿，矿床埋藏较浅，矿区深部具有很好的找矿潜力。 相似文献
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新疆奇台地区双泉金矿床的成矿时代 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
新疆奇台县双泉金矿床位于东准噶尔地区,成矿带划分属卡拉麦里-达尔布特成矿带（Ⅲ级成矿带）之卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉成矿带（Ⅳ级成矿带）,是新疆重要的金-多金属成矿带。对双泉金矿蚀变矿物绢云母、含金石英脉进行了激光（单颗粒全熔样法）显微探针40Ar/39Ar同位素研究,3个绢云母样品等时线年龄分别为269Ma±9Ma、265Ma±2Ma、260 Ma±4Ma;石英样品等时线年龄为269Ma±8Ma。这些结果表明双泉金矿主成矿期成矿时代为269Ma±9Ma～260Ma±4Ma。东准噶尔地区早石炭世初至晚二叠世大规模陆陆碰撞造山及其后的伸展张弛构造运动期间,发生了2次大规模的构造流体热事件,同位素年龄记录的时间分别约为310Ma和260～270Ma。前者代表早期韧性构造变形期间产生变质流体并初始富集Au元素的时间,地球动力学背景为碰撞造山后期的挤压推覆体系;后者代表本区金矿主成矿期成矿作用发生的时间,是控矿断裂构造脆性变形的时间,地球动力学背景为碰撞造山期后的伸展张弛体系。 相似文献
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江南造山带西南缘石英脉型金矿中毒砂Re-Os同位素定年研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
江南造山带西南缘的贵州东南部地区石英脉型金矿产于低绿片岩相的板溪群浅变质岩中,具有典型的造山型金矿特征。与江南造山带其他造山型金矿一样,其成矿时代具有较大的争议,金矿的形成与造山运动的关系还不清楚,制约了对本区金矿成矿作用的深入研究。本文采集了平秋和八克两个石英脉型金矿中与金成矿作用密切相关的含金石英脉中毒砂样品进行高精度的Re-Os同位素分析,分别得到235±3.4 Ma和410±52 Ma两个Re-Os同位素等时线年龄,八克金矿毒砂样品的年龄误差较大的原因是毒砂中Re含量较低所致,但其中低含量高射性样品计算得到的Re-Os同位素模式年龄仍然与其等时线年龄一致。两个矿床的毒砂Re-Os同位素年龄揭示了江南造山带石英脉型金矿与加里东期和印支期两次陆内造山运动有关,是华南显生宙陆内造山运动的产物。 相似文献
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胶东和小秦岭:两类不同构造环境中的造山型金矿省 总被引：21，自引：13，他引：8
胶东和小秦岭是我国排名前两位的金矿产地,根据对这两个地区的实地野外考察、室内研究及对已有大量研究成果的总结,我们认为胶东与小秦岭地区的金矿床均可归入造山型金矿的范畴,它们分别形成于增生型造山体制和碰撞型造山体制.胶东金矿床形成于早白垩世(130～120Ma左右)与洋壳俯冲(增生)造山相关的活动大陆边缘环境,矿床主要产于中生代花岗岩岩体中,严格受断裂带(NNE向或NE向为主)控制,成矿流体具有低盐度高CO_2含量的特征,He-Ar同位素研究显示成矿过程有幔源物质的加入.综合金矿床及中生代岩浆岩(特别是与成矿近同时的早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩及基性岩脉)的地质地球化学特征与成岩成矿动力学,我们提出在俯冲的太平洋板块后退的背景下,胶东地区增厚地壳中的榴辉岩相下地壳及下伏岩石圈地幔发生两阶段拆沉,强烈的壳幔相互作用最终导致了早白垩世普遍的岩浆活动及金的爆发成矿的模式.小秦岭地区金矿床主要以大型含金石英脉的形式产出于太华群变质基底的脆性-韧性剪切带(EW向为主)中,而与区域内燕山期大型花岗岩岩基没有直接联系,矿床地质特征(如低盐度高CO_2,以变质流体为主的成矿热液)与造山型金矿吻合,He-Ar同位素特征表明金矿床形成时有幔源物质的加入.小秦岭地区脉状Au-Mo矿床印支期成矿年龄(215～256Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os)表明印支期是小秦岭地区金成矿的主要时期,小秦岭金矿属于陆陆(华北与扬子)碰撞造山过程中形成的造山型金矿. 相似文献
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哀牢山造山带金矿成矿时序及其动力学背景探讨 总被引：50，自引：41，他引：9
哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山造山带金矿成矿作用的同位素定年结果,探讨了成矿年代学与构造-热事件的关系,厘定了其相关的地球动力学背景。已获得的最老成矿年龄集中于海西期,但过剩氩的存在导致视年龄值偏离真实成矿年龄,而最小视年龄(345.2±16Ma)与区域蛇绿岩的形成同时;含镍金黄铁矿硅质岩的含金量可能与热水沉积有关,其地球动力学环境对应于海底扩张和初始洋盆的形成。印支期是区域主碰撞造山高峰期,也是大规模岩浆活动与Cu-Ni-Pt-Pd硫化物矿床、VMS型Cu-Pb-Zn矿床及斑岩型Cu-Au矿床成矿集中期,其中老王寨金矿含金黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为229±38Ma。燕山期成矿年龄数据分散于180Ma、135Ma、110Ma和90Ma左右等多个时段,其中最晚时段年龄谱的最小视年龄值(91±1Ma)可能代表了一次较为重要的构造动力体制转换,该期(约90~70Ma)的区域成岩成矿(斑岩及斑岩型Cu-Mo-W-Au矿床)规模较大,表明增生造山→碰撞造山构造体制转换在研究区存在重要的成岩成矿响应。喜马拉雅期可能经历了早(63.09~61.55Ma)、主(36.10~33.76Ma)和晚(30.80~26.40Ma)三期金矿成矿-热事件,分别受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压、早-晚期转换构造动力学体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关。 相似文献
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造山型金矿床具有重要的经济价值,其成矿理论研究对金矿勘查和矿床学学科发展具有重要意义。华夏地块是我国重要的钨- 锡- 银- 铅- 锌多金属成矿带,近年来在华夏地块的变质地体中发现数十处造山型金矿床和矿化点,为该区的成矿理论研究提供了新的课题。较之区域钨锡等多金属矿床的研究程度,造山型金矿床成矿作用研究较为薄弱,尚未进行系统的成矿作用和成因机制总结。华夏地块内发育的造山型金矿床主要包括东华夏武夷山地区的双旗山和何宝山金矿,西华夏云开地区的河台与海南岛的抱伦金矿等。本文重点对上述四个典型矿床的地质- 地球化学特征、成矿时代、成矿流体和成矿物质来源等方面已有数据和文献资料进行系统的归纳总结,以期阐明华夏地块造山型金矿床的时空分布规律、成矿机制和地球动力学背景。研究发现,华夏地块造山型金矿床主要发育浸染状与石英- 硫化物型矿化,金矿体主要赋存于前寒武纪变质地体中,受脆- 韧性剪切带控制。成矿流体为H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4±N2体系,主成矿阶段成矿温度集中于220~280℃,成矿流体可能具有变质、地幔或岩浆热液来源;而流体不混溶、热液体系氧逸度升高和铋熔体捕获是金沉淀的重要机制。华夏地块存在加里东期、印支期和燕山期三期造山型金成矿事件,分别对应陆内造山、古太平洋板块俯冲及后撤的地球动力学背景。 相似文献
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造山型金矿是全球重要的金矿类型。造山型金矿包含三种类型:产于绿岩带的含金石英碳酸盐脉、产于浊积岩中的含金石英脉和产于条带状铁矿(BIF)中的含金石英脉。造山型金矿的形成受板块构造控制,处于压缩或者转换挤压的造山构造环境。造山型金矿中的绿岩带金矿主要受剪切带、转换断层控制,浊积岩型金矿受褶皱和层间走滑断层控制,而赋存于BIF中的金矿则受剪切带和断层所控制。在这些金矿床中发现了4类流体包裹体:H_2O-CO_2型、富CO_2型、气液包裹体和含Na Cl子矿物的包裹体。所有年代的造山型金矿成矿流体的成分均为低盐度的水溶液和富CO_2的流体,温度在200~400℃范围内。稳定同位素研究表明造山型金矿的成矿流体源自变质流体和岩浆流体。金在成矿流体中的络合物应为Au HS~-或Au H_2S。虽然成矿流体中有丰富的CO_2,但Au在CO_2流体中的溶解度很低,有丰富的CO_2时Au在H_2S中的溶解度增大。流体包裹体研究表明,Au的成矿流体是Na Cl-H_2O-CO_2体系的流体,并在成矿过程中发生了相分离,即Na Cl-H_2O-CO_2流体分成两个流体:H_2O-Na Cl和CO_2-H_2O,Au的沉淀是在这种相分离过程中发生的。 相似文献
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马家洼金钼矿床位于小秦岭北缘,矿体发育在由近东西向脆韧性断裂构造带控制的石英脉中。对该矿床辉钼矿样品进行的Re-Os同位素年代学研究表明:模式年龄范围是232.5～268.4 Ma,等时线年龄为(232±11)Ma,即钼成矿作用时代为早、中三叠世。辉钼矿样品的Re含量范围是(0.474～0.791)×10~(-6),初始~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为2.4±6.4,Re-Os同位素组成特征指示了成矿物质主要来源于地壳。马家洼石英脉型金钼矿床是区域伸展体制下构造-流体成矿事件的产物。在华北板块南缘太古宙基底岩系中的脆韧性断裂构造带中寻找印支期和燕山期石英脉型金钼矿床和钼矿床是一个新的找矿方向。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献