共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
本文分别以非接触式测量与三维裂隙网络模拟技术对汶川县绵虒镇大溪沟沟口高陡斜坡的结构面系统进行了深入研究。以无人机、数字近景摄影测量与三维激光扫描方法建立了现场斜坡的三维DEM模型并识别与解译了斜坡的结构面系统。尤其是采用无人机与近景摄影测量技术,识别并解译了整体斜坡的长大控制性结构面与坡面上的6663条随机构造结构面。基于以上数据,本文提出了一种适用于高陡斜坡分析的超大窗口三维裂隙网络模拟方法,采用概率统计与空间几何推导的方法,建立了岩体三维结构面的直径、产状与密度计算方法。这种方法更加简便且针对性强,现场验证也表明其具有较高的模拟精度。 相似文献
2.
Geologic Stochastic Modeling and Connectivity Assessment of Fracture Systems in the Boston Area 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
Summary
The MIT stochastic model for representing fracture patterns has been applied to the Boston area. The model is a geometric-mechanical
model, which means that underlying mechanisms are geometrically represented. In this paper the model is calibrated by comparing
the fracture spacing and trace length simulated by the model with data collected by Billings (1976) in a number of tunnels
in the Boston area. Following this, geometric fracture connectivity is investigated. This is done by recording in the model
simulations, the number of interconnected fractures in so called sub-networks and by recording the geometric extents of these
sub-networks. The results indicate limited horizontal but large vertical connectivity. 相似文献
3.
Wang Mingyu The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing Chen Jinsong Wan Li Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)
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4.
DNAPLs本身的化学性质、裂隙的几何性质以及泄漏条件等影响重非水相流体（DNAPLs）在裂隙介质中的运移和分布。针对DNAPLs的运移规律研究多集中在孔隙介质和单裂隙中,在随机网络裂隙中的研究较少。本研究生成随机网络裂隙是基于蒙特卡罗方法,运用像素扫描识别并输出裂隙的坐标和宽度,然后采用PetraSim模拟四氯乙烯(PCE)在随机网络裂隙中的运移,探讨裂隙宽度空间变异性和泄漏条件（包括泄漏速率和泄漏位置）对DNAPLs运移的影响。数值模拟结果表明:DNAPLs的空间展布和运移路径受裂隙宽度空间变异性影响,随着网络裂隙中裂隙宽度空间变异性增大,出现优势通道,DNAPLs运移的速率加快,DNAPLs的质心位置和饱和度空间分布发生明显变化;DNAPLs的运移速率和空间展布受泄漏速率影响,泄漏速率越大,DNAPLs运移速率越快,模型底部蓄积的DNAPLs的饱和度越大,DNAPLs的空间展布也越大;同一网络裂隙中,泄漏位置不同,导致DNAPLs的运移路径及分布范围不同,不同的泄漏位置重力方向裂隙空间变异性不同,导致DNAPLs运移路径和空间展布各不相同。研究结果可以丰富裂隙介质中DNAPLs运移机理研究,为裂隙介质中DNAPLs污染修复提供模型参考。 相似文献
5.
Stochastic continuum modeling of flow and transport in a crystalline rock mass: Fanay-Augères,France, revisited 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A stochastic discrete-fracture model was used by Cacas et al.a,b to interpret flow measurements and transport experiments in a fractured crystalline rock mass at Fanay-Augères. They considered continuum models to be incapable of properly interpreting small-scale measurements or tracer tests in fractured systems, which, in their view, require three-dimensional modeling of numerous discrete channels; in their opinion, continuum modeling applies only to average flow on a relatively large scale. Cacas et al. considered their discrete fracture model to have been validated by its demonstrated ability to reproduce selected experimental results. In this paper, flow and transport at Fanay-Augères are modeled by viewing the fractured rock as a stochastic continuum in a manner originally proposed by Neumanc,d. The stochastic continuum approach obviates the need for detailed information about fracture geometry or assumptions about how individual fractures control flow and transport. All it requires is the delineation of a few dominant features, which can be embedded into the stochastic continuum model as heterogeneous porous slabs. Though a fault zone has been identified at the Fanay-Augères experimental site, it has been modeled neither by Cacas et al. nor in this paper. In fact, in this paper, a larger selection of experimental results than those considered by Cacas et al. are reproduced merely by modeling the rock as a statistically homogeneous continuum in two dimensions. These results demonstrate that a continuum approach may be well suited for the analysis of flow and transport in fractured rock. This does not constitute a validation of the continuum approach, just as the results of Cacas et al. fall short of validating the discrete fracture approach. Instead, the two sets of results illustrate jointly the well-established principle that an open system, especially one as complex as fractured hydrogeologic environments tend to be, cannot be described uniquely on the basis of sparse data and need not be described in great detail to capture its salient behavior by a model.a Cacas MC, Ledoux E, de Marsily G, Barbreau A, Calmels P, Gaillard B, Margritta R (1990a) Modelling fracture flow with a stochastic discrete fracture network: calibration and validation. 1. The flow model. Water Resour Res 26(3):479–489b Cacas MC, Ledoux E, de Marsily G, Barbreau A, Calmels P, Gaillard B, Margritta R (1990b) Modelling fracture flow with a stochastic discrete fracture network: calibration and validation. 2. The transport model. Water Resour Res 26(3):491–500c Neuman SP (1987) Stochastic continuum representation of fractured rock permeability as an alternative to the REV and fracture network concepts, in Rock Mechanics. In: Farmer IW, Daemen JJK, Desai CS, Glass CE, Neuman SP (eds) Proceedings of the 28th U.S. Symposium, Tucson, Arizona. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 533–561d Neuman SP (1988) A proposed conceptual framework and methodology for investigating flow and transport in Swedish crystalline rocks. SKB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm, September, Arbetsrapport 88–37, 39 pp 相似文献
6.
Tao Chen Christoph Clauser Gabriele Marquart Karen Willbrand Thomas Hiller 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(6):1903-1916
Upscaling permeability of grid blocks is crucial for groundwater models. A novel upscaling method for three-dimensional fractured porous rocks is presented. The objective of the study was to compare this method with the commonly used Oda upscaling method and the volume averaging method. First, the multiple boundary method and its computational framework were defined for three-dimensional stochastic fracture networks. Then, the different upscaling methods were compared for a set of rotated fractures, for tortuous fractures, and for two discrete fracture networks. The results computed by the multiple boundary method are comparable with those of the other two methods and fit best the analytical solution for a set of rotated fractures. The errors in flow rate of the equivalent fracture model decrease when using the multiple boundary method. Furthermore, the errors of the equivalent fracture models increase from well-connected fracture networks to poorly connected ones. Finally, the diagonal components of the equivalent permeability tensors tend to follow a normal or log-normal distribution for the well-connected fracture network model with infinite fracture size. By contrast, they exhibit a power-law distribution for the poorly connected fracture network with multiple scale fractures. The study demonstrates the accuracy and the flexibility of the multiple boundary upscaling concept. This makes it attractive for being incorporated into any existing flow-based upscaling procedures, which helps in reducing the uncertainty of groundwater models. 相似文献
7.
采用渗流力学理论并结合Monte Carlo方法描述岩体裂隙的随机分布,研究渗流模型的尺寸效应并确定表征单元体积（REV）,得到了3种开口度分布形式的等效渗透系数椭圆曲线,建立了等效渗透系数方向性的判别标准。离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型假定流体只在岩体裂隙内部流动,而不通过岩体本身渗流。基于二维离散元程序UDEC并进行二次开发,建立DFN模型,通过改变流体的流动方向,得到不同流动方向下岩体裂隙网络的等效渗透系数,并分析不同的开口度分布形式对岩体裂隙网络等效渗透系数方向性的影响。计算结果表明,表征单元体积存在的条件是等效渗透系数保持稳定且渗透椭圆比较光滑。等效渗透系数的方向性受开口度分布形式的影响很大：当开口度-长度关联分布时,等效渗透系数各向异性;当开口度对数正态分布时,等效渗透系数各向同性;当开口度恒定分布时,等效渗透系数的特性介于二者之间。变化系数（CV）是否大于5%是判定岩体裂隙网络渗透系数是否具有方向性的判别标准。 相似文献
8.
基于离散裂隙网络模型的裂隙水渗流计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
离散裂隙网络模型(Discrete Fracture Network（DFN）)是研究裂隙水渗流最为有效的手段之一。文章根据裂隙几何参数和水力参数的统计分布,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟技术生成二维裂隙网络,基于图论无向图的邻接矩阵判断裂隙网络的连通,利用递归算法提取出裂隙网络的主干网或优势流路径。基于立方定律和渗流连续性方程,利用数值解析法建立了二维裂隙网络渗流模型,分析不同边界条件下裂隙网络中的流体流动。结果表明,该方法可以模拟区域宏观水力梯度和边界条件下,裂隙网络水力梯度方向总的流量,以及节点的水位、节点间的流量和流动方向的变化特征,为区域岩溶裂隙水渗流计算提供了一种实用、可行的方法。 相似文献
9.
10.
离散裂隙渗流方法与裂隙化渗透介质建模 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
流体渗流模拟的连续介质方法通常适用于多孔地质体，并不一定适用于裂隙岩体，由于裂隙分布及其特征与孔隙差异较大。若流体渗流主要受裂隙的控制，对于一定尺寸的裂隙岩体，多孔介质假设则较难刻划裂隙岩体的渗流特征。离散裂隙渗流方法不但可直接用于模拟裂隙岩体非均质性和各向异性等渗流特征，而且可用其确定所研究的裂隙岩体典型单元体及其水力传导（渗透）张量大小。主要讨论了以下问题：（1）饱和裂隙介质中一般的离散流体渗流模拟；（2）裂隙岩体中的REV（典型单元体）及其水力传导（渗透）张量的确定；（3）利用离散裂隙网络流体渗流模型研究裂隙方向几何参数对水力传导系数和REV的影响；（4）在二维和三维离散裂隙流体渗流模型中对区域大裂隙和局部小裂隙的处理方法。调查结果显示离散裂隙流体渗流数学模型可用来评价不同尺度上的裂隙岩体的水力特征，以及裂隙方向对裂隙化岩体的水力特征有着不可忽视的影响。同时，局部小裂隙、区域大裂隙应当区别对待，以便据其所起的作用及水力特征，建立裂隙化岩体相应的流体渗流模型。 相似文献
11.
以重庆梁-忠（梁平县-忠县）高速公路礼让隧道为工程研究背景,通过测线法调查现场节理,获得了节理产状分布概率密度函数,并从分形几何学的角度分析了节理间距及迹长的分形分布规律,推导出能反映节理间距及迹长分布状态的分形维数D及分形分布概率密度函数。在该基础上采用Matlab软件以及Monte-Carlo随机分析方法,产生节理参数随机数,结合3DEC中最新模块离散裂隙网络(DFN)技术,建立了能反映节理裂隙分布特征的离散裂隙网络模型并验证了模型的有效性,结果表明,分形分布比负指数分布包含更多的间距、迹长分布信息,更接近于实际分布;分形维数D反映了节理间距、迹长在其变化范围内的分布特征,分形维数的大小取决于小间距、小迹长部分数量在总节理数量中的比例,为节理裂隙岩体网络模型构建提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
12.
Ma Lei Han Di Qian Jiazhong Gao Di Ma Haichun Deng Yaping Hou Xiaoliang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(4):913-930
The equivalent porous medium (EPM) method is an efficient approximation method for groundwater yield analysis considering the equivalent permeability in a fractured geologic medium (FGM). The EPM method is widely used in many practical hydrogeological problems from local to regional scales. However, when calculating water head and velocity distributions, the suitability of the EPM model remains insufficiently evaluated. The suitability refers to the head error caused by the application of the EPM model. The smaller the error, the better the suitability. In this study, the influence of fracture geometric attributes on the suitability was quantitatively studied in numerical simulation experiments, and the EPM model simulation results were compared to those obtained with the discrete fracture network (DFN) model. The results indicated that the suitability decreased with increasing fracture spacing. When the fracture spacing was smaller than 0.6 m, the influence of an increase in the fracture spacing on the suitability was obvious. For the same fracture spacing, the suitability generally increased with increasing trace length. When the spatial variability of fracture aperture is not considered, the change of the fracture aperture did not impact the suitability. The fracture orientation slightly impacted the suitability, which can be ignored. An evaluation standard based on fracture parameters is proposed to estimate the suitability of the EPM model, which provides a scientific basis to ascertain whether this model can be applied to a given site to solve the head-related hydrogeological issues with FGMs.
相似文献13.
Shallow groundwater in the northern Negev desert of Israel flows preferentially through a complex system of discontinuities. These discontinuities intersect what would otherwise be a massive, low-conductivity, high-porosity Eocene chalk. Vertical fractures and horizontal bedding planes were observed and mapped along approximately 1,200 m of scanline, 600 m of core and 30 two-dimensional trace planes. A bimodal distribution of size exists for the vertical fractures which occur as both single-layer fractures and multi-layer fractures. A bimodal distribution of log transmissivity was observed from slug tests conducted in packed-off, vertical intervals within the saturated zone. The different flow characteristics between the horizontal bedding planes and vertical-type fractures appear to be the cause of the bimodality. Two distinct conceptual models (discrete fracture network) were developed based on the fracture orientation, size, intensity and transmissivity statistics derived from field data. A correlation between fracture size and hydraulic aperture was established as the basis for calibrating the simulated model transmissivity to the field observations. This method of defining transmissivity statistically based on prior information is shown to be a reasonable and workable alternative to the usual conjecture approach towards defining transmissivity in a fractured-rock environment. 相似文献
14.
碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层历经多期构造运动以及强烈的风化、剥蚀和淋滤作用,储集空间类型多样,形态极不规则且随机分布,导致储层三维空间描述困难,现有的碎屑岩储层建模方法难以直接借鉴。文中提出碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层应该按照大型洞穴、溶蚀孔洞、大尺度裂缝、小尺度裂缝的"多类多尺度建模"的基本思路。以钻井和地震识别成果作为大型洞穴确定性数据,以地震波阻抗的大型洞穴发育概率体作为井间约束数据,在垂向岩溶分带和平面古地貌分区的岩溶相控下,采用具有趋势的序贯指示模拟方法,建立大型洞穴离散分布模型;以大型洞穴分布作为"相控"约束条件,以井孔解释的溶蚀孔洞作为硬数据,采用序贯指示模拟算法,建立溶蚀孔洞随机分布模型;根据蚂蚁体地震属性自动拾取的断裂信息,人机交互补充和修正地震解释断层数据,建立确定性的大尺度裂缝离散分布模型;基于大尺度裂缝离散分布模型建立井间裂缝发育概率体,根据井孔裂缝密度、裂缝产状,结合退火模拟和基于目标的示性点过程模拟方法,建立小尺度裂缝离散分布模型。以塔河油田四区奥陶系缝洞型油藏为例,建立研究区缝洞型储集体空间展布模型,再现缝洞型储层的结构形态。 相似文献
15.
乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房随机块体特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随机块体的几何特征和稳定性是水利水电工程中地下厂房支护设计的重要依据。对乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房随机块体的特征进行了深入研究。对研究区域内实测的裂隙参数进行了分组统计,确定了各组裂隙产状、迹长等参数的分布形式和大小。利用逆建模方法建立了三维裂隙网络模型,获取了各组裂隙的直径和三维密度。采用一般块体方法对地下厂房进行随机块体的识别和稳定性分析,利用GeneralBlock软件进行了10次随机实现,对10次计算结果进行了统计分析和讨论。研究结果表明,结构面与开挖面形成的随机块体集中在地下厂房的顶拱部位,10次随机实现中,地下厂房全长范围内平均每次形成的随机块体为414个;随机块体的平均体积为2.9 m3,最大块体的体积达152.0 m3;可移动块体中,大部分为稳定块体,不稳定块体均以坠落形式破坏;构成可移动块体的结构面多为3~4条,最多可达12条,其中倾W向的中等倾角裂隙是构成块体并可能造成块体失稳的最危险结构面;随机块体的平均深度为1.2 m,最大深度为8.8 m。建议支护锚杆应尽量穿透倾W向中等倾角的长大裂隙,且锚杆支护长度大于8.8 m。 相似文献
16.
页岩作为典型的非常规储层,基质孔隙小,渗透率极低,水平井多级水力压裂为其商业开发的主要手段。准确模拟页岩气产能,应同时考虑水力裂隙和天然裂隙的渗流。基于离散裂隙模型和等效连续模型建立页岩气渗流数学模型,利用有限元分析方法进行数值求解,研究不同走向裂隙组对页岩气井产能的影响。研究认为,页岩基质为气体的生产提供了主要气源,天然裂隙作为渗流的主要通道,将气体输送到水力裂缝,进而到达井筒。模拟结果表征,离散裂隙的渗流特征对于页岩气井的产能有重要影响。根据页岩储层的天然裂隙走向,可以优化相应的水平井方位。对于二维离散裂隙网络模型,水平井沿着2个裂隙组夹角的平分线更有利于生产。 相似文献
17.
文中以甘肃北山花岗岩中发育的构造裂隙(主要指节理尺度)为研究对象,应用地质统计分析理论,以裂隙面密度P21 作为地质统计分析的区域性变量,探索花岗岩岩体裂隙空间分布模式。结果表明:甘肃北山芨芨槽候选场址区域内花岗岩岩体裂隙空间分布具有明显的各向异性特征,变异主轴方向明显; 变异主轴区域内的裂隙分组地质统计特征显示,区域内第1分组裂隙并非是传统意义上的均匀随机分布,而是具有明显的空穴效应特征,应该在三维裂隙网络建模工作中予以考虑。本文在考虑本组裂隙空穴效应特征基础上,针对三维裂隙网络建模方法提出了新的建议。 相似文献
18.
Multi-borehole pumping and tracer tests on the 10 to 100-m scale were conducted in a fractured chalk aquitard in the Negev
Desert, Israel. Outcrop and core fracture surveys, as well as slug tests in packed-off intervals, were carried out at this
site to obtain the parameters needed for construction of a stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN). Calibration of stochastic
DFNs directly to the multiple borehole test data was inadequate. Instead, two equivalent deterministic DFN flow models were
used: the vertical-fractures (VF) model, consisting of only vertical fractures, and the fractures’ intersections (INT) model,
consisting of vertical and horizontal fractures with enhanced transmissivity at their intersections. Both models were calibrated
against the multi-borehole response of one pumping test and their predictions were tested against three other independent
pumping tests. The average accuracies of all transient drawdown predictions of the VF and INT models were 65 and 66%, respectively.
In contrast to this equality in average drawdown predictions of both models, the INT model predicted better important breakthrough
curve features (e.g., first and peak arrival times), than the VF model. This result is in line with previously assumed channeled
flow, derived from analytical analysis of these pumping and tracer tests.
Ronit Nativ, deceased, may her memory be blessed. 相似文献
19.
20.
裂隙渗流会引起裂隙周围岩体中的温度场变化,在低温岩体中其影响更为明显;此外,裂隙水与周围低温岩石介质发生热交换会引起裂隙中的水冰相变过程发生,而裂隙水冻结将阻碍裂隙渗流,引起裂隙渗流场的变化。因此,低温下的裂隙岩体水-热相互作用是一个强耦合过程。考虑裂隙中的水冰相变过程和渗流作用,建立了低温冻结条件下裂隙岩体水-热耦合模型;以冻结法施工为例,考察了低温冻结过程中裂隙水渗流对裂隙冻结交圈的影响。研究结果表明：由于裂隙渗流的存在,距裂隙较远处岩石先冻结,裂隙冻结所需时间远大于周围岩石;裂隙宽度和裂隙水压力差都会影响冻结交圈时间,裂隙越宽、水压力差越大,裂隙冻结需要时间越长;随着冻结时间的推进,裂隙水渗流速度逐渐降低,当裂隙冻结后裂隙渗流停止。最后通过构建随机裂隙网络模型,利用所建立的水-热耦合模型考察了裂隙网络渗流对冻结交圈的影响,说明了在冻结法施工中考虑裂隙的重要性。 相似文献