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在祁连山木里天然气水合物发现区,进行水合物地球化学勘查方法技术试验,试验结果表明:水合物发现区浅表土壤层,具有明显的深部热解气成因的烃类气体异常。地球化学测井剖面研究显示:在深层冻土中烃类气体以渗滤作用为主进行垂向运移,达到近地表土壤层中则以扩散作用向上迁移,最终在浅表沉积物中形成地球化学异常。 相似文献
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埕宁隆起北斜坡的地表油气地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据甲烷碳同位素法和烃类比值法分析判断该区地表烃类异常主要由深部油气活动所产生。各地球化学指标特征均具有北强南弱的特点 ,表明油气运移方向是由北向南 ,油气来源于北部的黄骅坳陷 相似文献
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皖北两个奥陶系剖面岩溶岩地球化学特征对比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
安徽北部两个不同埋藏环境的奥陶系剖面岩溶岩的常量成分、微量元素、稀土元素及同位素地球化学特征的对比分析表明,两剖面岩溶岩地球化学特征差异明显: 肖县裸露剖面的Si、Ti、Al、Fe、Mn 等含量高于刘桥深埋藏剖面呈聚集趋势,而Ca、Mg、Na 等较低呈迁出趋势;裸露剖面的所有微量元素及稀土元素含量均低于刘桥剖面;裸露剖面的氧同位素组成比埋藏剖面轻,而碳同位素略重。这充分表明岩溶作用环境与碳酸盐(岩溶)岩的地球化学特征密切相关,岩溶岩可保存记录有能指示岩溶发育环境的地球化学特征的信息。这一认识对运用定量指标(岩溶岩地球化学特征)恢复古(岩溶作用)环境特征提供了依据。 相似文献
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为探讨华北地区生油岩系石油卟啉地球化学问题,笔者以东营盆地第三系沙河街组为对象,研究了沙三段不同埋藏深度(剖面Ⅰ)和不同沉积相带(剖面Ⅱ)。另外,还在济阳、临清两坳陷选作了120个岩样和225个原油样品,通过分析研究,从沉积条件、有机质转化、生油岩卟啉特征等方面,探讨石油卟啉的若干地球化学问题。 相似文献
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稀有气体氦(He)、氖(Ne)是天然气水合物中的痕量组分,其化学性质稳定,在地质作用过程中其丰度变化几乎不受复杂化学反应和近地表微生物的影响。顶空气He、Ne地球化学勘查方法可以排除沼泽区微生物的强烈干扰,提高包括天然气水合物在内的油气近地表地球化学勘查的效用及精度。选择祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物矿区进行试验研究,获得近地表土壤顶空气He平均含量为799×10-6,Ne平均含量208×10-6,均高于其在大气中的丰度。稀有气体He、Ne具有很强的穿透能力,平面上,在已知水合物矿藏和水合物远景区上方具有明显的地球化学顶部异常特征;钻井地球化学垂向剖面上,水合物富集层位上方具有明显的上置气异常特征。顶空气He、Ne近地表平面异常和钻井岩屑剖面异常特征证实,祁连山水合物形成过程中烃类气体发生了分异和垂向微渗漏,其携带笼中的稀有气体He、Ne以“类气相”地气流形式垂向迁移。试验证明,顶空气He、Ne异常对木里天然气水合物矿藏具有良好的指示作用。顶空气He、Ne勘查方法是冻土区水合物地球化学勘查技术的有效补充。 相似文献
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黔西北矿集区是川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区的重要组成部分,也是贵州省主要的铅锌资源产地。目前,地表和浅埋藏的铅锌矿体已几乎开采殆尽,找矿目标已转入被厚层基岩所覆盖的深部隐伏矿,常规的地球化学勘查方法难以获取深部隐伏矿信息,找矿效果不理想。本文利用在黔西北大坪子铅锌矿区开展土壤有机烃结合金属活动态的深穿透地球化学勘查技术方法试验,对烃类组分和金属元素活动态产生的异常进行研究,评价该技术方法的应用前景。结果显示,大坪子铅锌矿区土壤中烃类组份发育对偶双峰式和多峰式异常,金属活动态在矿体上方和断裂构造地表出露位置有清晰的异常显示,土壤有机烃和金属活动态可以有效地指示断裂构造,并很好地反映深部隐伏铅锌矿体信息。通过综合分析,在大坪子铅锌矿区12号剖面和16号剖面上共预测2个异常靶区,经钻探工程验证,发现1个铅锌矿体,矿体厚1.33m,Zn品位为2.24%,Pb品位为0.44%,推测为Ⅱ-11矿体往深部的延伸。应用实例表明,土壤有机烃结合金属活动态的深穿透地球化学勘查技术可用于黔西北地区铅锌矿的深部找矿预测,对隐伏铅锌矿的找矿勘查工作具有较好的指导意义和应用前景。 相似文献
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三种植物受烃类微渗漏引起生态及光谱变化的模拟试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三种植物受烃类微渗漏引起生态及光谱变化的模拟试验研究何在成,吕惠萍,王云鹏（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所．广州５１０６４０）关键词烃类微渗漏,叶绿素含量,反射光谱,模拟试验油气藏烃类微渗漏弓愧地表物质产生物理化学异常主要有下列几项指标［１］：土壤烃组... 相似文献
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本文用近代有机地球化学方法(如红外光谱、气相色谱、质谱和色谱-质谱联用仪等)研究了阜新煤田主要煤层中的镜煤和丝炭的有机地球化学特征、研究结果表明两者均具有共同的高等植物母质来源,但形成于不同的环境,尤其是在氧化还原条件上:丝炭形成于相对氧化环境;而镜煤则在相对较还原的条件下形成的。镜煤和丝炭热解过程中产生的烃类主要是甲烷和其他气态烃,C_5~+-烃类的含量一般不超过10％,从而证实镜煤和丝炭可以是良好的生气母质,但不是好的生油母质。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献