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1.
湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床C、O、Sr同位素地球化学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床成矿早、晚两期方解石进行了系统的C、O、Sr同位素研究。结果表明,成矿早期方解石具有相对较低的δ13CPDB（-5.4‰ ~ -1.4‰）、δ18OSMOW（+6.1‰ ~ +13.9‰）和较高的87Sr/86Sr值（0.7101 ~ 0.7230）;而成矿晚期方解石则具有相对较高的δ13CPDB（+0.2‰ ~ +0.6‰）、δ18OSMOW（+19.4‰ ~ +21.5‰）和较低的87Sr/86Sr值（0.7101）。成矿早期方解石为岩浆热液与海相碳酸盐岩相互作用的产物,成矿流体中的碳源于岩浆碳和海相碳酸盐岩;模拟计算结果显示,成矿早期方解石为成矿溶液发生0.05-0.1摩尔分数的 CO2去气作用的产物。而成矿晚期方解石主要为矿区碳酸盐岩围岩低温淋滤的产物,流体中的碳主要源于矿区碳酸盐岩围岩。成矿流体中Sr源于矿区花岗岩和碳酸盐岩,从成矿早期到晚期,岩浆来源的Sr逐渐减少,而碳酸盐岩围岩提供的Sr比例不断增大。 相似文献
2.
陈家坝铜铅锌多金属矿床为近年来在陕西勉(县)-略(阳)-宁(强)铜金镍矿化集中区新发现的铜铅锌多金属矿床。为了查明陈家坝矿床成矿物质来源,笔者开展了系统的C、H、O、S和Sr同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,陈家坝矿区的围岩的δ~(13)CPDB值范围-0.93‰～1.44‰,平均值为0.35‰,δ~(18)OV-SMOW值范围14.14‰～27.49‰,平均22.1‰,为沉积成因海相碳酸盐岩。脉石矿物白云石的δ~(13)CPDB范围在-0.53‰～-0.89‰,δ~(18)OV-SMOW值范围12.12‰～13.23‰,指示成矿流体中的CO_2主要来自岩浆水,少量CO_2来源于围岩海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用。成矿流体中δD值范围-91‰～-72‰,δ~(18)OH矿流体以岩浆流体为主。成矿流体与围2岩的水-岩反应是导致该区铜铅锌2矿床中白云石和黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿矿物沉淀结晶的主要机制。矿石金属硫化物δ34S值范围4.88‰～8.90‰,平均值为7.37‰,介于岩浆硫与海水硫之间,且与矿集区内典型的徐家沟铜矿床矿石矿物δ34S变化区间重叠,表明硫主要来自于岩浆硫,部分硫来自海水硫酸盐。矿石中黄铁矿的初始锶同位素比值87Sr/86Sr比值为0.72,高于赋矿围岩锶同位素比值,接近大陆地壳的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.719),指示了成矿流体流经了雪花太坪组地层,并与其中具有高87Sr/86Sr比值的白云岩进行水岩反应及同位素交换。 相似文献
3.
近年来湘西黔东地区铅锌矿产勘查成果显著,已发现矿床(点)200余处,铅锌矿主要产于寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层中。通过对该地区典型铅锌矿床碳酸盐围岩和成矿期方解石的C、O同位素组成分析,结果表明:碳酸盐围岩的δ13CPDB值(-1.16‰~1.70‰,均值0.51‰)和δ18OSMOW值(18.56‰~22.42‰,均值21.04‰)变化范围较小,组成相对均一,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上投影点位于海相碳酸盐岩区;而成矿期方解石的δ13CPDB值(-5.80‰~0.42‰,均值-1.18‰)比围岩略低,δ18OSMOW值(12.96‰~23.05‰,均值18.36‰)有明显的下降,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上投影点主要位于上地幔区和海相碳酸盐岩之间。根据C、O同位素组成特征并结合前人研究成果,认为成矿流体中的C主要来源于碳酸盐围岩,S来源于地层中的膏盐层,Pb、Zn主要来源于下寒武统牛蹄塘组地层,成矿流体是一种高盐度的低温热卤水,它与碳酸盐围岩的水-岩反应和降温的耦合作用是该地区成矿期方解石和矿石矿物沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
4.
湘西花垣铅锌矿田成矿物质来源的C、O、H、S、Pb、Sr同位素制约 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
花垣地区铅锌矿床有望成为中国最大的铅锌矿床,也是铅锌矿资源储量超过千万吨的世界级超大型矿床之一。文章通过碳、氧、氢、硫、铅和锶同位素地球化学特征研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿金属来源。测试结果显示,花垣地区铅锌矿床主成矿期方解石样品的δ~(13) CPDB值范围为-2.71‰~1.21‰,δ~(18) OSMOW值范围为16.09‰~22.48‰,该地区铅锌矿床成矿流体中的碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用。花垣矿区的围岩的δ~(13) CPDB值范围为0.29‰~1.05‰,δ~(18) OSMOW值范围为21.33‰~23.89‰,为沉积成因海相碳酸盐岩。矿石中硫化物的δ~(34) S变化于24.93‰~34.66‰之间,重晶石δ~(34) S为32.78‰~34.22‰,表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成均一,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb分别为17.999~18.919、15.554~15.798和38.088~38.576,铅模式年龄为437~534Ma,成矿金属可能主要来源于奥陶系—寒武系。方解石和闪锌矿样品中流体的δD_(SMOW)变化于-91.1‰~-15‰之间,δ~(18) Ofluid变化范围为-4.1‰~8.75‰,矿床成矿流体的主要来源是建造水和大气降水。成矿流体与围岩的水-岩反应是导致该区铅锌矿床中方解石和闪锌矿矿物沉淀结晶的主要机制。成矿流体~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为0.70906~0.71022,高于赋矿围岩寒武系清虚洞组灰岩锶同位素比值0.70886~0.70921,表明成矿流体流经了清虚洞组下伏地层,并与其中具有高锶同位素比值的碎屑岩、页岩和泥岩等进行了水岩反应及同位素交换。 相似文献
5.
黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用连续流动质谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对黔西北天桥铅锌矿床原生矿石中脉石矿物热液方解石C、O同位素组成和稀土元素含量进行了分析,结果表明热液方解石C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同标高方解石C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB和δ18OSMOW分别为-3.4‰～-5.3‰和14.7‰～19.5‰,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上介于原始碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间。热液方解石总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=6.80×10-6～49.1×10-6),表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的"M"型,其Eu/Eu*变化范围为0.30～0.55,与硫化物具有相似的稀土配分模式。根据热液方解石与蚀变围岩、远矿围岩及不同时代地层碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成和REE含量特征对比结果,结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床成矿流体具"多来源混合"特征,其中围岩碳酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的C和REE来源,地层中膏岩海相硫酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的S来源,而成矿流体中的水则主要为变质基底昆阳群等提供的变质水,并受到大气降水的影响。 相似文献
6.
云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床C、O同位素地球化学 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多,预示其成矿环境较为特殊。本文分析该矿床矿石中脉石矿物方解石和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成,结果表明矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同矿体(不同标高)、不同产状以及相同矿体不同产状方解石的C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB值和δ18OSMOW值分别为-2.1‰～-3.5‰(均值-2.8‰)和16.7‰～18.6‰(均值17.7‰),在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上集中于岩浆碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间的狭小范围内。多方面的证据表明:矿床成矿流体为壳-幔混合流体,其中壳源组分可能主要由矿区(或区域)碳酸盐地层提供,而幔源组分则可能与区域大面积峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程中的去气作用有关。 相似文献
7.
湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床是铅锌矿资源储量超过千万吨的世界级超大型矿床之一。对该矿床主矿化期的方解石和闪锌矿进行了系统的C、H、O同位素研究。分析结果显示,花垣地区铅锌矿床主成矿期方解石样品的δ~(13)C_(PDB)值范围为-2.71‰~1.21‰,δ~(18)OSMOW值范围为16.09‰~22.48‰,团结、李梅、土地坪、蜂塘和大石沟各铅锌矿床中主成矿期方解石的13C、18O同位素依次表现出逐渐降低的特征,在δ~(18)O_(SMOW)-δ~(13)C_(PDB)图上主要介于原生碳酸盐岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间,该地区铅锌矿床成矿流体中的碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用。花垣矿区围岩的δ~(13)C_(PDB)值范围为0.15‰~1.17‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值范围为19.79‰~23.89‰,指示沉积成因海相碳酸盐岩的特征。方解石和闪锌矿样品中流体的δD_(SMOW)变化于-91.1‰~-15‰之间,δ18Ofluid变化范围为-4.1‰~9.25‰,在矿区范围内流体的迁移方向是由北向南,δ~(18)O_(fluid)-δD_(SMOW)图显示,矿床成矿流体的主要来源是建造水和大气降水。成矿流体与围岩间的水-岩反应是导致湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床中方解石和闪锌矿矿物发生沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
8.
扬子陆块北缘马元铅锌矿床成矿物质来源探讨: 来自C、O、H、S、Pb、Sr同位素地球化学的证据 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
呈层状、似层状产于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中的马元铅锌矿床是近年来在扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。文章通过碳、氧、氢、硫、铅和锶同位素地球化学特征研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿金属来源。研究结果表明:矿石中热液脉石矿物的δ13CPDB为-4.24‰~0.93‰,δ18OSMOW为15.92‰~23.24‰,表明成矿流体中的CO2为震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解成因。矿石中硫化物的δ34S变化于12.94‰~19.4‰之间;硫酸盐矿物的δ34S为32.2‰~33.48‰,表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成均一,206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为17.62~18.02、15.49~15.63和37.57~38.35,成矿金属可能主要来源于震旦系—志留系。脉石矿物石英流体包裹体的δDFI为-92‰和-113‰,如果取成矿温度200℃,根据δ18O石英值计算的相应流体包裹体的δ18O水为6.03‰~12.73‰,推测成矿流体可能起源于大气降水为主的盆地卤水,或为其他来源的流体与有机质反应形成。成矿流体87Sr/86Sr为0.70967~0.71146,高于赋矿围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩锶同位素比值(0.70890~0.70945),表明成矿流体流经了古生代地层(及基底),并与其中具有高锶同位素比值的碎屑岩、页岩和泥岩等进行了水岩反应及同位素交换。 相似文献
9.
云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源：Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：19
云南会泽铅锌矿田是我国著名的超大型特富铅锌矿田之一,由相距3公里的矿山厂和麒麟厂两个独立的矿床组成,Zn Pb 金属量超过五百万吨,矿石品位在25%至35%之间。为确定矿床成矿流体和成矿金属来源,本文系统研究了矿床的 Pb、S、C、O、H 和 Sr 同位素组成特征。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成均一,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 和~(208)Pb/~(104)Pb 的变化范围分别为18.251～18.530,15.663～15.855和38.487～39.433,与围岩碳酸盐岩中浸染状黄铁矿一致,与碳酸盐地层相近,在~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb-~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 图上显示明显的线性关系,表明铅同位素组成相近的碳酸盐围岩地层提供了成矿物质。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S 变化范围为10.9‰～17.4‰,多数集中于13‰～17‰,表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原,还原方式为热化学还原,下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中的有机质在硫酸盐还原过程中发挥了重要作用。三种不同产状的脉石矿物方解石的碳氧同位素组成均一且没有明显差别,δ~(13)C 变化范围为-2.1‰～-3.5‰,δ~(18)O 为16.8‰～18.6‰。脉石矿物方解石中流体包裹体水的δD_(FI)为-50‰～-60‰,取温度为200℃计算包裹体水的δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为7.0‰～8.8‰。碳、氧和氢、氧同位素研究结果表明,成矿流体为来自下部上升的变质流体,由于下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中有机质的参与,成矿流体具有低的δ~(13)C和δD_(FI)值,在上升过程中与围岩发生了同位素交换。矿石中黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方解石的初始锶同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值的变化范围为0.714～0.717,赋矿围岩中未蚀变白云岩的初始锶同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.7083～0.7093,明显低于蚀变白云岩(0.7106),表明成矿流体具有高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值。相对围岩碳酸盐岩而言,下伏地层中的页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩往往具有高得多的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,因此,流经或者起源于这些地层的流体具有高的锶同位素比值。 相似文献
10.
龙口-土堆金矿大地构造位于胶莱盆地东北缘,胶-辽-吉构造带南段,华北克拉通东南缘,成矿地质条件优越.研究区虽经多年的勘探开采,但其成矿流体和成矿物质来源研究薄弱且存在较大争议,严重制约了成矿机理研究和进一步勘探工作.文章从与成矿密切相关的方解石脉和其他矿物的微量元素与C-H-O-S同位素地球化学特征入手,探讨了龙口-土堆金矿床流体地球化学特征和矿床成因.微量元素分析表明,不同类型方解石具有明显不同的Fe、Mn含量,其中主成矿期含矿方解石具有最高的w(Fe+Mn)(114070×10-6),荆山群大理岩w(Fe+Mn)最低(3971×10-6),而不含矿的方解石的w(Fe+Mn)(5410×10-6)介于前两者之间.不含矿方解石样品δ13CPDB值在?6.90‰～?0.19‰之间,δ18OSMOW值在5.38‰～12.15‰之间;含矿方解石样品δ13CPDB值在?8.56‰～?6.41‰之间,δ18OSMOW值在8.66‰～10.61‰ 之间;荆山群大理岩样品 δ13CPDB值在?3.83‰～?6.73‰ 之间,δ18OSMOW值在14.39‰～16.28‰之间.研究表明:方解石的C-O同位素组成指示含矿碳酸盐脉形成于花岗岩和地幔多相体系;不含矿碳酸盐形成于火成碳酸岩和地幔多相体系;含矿方解石形成于地幔多相体系.石英和方解石流体包裹体氢氧同位素分别为δDwater=?51.5‰～?119.9‰和δ18Owater=0.6‰～7.81‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,同时可能存在大气降水和地层建造水的参与.矿石硫化物的δ34S值介于8.5‰～12.7‰之间,硫同位素组成呈明显的正态分布,以富集34S为特征,显示了岩浆硫和壳源硫混合的同位素组成特征.结合区域成矿地球动力学背景,文章认为龙口-土堆金矿床为岩浆热液有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿,其流体来源于壳幔混源的多相体系.综合成矿条件分析,文章完善了胶东金矿成矿模式,指出矿区中碳酸盐脉富Fe+Mn的地球化学特征可能指示围岩含矿或近矿.该研究成果可为胶东金矿床的深部及外围找矿勘查提供新的科学依据. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献