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1.
在野外地质测量工作中,岩层真厚度历来使用标量计算。文中证明：如果规定在导线前进方向上,凡是自下部向上部测得的岩层真厚度为正厚度,反之则为负厚度,可以使用公式Ｍ＝Ｌ·［ｓｉｎβ·ｃｏｓε·ｃｏｓ（－λ）＋ｓｉｎε·ｃｏｓβ］进行岩层真厚度计算。该公式各参数的取值范围与野外实测剖面过程中各数值可能出现的范围相同,而且所有数据均可直接取于野外实测剖面数据记录表,不需要对数据作任何处理,计算过程简单准确。其计算结果不但可得出岩层的真厚度,而且还可真实地反映出岩层之间的上下关系,从而使岩层厚度具有矢量性质。 相似文献
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从列昂托夫斯基的三个传统公式到沈忠悦的一个通用公式,使岩层真厚度计算简便得多。但沈氏公式中带有绝对值,所以当连续测量地层剖面而进行厚度累计时容易出错。虽然文朴、徐开礼讨论了负厚度问题,但仍需人工选择不同公式计算或判断正负号,甚至出现文中规定的正负号变换原则与实际情况相矛盾的情形。由此可见,岩层真厚度计算的关键问题乃是厚度值的正负问题,即负厚度的识别和负号的应用。笔者等曾规定,导线从岩层下层面往上层面方向前进时所控制的岩层厚度为正厚度,导线从岩层上层面往下层面方向前进时所控制的厚度为负厚度,并在沈忠悦公式的基础上,根据岩层面法线与导线之情况相符,选择的参数可直接取自野外实测数据,避免了过程性人工换算环节。 相似文献
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阅读了地质知识1957年第2期中王土同志所著“在剖面不垂直岩层走向的情况下正确计算岩层真厚度的方法”一文后,认为王士把这个计算岩层真厚度的方法不必要地复杂化了。事实上在好些书本中均论证了适用于任何情况下(见附图表示的六种情况)计算岩层真厚度的普遍式,在布雅洛夫所著“构造地质学和野 相似文献
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利用石香肠恢复能干层原始厚度的等面积法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在恢复岩层古环境、计算岩石流变学参数时常需要岩层的原始厚度.利用在褶皱地区伴生的肿缩石香肠可恢复岩层的原始厚度.经过沉积、压实作用以后,岩层压实率趋近最终压实率,岩石中矿物颗粒骨架基本上保持不变,则岩层体积保持不变.褶皱一般是受到垂直岩层或平行岩层作用力而形成的,肿缩石香肠在褶皱轴向(b轴)上变形通常很微小,根据体积不变的假设,则石香肠体在褶皱横向剖面(ac面)上变形前后的面积应是相等的,以此来恢复岩层的原始厚度.为了求解肿缩石香肠横向剖面面积,对其边界进行拟合、积分,发现它相当于一些梯形面积之和.运用此方法进行模拟实验并对铁山地区进行计算,并把计算结果与肿缩石香肠的最大厚度比较,发现它更能反映真实情况. 相似文献
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软岩厚度对层状顶板破坏特征影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顶板冒落是煤矿生产的五大灾害之一。顶板冒落主要与顶板岩层性质、赋存状态等因素有关,其中软弱岩层赋存的厚度变化是顶板冒落的主要原因之一。利用东北大学岩石破裂过程分析系统（RFPA2D）,针对煤矿沉积岩层顶板破坏进行力学分析,并对赋存不同厚度软岩的层状顶板的破坏情况进行了数值计算。探讨了不同厚度的软弱岩层对巷道稳定性的影响,得出了不同厚度软弱岩层在巷道开挖后的破坏过程和最后冒落的形状,提出了对不同厚度软弱岩层的层状顶板巷道有针对性的支护措施。该结果对现场施工和试验具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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介绍了３种在大比例尺地形地质图上求解岩层真厚度的简便方法,导线法是根据岩层上下层面已同程点连线的长度,高程差、与岩层倾向后夹角和岩层真倾角计算岩层真厚度,水平面切割法和铅直面切割法是通过假想的平面来获得岩层上下层面的２条走向线。它们之间的距离或离程关芬别代表了岩层的最大露头宽度或铅直厚度,结合岩层真倾角很救是岩层的真厚度。 相似文献
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介绍了利用航摄立体象对进行空中三角测量确定岩层（构造）产状的新方法。以立体解析几何理论为基础，根据立体解析空中三角测量所得数据，建立起岩层（构造）的空间几何关系，从而计算出岩层（构造）的产状，并给出了数学模型和计算机计算流程。 相似文献
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近几年来,我队先后利用EL—5002,EL—5100等多种型号的袖诊电子计算器,进行地勘工程测量计算工作,并应地质工作需要,编制了地层剖面岩层真厚度计算,钻孔弯曲度计算,剖面线端点至剖面线与方格网线交点距离计算,勘探线工程点偏离距、投影距计算等若干计算程序和算例,现归纳如后,借以抛砖引玉,不当之处,敬请批评指正。 Ⅰ地层剖面岩层真厚度计算 公式:D=L(Sinα·Cosβ·Cosγ±Sinβ·Cosα 式中:D——岩层真厚度 相似文献
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本文详细介绍了岩层真厚度计算公式,在袖珍计算器中进行计算程序编排的方法。并针对实测剖面中遇到的各种具体情况下,如何按分层计算真厚度举出一些实例。同时,对影响真厚度计算结果的各种因素,作了初步分析。 相似文献
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A stratigraphic section may be divided into lithologic units which in turn may be divided into beds. This paper gives a mathematical
formulation of stratigraphic sections that takes these two levels into account and uses bed properties to yield the thickness
and number of beds in lithologic units. The model is a semiMarkov chain in which the succession of lithologic bed types forms
a Markov chain and is an independent random variable. The model is tested against stratigraphic data obtained from micrologs.
There is close agreement between the observed and calculated thicknesses of lithologic units. Tests for the degree of agreement
between observed and calculated numbers of beds in lithologic units are hampered by inability to observe thin beds on micrologs.
Some implications of this limitation to stratigraphic analysis are noted. 相似文献
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薄储层厚度计算新方法探索 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
薄储层厚度的计算已有不少成熟的方法，如振幅法等。然而，仍存在不少的问题。例如，对于薄储层厚度的计算一般都主张采用振幅方法，但是，如果该薄储层的某一范围由于物性或岩性的变化（如含有油气等），则将引起振幅的显著变化，此时使用振幅去计算薄层厚度无疑会出现错误的结果。作者通过研究地层厚度变化对地层本身的反射系数谱及反射波频谱的影响规律，寻找到了一种新的计算薄层厚度的方法。模型试算表明，效果理想。 相似文献
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New insight into the evolution of large-volume turbidity currents: comparison of turbidite shape and previous modelling results 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Marnoso Arenacea Formation provides the most extensive correlation of individual flow deposits (beds) yet documented in an ancient turbidite system. These correlations provide unusually detailed constraints on bed shape, which is used to deduce flow evolution and assess the validity of numerical and laboratory models. Bed volumes have an approximately log‐normal frequency distribution; a small number of flows dominated sediment supply to this non‐channelized basin plain. Turbidite sandstone within small‐volume (<0·7 km3) beds thins downflow in an approximately exponential fashion. This shape is a property of spatially depletive flows, and has been reproduced by previous mathematical models and laboratory experiments. Sandstone intervals in larger‐volume (0·7–7 km3) beds have a broad thickness maximum in their proximal part. Grain‐size trends within this broad thickness maximum indicate spatially near‐uniform flow for distances of ∼30 km, although the flow was temporally unsteady. Previous mathematical models and laboratory experiments have not reproduced this type of deposit shape. This may be because models fail to simulate the way in which near bed sediment concentration tends towards a constant value (saturates) in powerful flows. Alternatively, the discrepancy may be the result of relatively high ratios of flow thickness and sediment settling velocity in submarine flows, together with very gradual changes in sea‐floor gradient. Intra‐bed erosion, temporally varying discharge, and reworking of suspension fallout as bedload could also help to explain the discrepancy in deposit shape. Most large‐volume beds contain an internal erosion surface underlain by inversely graded sandstone, recording waxing and waning flow. It has been inferred previously that these characteristics are diagnostic of turbidites generated by hyperpycnal flood discharge. These turbidites are too voluminous to have been formed by hyperpycnal flows, unless such flows are capable of eroding cubic kilometres of sea‐floor sediment. It is more likely that these flows originated from submarine slope failure. Two beds comprise multiple sandstone intervals separated only by turbidite mudstone. These features suggest that the submarine slope failures occurred as either a waxing and waning event, or in a number of stages. 相似文献
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应用人工神经网络解释煤层厚度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了人工神经网络解释煤层厚度的方法，为直接利用煤田地震资料确定煤层厚度提供了一种新的途径。利用煤层厚度与煤层反射波动力学特征参数之间的非线性关系，用人工神经网络进行定量描述，便可根据地震资料求出煤层厚度。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带发育于北天山和博格达山北侧的准噶尔盆地南部的山前地区,构造变形具有明显的横向分带、纵向分段、垂向分层特征,其主控因素在于挤压应力的作用方式和滑脱层的空间分布规律。西段受北天山斜向挤压应力作用影响,发育北西西向四排雁列式褶皱-冲断带,构造变形样式为基底卷入式厚皮构造和盖层滑脱式薄皮构造,变形过程受侏罗系煤层和白垩系、古近系高塑性泥岩层等多滑脱层控制。滑脱层及其上覆岩层厚度决定变形的强度和应力向前传递的远近程度,厚度越大,褶皱变形强度越大。东段受博格达山正向楔冲挤压应力作用影响,发育近东西向向北凸出的弧形基底卷入式褶皱-冲断带,滑脱构造不发育。根据构造变形特征和相似理论,利用沙箱模拟实验分别对正向挤压和15°、30°、45°等斜向挤压平面变形进行了模拟,结果表明正向挤压和15°斜向挤压是形成东段和西段变形特征的主控应力条件,并设计了斜向和正向挤压组合边界平面模拟实验进行了验证,合理地解释了东、西段构造变形的差异。利用双滑脱层剖面模型实验对西段四排褶皱-冲断带的演化过程进行了模拟再现。 相似文献
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The mineralogical composition of precursor sediments of calcareous rhythmites: a new approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A. Munnecke H. Westphal M. Elrick J. Reijmer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2001,90(4):795-812
Previous studies in Silurian carbonates from Gotland (Sweden) have led to a model for the development of limestone-marl alternations. This model postulates that early diagenesis of precursor sediments without strong primary differences can result in a differentiation by selective dissolution of aragonite in marl beds and reprecipitation of calcite cement in limestone beds. This model is described as a set of mathematical equations that quantify the diagenetic processes (aragonite dissolution and calcite reprecipitation) that occur during the formation of limestone-marl interbeds from a hypothetical homogeneous precursor sediment. The calculations demonstrate that resulting hypothetical limestone-marl alternations show characteristic mathematical relationships between the ratios of the bed thicknesses of limestones and marls on one side, and the carbonate contents, on the other. By reversing this model, the original mineralogical composition of the precursor sediment of real-world rhythmic successions can be determined. In this study, alternations from the Silurian of Gotland, the Cambrian, Devonian, and Mississippian of North America, the Jurassic of France and Germany, and the Cretaceous of France are shown to exhibit mathematical relationships similar to those calculated for hypothetical precursor sediments without primary differences. Therefore, the mineralogical composition of their precursor sediments can be estimated. In contrast, the clear mismatch shown by the Lower Jurassic Belemnite Marls from Dorset indicates that these rhythms did not suffer an early diagenetic overprint. Our model helps to differentiate between rhythmites with strong depositional variations and those without; however, it cannot indicate whether a given alternation is the product of rhythmic diagenesis of a homogeneous precursor sediment or the result of diagenetic enhancement of subtle underlying sedimentary rhythms. For horizontally correlated patterns, such as laterally extensive beds and layers of nodules, an a priori unknown external signal has to be assumed. 相似文献
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分频解释技术及其在陆相砂岩地层地震勘探中的应用分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用分频解释原理沿着目的储层或固定时窗对地震反射成分中各种频率成分对应的调谐能量进行识别成像,并以此解释技术来识别砂体的空间展布形态、相对沉积厚度及薄互层叠置关系。某地区目的层—沙溪庙组以一套河流-三角洲沉积为主,且薄互层发育,单层厚度多在20 m以下,基于传统地震属性分析(振幅、相位等)的有效分辨率、检测极限的限制,为了能更精细刻画砂体边界和寻找相对有利储集相带,首次将分频解释技术加以运用,分析成像结果显示古河道、水下分流河道、三角洲前缘席状砂体等外形和边界异常清晰,相对沉积厚度关系明确,十米左右的薄层砂体均能得到很好的响应,与已知钻井情况吻合率达95%以上。 相似文献
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Granular pile-anchor (GPA) technique has been found to be an innovative foundation technique for expansive clays posing the dual problem of swelling and shrinkage. Swelling occurs during absorption of water and shrinkage during evaporation of water. Generally, in field expansive clay beds, swelling takes place during rainy seasons and shrinkage during summers. GPA is a recent innovative foundation technique devised to ameliorate the dual swell-shrink problem of structures founded on expansive clay beds. The other innovative techniques are drilled piers, belled piers and under-reamed piles. Laboratory scale model studies and field scale experiments on GPAs yielded useful results and revealed that swelling of expansive clay beds was effectively controlled by GPA technique. Studies on swell-shrink behaviour of GPA-reinforced clay beds have not been performed so far. This paper presents results obtained from laboratory scale model studies on GPA-reinforced expansive clay beds subjected to alternate cycles of swelling and shrinkage. The data presented in this paper pertain to the swelling of test clay beds under the influence of three swell-shrink cycles (N) spanning a time period of 300 days. The test clay beds were reinforced with varying number of GPAs (n = 0, 1, 2 and 3). Heave (mm) in a given swell-shrink cycle decreased with increasing number of GPAs. Further, for a given number of GPAs (n), heave (mm) also decreased with increase in depth from the top of the clay bed. It was found that the resultant thickness of the clay bed (Hr) for swelling increased with increasing number of cycles. However, the percentage heave (ΔH/Hr) decreased as the number of swell-shrink cycles (N) increased. 相似文献
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开平煤田深部9煤层是重要的战略后备资源．对煤厚预测的可靠程度,是准确估算资源量的关键。根据该煤田沉积环境、赋煤规律及构造发育特征,选择了3条不同方向的剖面,建立了以煤层厚度及煤层厚度预测点与煤层露头之问距离的线性回归模型、多项式模型及波动模型,并利用Matlab数学建模软件,对各种数学模型进行拟合。根据该煤田沉积特点,对拟合结果进行分析与对比,在此基础上选择最佳数学模型,对开平煤田深部9煤厚度进行预测。拟合结果显示,深部9煤的煤厚变化规律明显,符合多项式拟合公式,其中三次多项式预测模型的置信度较高,能较好反映深部9煤厚度变化。 相似文献