共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
A. S. Kholodov M. O. Vasil’ev E. A. Molokov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(1):87-107
The earlier developed monotonous conservative variant of a net-characteristic method of the second- and third-order approximation based on 3D equations of magnetic gasodynamics with consideration for the magnetic field diffusion is expanded for the solution of dynamic problems on the flow of the upper atmosphere of the Earth by solar plasma. It is modified, which results in support for the solenoidality of the magnetic field and the removal of the magnetic charge. Calculations are carried out and preliminary results of using software complexes to simulate the passage of the leading edge of solar plasma through the upper atmosphere of the Earth are given. Unlike existing studies in this direction, the dynamics of the passage of the leading edge upon a strong burst in the intensity of solar wind over the entire altitude range from the surface of the Earth to the upper magnetosphere is considered. 相似文献
2.
Polarization relations for mesoscale stationary orographic waves (MSOWs) and formulas for calculating vertical profiles of the total vertical flux of wave energy and amplitudes of horizontal speed are obtained by taking account the rotation of the atmosphere. Expressions are derived for the total wave heat flux, accelerations of the mean flow, and heat influxes generated by MSOWs. Calculations of the characteristics of MSOWs propagating in the atmosphere from the surface to the lower thermosphere are made. It was shown that MSOWs may significantly affect the circulation and thermal regime of the middle and upper atmosphere. 相似文献
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4.
A differential model of the upper turbulent layer in the ocean is considered. A closed system of equations includes equations of motion, balance, and dissipation of kinetic turbulence energy. Boundary conditions at the surface are determined using a solution of the atmospheric problem taking into account the interaction between the two media. The formulated algorithm allows for a relationship between turbulent energy dissipation and flux and the parameters of wind disturbance. The vertical profiles of turbulence and drift current characteristics are presented as well as parameters of the ocean-atmosphere interaction for various values of impulse jump within the limits of the wave layer with waves collapsing and not collapsing.UDK 551.456.152 相似文献
5.
Model of the three-dimensional spectrum of anisotropic temperature irregularities in a stably stratified atmosphere 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A phenomenological model is proposed for the three-dimensional (3D) spectrum of temperature irregularities generated by internal waves in the atmosphere. This model develops a theory (Chunchuzov, 2002) based on the assumption that the field of the Lagrange displacements of the medium’s particles that are caused by a statistical ensemble of internal waves with randomly independent amplitudes and phases is stationary, homogeneous, axially symmetric in a horizontal plane, and Gaussian. To fit the model to measured spectra of fluctuations in the stratosphere and mesosphere, an additional assumption is introduced into the model that the degree of anisotropy of irregularities depends on their vertical size. An explicit expression is presented for the 3D spectrum. The model vertical spectrum follows a power law with an exponent of ?3. The horizontal spectrum has three asymptotically power portions. Two of these are characterized by an exponent of ?3, whereas an intermediate portion has an exponent of ?1 to ?3, depending on the rate at which the degree of anisotropy decreases as the vertical size of temperature irregularities increases. Simple asymptotic formulas are obtained for the horizontal spectrum. Within the range of a few decades, the model is in good agreement with the published results of measuring the spectra in the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. 相似文献
6.
Tianhaozhe Sun Mei Xue Khanh Phon Le Yanwei Zhang Huiping Xu 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):431-448
Ocean storms on seismic records reveal coupling mechanisms between Earth’s spheres. We analyzed temporal and spatial signatures of ocean storms on seismic records in the South China and East China Seas. The main points are: (1) the landing of ocean storms directly influences spectrum amplitudes of microseisms, showing an “increase-peak-decrease” pattern, whereas they exert no direct influence on Earth’s hum and the high-frequency noise; (2) for microseisms, spectrum amplitudes of short-period double-frequency microseisms are increased greatly during ocean storms’ landing, implying that storms preferably excite short-period ocean swells; (3) while the “increase-peak-decrease” pattern of spectrum amplitudes is observed for both short-period double-frequency microseisms and long-period double-frequency microseisms in South China Sea, the peak arrived and disappeared much earlier for long-period double-frequency microseisms, which can be explained by their causal mechanisms; (4) in East China Sea, only the spectrum amplitudes of short-period double-frequency microseisms show an “increase-peak-decrease” pattern and extraordinary spectrum pulses are observed reflecting thick sediments there; (5) spatial features of microseisms revealed from predominant polarization directions indicate that local coastlines play very important roles in deciding where ocean waves impact; (6) high-frequency noise is caused by local offshore wind-generated ocean waves instead of ocean storms; (7) the influence of ocean storm landing processes on microseisms can propagate through continents and is observed at inland stations; (8) seismic motions are excited more efficiently in horizontal directions when ocean waves impact seafloors. Our work clearly exhibits how effectively local ocean events are coupled with the Earth’s lithosphere in Chinese seas. 相似文献
7.
A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the＂Coriolis-Stokes forcing＂ and the＂Stokes-Vortex force＂ are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model （POM）. Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models. 相似文献
8.
Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Shuming LI Ziwei YANG Xiaofeng Pichel William G YU Yang ZHENG Quanan LI Xiaofeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):35-43
In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SAR wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW). 相似文献
9.
AARNOUT VAN DELDEN 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2000,52(4):380-390
The process of hydrostatic adjustment to horizontally homogeneous heating in a stably stratified atmosphere of arbitrary thermal structure is investigated in the limit of small perturbations. A linear differential equation is derived for the vertical pressure distribution in the final balanced state. Solutions of this equation are compared with the time dependent solution which is found by numerically integrating the equations in time. During the process of hydrostatic adjustment acoustic‐buoyancy oscillations are generated. The amplitudes of these oscillations become so great that static instability is generated at heights above 100 km, depending on where and how abruptly the heat is added. As a crude representation of the unstable breakdown and damping of these waves, Rayleigh damping is introduced. If the associated damping coefficient in the upper atmosphere is sufficiently large (greater than the Brunt Väisälä frequency), the oscillations vanish. Below a height of about 50 km the steady state predicted by the above mentioned differential equation is reached approximately in 10 min. 相似文献
10.
A. E. Aloyan 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(1):55-68
A hydrodynamic model is used to reproduce the atmospheric circulation during forest fires. The dynamics is simulated with an improved model of free convection with allowance for heat flux emission from the fire area. Against the background of the atmospheric circulation patterns obtained, the problem of aerosol evolution and size distribution due to the forest’s combustible materials from the fire area was solved. The evolution of soot particles is described by solving the kinetic equations of condensation and coagulation. The results of numerical experiments to develop a process that considers water-vapor condensation in a moist atmosphere are presented. 相似文献
11.
A hydrodynamic model of a two-part underwater manoeuvrable towed system is proposed in which a depressor is equipped with active horizontal and vertical control surfaces, and a towed vehicle is attached to the lower end of a primary cable. In such a system the towed vehicle can be manoeuvred in both vertical and horizontal planes when it is towed at a certain velocity and the coupling effect of excitations at the upper end of the primary cable and disturbances of control manipulations to the towed vehicle can be reduced. In the model the hydrodynamic behavior of an underwater vehicle is described by the six-degrees-of-freedom equations of motion for submarine simulations. The added masses of an underwater vehicle are obtained from the three-dimensional potential theory. The control surface forces of the vehicle are determined by the wing theory. The results indicate that with relative simple control measures a two-part underwater manoeuvrable towed system enables the towed vehicle to travel in a wide range with a stable attitude. The method in this model gives an effective numerical approach for determining hydrodynamic characteristics of an underwater vehicle especially when little or no experimental data are available or when costs prohibit doing experiments for determining these data. 相似文献
12.
Parametric rolling is one of five types of the ship stability failure modes as proposed by IMO. The periodic change of the metacentric height is often considered as the internal cause of this phenomenon. Parametric rolling is a complex nonlinear hydrodynamic problem, often accompanied by large amplitude vertical motions of ships. In recent years,the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equation simulations for viscous flows have made great progress in the field of ship seakeeping. In this paper, the parametric rolling for the C11 containership in regular waves is studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, parametric rolling amplitudes at different drafts, forward speeds and wave steepnesses are analyzed. The differences in the steady amplitudes of parametric rolling are observed for two drafts. The effect of the incident wave steepness(or wave amplitude) is also studied, and this supports previous results obtained on limits of the stability for parametric rolling. In numerical simulations, the ship motions of parametric rolling are analyzed by use of the potential-flow and viscous-flow methods. In the viscousflow method, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the overset grid method. The numerical accuracies of the two methods at different wave steepnesses are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
The application of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model to simulate the nonlinear interaction between waves and a moored floating breakwater is presented. The main aim is to predict and validate the response of the moored floating structure under the action of periodic waves. The Euler equations together with an artificial viscosity are used as the governing equations to describe the flow field. The motion of the moored floating body is described using the Newton’s second law of motion. The interactions between the waves and structures are modeled by setting a series of SPH particles on the boundary of the structure. The hydrodynamic forces acting on the floating body are evaluated by summing up the interacting forces on the boundary particles from the neighboring fluid particles. The water surface elevations, the movements of the floating body and the moored forces are all calculated and compared with the available experimental data. Good agreements are obtained for the dynamic response and hydrodynamic performance of the floating body. The numerical results of different immersion depths of the floating body are compared with that of the corresponding fixed body. The effects of the relative length and the density of the structure on the performance of the floating body are analyzed. 相似文献
14.
《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(1):35-60
The generalized Langrangian mean theory provides exact equations for general wave–turbulence–mean flow interactions in three dimensions. For practical applications, these equations must be closed by specifying the wave forcing terms. Here an approximate closure is obtained under the hypotheses of small surface slope, weak horizontal gradients of the water depth and mean current, and weak curvature of the mean current profile. These assumptions yield analytical expressions for the mean momentum and pressure forcing terms that can be expressed in terms of the wave spectrum. A vertical change of coordinate is then applied to obtain glm2z-RANS equations with non-divergent mass transport in cartesian coordinates. To lowest order, agreement is found with Eulerian mean theories, and the present approximation provides an explicit extension of known wave-averaged equations to short-scale variations of the wave field, and vertically varying currents only limited to weak or localized profile curvatures. Further, the underlying exact equations provide a natural framework for extensions to finite wave amplitudes and any realistic situation. The accuracy of the approximations is discussed using comparisons with exact numerical solutions for linear waves over arbitrary bottom slopes, for which the equations are still exact when properly accounting for partial standing waves. For finite amplitude waves it is found that the approximate solutions are probably accurate for ocean mixed layer modelling and shoaling waves, provided that an adequate turbulent closure is designed. However, for surf zone applications the approximations are expected to give only qualitative results due to the large influence of wave nonlinearity on the vertical profiles of wave forcing terms. 相似文献
15.
Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Submerged Depth of the Grid and Direction of Incident Wave on Gravity Cage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper,the numerical model of the net cage with the grid mooring system in waves is set up by the lumped mass method and rigid kinematics theory,and then the motion equations of floating system,net system,mooring system,and floaters are solved by the Runge-Kutta fifth-order method.For the verification of the numerical model,a series of physical model tests have been carried out.According to the comparisons between the simulated and experimental results,it can be found that the simulated and experimental results agree well in each condition.Then,the effects of submerged depth of grid and direction of incident wave propagation on hydrodynamic behaviors of the net cage are analyzed.According to the simulated results,it can be found that with the increase of submerged depth of grid,the forces acting on mooring lines and bridle lines increase,while the forces on grid lines decrease;the horizontal motion amplitudes of floating collar decrease obviously,while the vertical motion amplitudes of floating collar change little.When the direction of incident wave propagation changes,forces on mooting lines and motion of net cage also change accordingly.When the propagation direction of incident wave changes from 0° to 45°,forces on the main ropes and bridle ropes increase,while the forces on the grid ropes decrease.With the increasing propagation direction of incident wave,the horizontal amplitude of the forces collar decreases,while the vertical amplitude of the floating collar has little variation. 相似文献
16.
The derivation of Green function in a two-layer fluid model has been treated in different ways.In a two-layer fluid with the upper layer having a free surface,there exist two modes of waves propagating due to the free surface and the interface.This paper is concerned with the derivation of Green functions in the three dimensional case of a stationary source oscillating.The source point is located either in the upper or lower part of a two-layer fluid of finite depth.The derivation is carried out by the method of singularities.This method has an advantage in that it involves representing the potential as a sum of singularities or multipoles placed within any structures being present.Furthermore,experience shows that the systems of equations resulted from using a singularity method possess excellent convergence characteristics and only a few equations are needed to obtain accurate numerical results.Validation is done by showing that the derived two-layer Green function can be reduced to that of a single layer of finite depth or that the upper Green function coincides with that of the lower,for each case.The effect of the density on the internal waves is demonstrated.Also,it is shown how the surface and internal wave amplitudes are compared for both the wave modes.The fluid in this case is considered to be inviscid and incompressible and the flow is irrotational. 相似文献
17.
张力腿平台内孤立波作用特性数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
依据三类内孤立波理论KdV、eK dV和MCC的适用性条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,以内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口边界条件,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对张力腿平台强非线性作用的数值模拟方法。结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且在内孤立波作用下张力腿平台水平力、垂向力及力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合。研究同时表明,张力腿平台内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;水平力的主要成分为波浪压差力和粘性压差力,粘性压差力与波浪压差力相比较小却不可忽略,流体粘性的影响较小;垂向力中粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略。 相似文献
18.
The longline is modelled using lumped masses and tension-only springs including structural damping. The mussel culture is modelled as cylinders attached to the main line and the equations are formulated for the coupled dynamics of the main line, buoys and mussel socks using Kane's formalism. Surface waves are described by Stokes’ second-order wave theory. The hydrodynamic loads are applied via a Morison's equation approach using the instantaneous relative velocities and accelerations between the fluid field, the longline and the attached buoys and mussel masses. The algorithm is presented and the equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta routine “ode45” in MATLAB. Outputs include position, orientation and velocity of all components and tension in all line segments. The numerical model may be used to predict the dynamics of longline systems using drag coefficients determined from field measurements. We expect that the results will be useful for checking and optimizing shellfish aquaculture designs prior to installation and for modifying existing designs to safeguard against failure. 相似文献
19.
The present paper proposes a numerical model to determine horizontal and vertical components of the hydrodynamic forces on a slender submarine pipeline lying at the sea bed and exposed to non-linear waves plus a current. The new model is an extension of the Wake II type model, originally proposed for sinusoidal waves (Soedigdo et al., 1999) and for combined sinusoidal waves and currents (Sabag et al., 2000), to the case of periodic or random waves, even with a superimposed current. The Wake II type model takes into account the wake effects on the kinematic field and the time variation of drag and lift hydrodynamic coefficients. The proposed extension is based on an evolutional analysis carried out for each half period of the free stream horizontal velocity at the pipeline. An analytical expression of the wake velocity is developed starting from the Navier–Stokes and the boundary layer equations. The time variation of the drag and lift hydrodynamic coefficients is obtained using a Gaussian integration of the start-up function. A reduced scale laboratory investigation in a large wave flume has been conducted in order to calibrate the empirical parameters involved in the proposed model. Different wave and current conditions have been considered and measurements of free stream horizontal velocities and dynamic pressures on a bottom-mounted pipeline have been conducted. The comparison between experimental and numerical hydrodynamic forces shows the accuracy of the new model in evaluating the time variation of peaks and phase shifts of the horizontal and vertical wave and current induced forces. 相似文献
20.
V. Ya. Galin S. P. Smyshlyaev E. M. Volodin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(4):399-412
A combined three-dimensional global model of the chemistry and dynamics of the lower and middle atmosphere (up to 90 km from the Earth’s surface) is described. With the use of this model within the AMIP2 (1979–1995) program, numerical calculations were performed with consideration for the interactive coupling between the ozone content, radiation heating, and atmospheric circulation. Comparisons were made between calculated and observed data on the ozone content and temperature. Heterogeneous processes on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds were shown to be important for a correct simulation of the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric ozone. 相似文献