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PARAMETERIZATION OF MOBILIZATION AND TRANSPORT OF SAND-DUST DURING BLACK STORM AND MESOSCALE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS* 
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下载免费PDF全文 The typical black storms or sand-dust storms in the northwestern China are generated and developed through an interaction between the specific large scale circulation pattern and mesoseale systems.The passing by/over a huge sand-abundant desert of a strong cold front with intensive frontal zone at mid and lower levels is a necessary condition for the formation and development of a black storm or a severe sand-dust storm.In order to investigate the mechanism of the sand-dustmobilization,transport and sedimentation during the black or sand-dust storms,a parameterization scheme of sand-dust source-sink terms and an equation of transport for the sand-dust were proposed and incorporated into the MM4 mesoscale model.The modified MM4 model was applied to the "May 1993" black storm case and succeeded in reproducing the evolution of the weather systems associated with the black-storm,the sand-dust concentration at surface layer and its vertical distribution,and the sand-dust sedimentation and transport.Our results show that the numerical simulating method by using a mesoscale model,with inclusion of an equation of the sand-dust transport and a parameterization scheme of the sand-dust source-sink terms,is a promising approach to study the mechanism for sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during a sand-dust storm event. 相似文献
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为了得到沙尘粒子和沙尘质量浓度的实时定量特征,利用Grimm180粒子仪在塔克拉玛干沙漠对沙尘暴进行了实时观测。通过分析Grimm180粒子仪在2018年5月20日和24日两次沙尘暴过程观测的数据得到:在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴期间,PM2.5的质量浓度值随时间变化不大,一般PM2.5浓度值<1500μg·m-3,而PM10在不同阶段的变化比较明显,数值在2000~6000μg·m-3。沙尘粒子谱和沙尘质量浓度谱的分布形状在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴基本相同,当粒子直径>0.35μm时,粒子数浓度随直径的增大近似符合M-P分布。从浮尘到扬沙再到沙尘暴,小粒子区(D≤1μm)的占比越来越小,而中粒子区(1μm10μm)的粒子数越来越多并且占比越来越大。当粒子直径为0.35μm左右时,粒子数浓度达到最大值;当粒子直径在25~32μm时,沙尘质量浓度的值最大。在浮尘和扬沙阶段,PM2.5/PM10>25%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数大约是4×105,最大沙尘质量浓度<20μg·L-1。在沙尘暴阶段,PM2.5/PM10<15%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数>5×105,最大沙尘质量浓度>25μg·L-1。这些结论为准确地分析沙尘暴的定量特征提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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黑风暴的沙尘形成与输送参数化及中尺度数值试验 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
西北地区典型黑风暴和强沙尘暴都是在特定大尺度环流背景和中尺度系统相互作用下发生和发展的，而中、低空强锋区相伴的强冷锋移经沙源充足的大沙漠区是黑风暴和强沙尘暴形成和发展的必要条件。为了研究黑风暴和沙尘暴的沙尘形成、输送及沉降机制，本文提出了一种沙尘源、汇项的参数化方案和一个沙尘输送方程，进而引入已有的ＭＭ４中尺度数值模式模拟系统；应用这个改进和发展的模式模拟系统基本成功地模拟了“９３．５”黑风暴的天气系统演变及其沙尘浓度的近地层和垂直分布以及沙尘的沉降与输送。模拟结果分析表明，用包括沙尘输送方程及其沙尘源、汇项参数化方案的中尺度数值模式来研究黑风暴的沙尘形成、输送和沉降机制是一种具有应用前景的方法。 相似文献
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The oscillation of multi-time scales and the process of transition between cold and warm periods over most parts of China and its 6 regions (the Northeast,North China,Changjiang River Valley,South China,the Southwest,the Northwest) were analyzed with wavelet transformation and by computing the variances of the wavelet components for the temperature grade series during January 1911 to February 2001,The prediction model for cold and warm periods has been developed and the trend of cold and warm change in the coming 10 years is predicted.The results show that the oscillation with periods of around 30-40 years was the strongest in the last 100 years and the 3-year oscillation in both winter and summer was also stronger,especially in winter.The transition time of cold and warm periods in terms of winter mean did not coincide with that of annual mean,but the difference between summer mean and annual mean is less.The processes of transition of 6 regions are somewhat different,their main characteristics are that the beginning year of significant warming for 1980s to 1990s was very different for the southern and the northern part of China.It is found that the stronger oscillation with 3-year period causes cooling in Northeast China in recent several winters.The experimental predictions show that the models used in the paper can project the major transition between high and low temperature periods. 相似文献
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台风Haitang和Matsa引发浙江暴雨强度和分布的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2005年两个严重影响浙江台风Haitang和Matsa为研究对象,首先对两次台风暴雨过程在强度和落区上的相似和差异进行了比较,指出两者都给浙江带来了大范围的暴雨天气,并且最大降水中心都出现在台风登陆点北侧;虽然Haitang先在福建登陆、且登陆时强度不及Matsa,但其雨量明显大于后者。然后从台风的强度、移速、结构、环境场、地形等多个方面对两次台风暴雨过程进行了比较分析,结果表明:台风暴雨的非对称分布与台风结构、水汽输送、地形密切相关。高温高湿在台风的北侧表现得比南侧更为强烈,水汽含量也更为丰富。Haitang降水量大于Matsa则是多种因素共同作用的结果,弱冷空气的侵入、动力场上较Matsa减弱得更为缓慢,均有利于降水的增加和持续;Haitang影响前控制浙江气团的“冷场”性质和影响期间移速缓慢也对暴雨增幅起到了促进作用。 相似文献
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Study was carried out on two landfall typhoons Haitang and Matsa, which affected Zhejiang province seriously in 2005. Firstly, the similarity and difference between the two typhoon-induced heavy rains were compared and it was pointed out that both of them brought strong large-scale precipitation and the maximum centers of rainfall were located on the north side of the landfall site. Making landfall on Fujian, Haitang was weaker than Matsa in intensity but surpassed it in rainfall. Then with focus on intensity, moving speed, structure of typhoon, circulation and terrain, the two typhoon-related heavy rains were compared and analyzed. Results show that the asymmetrical distribution of rainfall was closely related to the structure of typhoons themselves, moisture transportation and mesoscale terrain. In contrast to the south side, the north side was hotter and wetter and water vapor was also more abundant. The phenomenon of more rainfall induced by Haitang was in connection with the following reasons. Invading cold air led to rainfall increases, weakened dynamic field and slower movement both benefited precipitation. For the last part, the cold characteristic of air mass over Zhejiang was also a favorable factor for the rain. 相似文献
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本文以罗斯贝方程和爱因斯坦的引力波方程为例,讨论线性化和形式分析构成的物理实在性的失落,及相应“长波”和“引力波”理论存在的问题。 相似文献
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本文利用苏州市二院和苏州中医院1990-1995年住院病例资料，研究肠道感染，病毒感染的年龄、季节分布特征及其肠道发病住院与气象要素变化的关系，以求探索一定规律、指标供防病保健对策应用。 相似文献
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从历史时期森林变迁,林业与气候、经济林果适宜种植区、草场与气候、卫星遥感技术应用和森林防火服务方面综合了甘肃省关于林草科学研究和业务的进展,可供西北大开发参考。 相似文献
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一种经验建模的客观分型方法及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍一种应用常规历史天气图资料进行天气学客观分的思路和方法,首先建立某种天气 若干环不充模型,然后确定各模型的判别条件和顺序,由计算机进行自动分型,和到各环流型样本,实现客观分型。此方法于威海市冬季分区降水预报系统 天气分型,卫水模型物理意义明确,识别近前和,系统自动化。指出了天气分型在数值预报产品释用中的重要性及应注意的问题。 相似文献
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中国月平均降水场的时空相关特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文通过对我国1951～1984年月平均降水资料的分析,给出了我国东部降水的空间分布具有三种类型,一种类型是长江流域多雨,华南和华北及东北少雨;另一种类型与此型相反;第三种类型为正常型,降水距平百分率全场都很小。并指出了长江中下游地区降水时间特征具有明显的半年韵律现象,冬季1月和12月的降水可以作为6～8月降水的信息期。同时还表明在1951～1984年中9个ElNino年的下一年6～8月汛期降水具有不完全相同的类型。 相似文献
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梅雨锋云系内对流回波与层状回波的研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
本文利用1998年“淮河流域能量与水分循环试验（HUBEX）”所获得的大量雷达资料及遥测雨量计计资料，细致分析了淮河流域梅雨锋云系的结构，根据层状云和对流云在雷达回波图中的不同特征，本文提出用松散系数D（反映云系结构疏松程度）来区分大范围云带中的降水云类型，同529张PPI资料统计表明，若D＞0．17则说明该区结构松散，降水属于层状云降水，D≤0．17时，云区是对流性降水，由于梅雨锋水具有明显的不均匀结构特征，其中锋面对流云带和强下挂回波带是造成强降水的主要原因，在用地面雨量资料和雷达资料对地面降水进行短时（3小时以内）校正时，针对不同的降水类型采用不同的Z－R关系比用同一种Z－R关系的校正精度大约提高4％。 相似文献
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