共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为更合理地确定巷道围岩松动圈厚度,引入量纲分析理论,提出新的巷道围岩松动圈预测方法。选取岩石单轴抗压强度Rc、围岩节理系数F、围岩重度?、巷道埋深H、最大水平主应力?Hmax、巷道跨度B等物理量,应用量纲分析法构建巷道围岩松动圈厚度L与上述物理量间的无量纲关系式,其中L/H表征松动圈厚度L与巷道埋深H成正比,F表征巷道围岩的结构特征,?H/Rc、?Hmax/Rc 表征巷道围岩的力学特征,B/H表征巷道的几何特征。结合实测数据,推导了各无量纲量间的定量函数表达式,残差平方和为0.003 1,相关系数为0.937 9。选取3个矿山巷道围岩松动圈测试实例对所建立的松动圈预测模型进行验证,结果表明该方法计算结果与实测结果较吻合,平均相对误差为7.38%,能满足工程需要。 相似文献
2.
Elastic Solution for Deep Tunnels. Application to Excavation Damage Zone and Rockbolt Support 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(2):147-174
Summary A new formulation is presented for deep circular tunnels in rock with cylindrical anisotropy. The formulation is an exact
solution since it satisfies equilibrium, strain compatibility, and the anisotropic constitutive model. Complete solutions
have been found for two scenarios: tunnel with excavation damage zone, and tunnel with rockbolt support. The solution is based
on the assumption of a deep, circular tunnel in a medium with two homogeneous zones: an inner zone surrounding the tunnel,
which is either isotropic or anisotropic, and an outer zone, for the remainder of the medium, which is isotropic. Plane strain
conditions, elastic response of rock, rockbolts and support, and simultaneous excavation and support installation are also
assumed. For tunnels surrounded by an excavation damage zone with reduced rock properties, the tangential stresses and the
radial deformations at the tunnel wall are very sensitive to both the magnitude of stiffness reduction of the damaged rock
and the size of the damaged zone. The effect of the rockbolts on the rock is approximated by treating the rockbolt-rock composite
as a material with cylindrical anisotropy with stiffnesses related to the properties of the rock and rockbolts, and spacing
of the rockbolts. Comparisons between the analytical solution and a numerical method show small differences and provide confidence
in the approach suggested. 相似文献
3.
地下洞室开挖爆破围岩松动圈的数值分析计算 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据数值计算提出了在地下洞室开挖爆破中,确定围岩松动圈的方法。给出了地下洞室开挖爆破的三维弹塑性损伤有限元计算方法。该方法论述了爆破荷载、重力荷载和开挖荷载的计算、施加以及迭代的方法,可以合理反应爆破对围岩稳定的影响和锚固支护施加的效果;结合岩石松动圈的实测方法,推导了判定围岩开始松动的损伤系数阈值公式,可以结合数值计算得到的洞周围岩损伤系数分布,确定在开挖爆破作用下围岩松动圈的范围。对实际工程的分析计算表明,根据数值计算判定的围岩松动范围与实测松动范围的规律基本一致,量值吻合较好,其结果为地下洞室开挖爆破的围岩松动圈的确定提供了有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
Excavation damaged zone, with significant irreversible deformations and nonnegligible changes in flow and transport properties generally occurs in indurated clay around underground structures. The stress perturbation around the excavation could lead to a significant increase of the permeability physically due to diffuse and/or localized microcracks growth in the material. In the present study, we investigate microcracks-induced damage processes together with the subsequent modification in permeability. The proposed approach is based on a homogenization-based upper bound extended to the context of microcracked media in presence of initial stress. Application of this approach is done on a borehole excavation problem related to the Selfrac in situ experiments on Opalinus Clay. Although, the model fails to quantitatively account for the in situ permeability change (which may also originated from existing macrofractures), its prediction shows a significant evolution of the material permeability around the borehole. This is in qualitative agreement with available data. 相似文献
5.
Analysis of flow path around the sealing section HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenjie Xu Hua Shao Paul Marschall Jürgen Hesser Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(7):3363-3380
As part of the HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, large-scale in situ water/gas injection experiments was conducted in a microtunnel. This research work focuses on the numerical analysis of the experimental data and the in situ observations. Concerning a temporary change of the hydromechanical properties of Opalinus Clay during experimental operations, three phases were numerically interpreted. These included the generation of excavation damaged zone during tunnel excavation, in which highly permeable flow paths around the tunnel have been formed; the self-sealing effect during water tests; and the pressure evolution during a long-term gas injection test. A coupled two-phase flow and mechanics model, taking into account the strong anisotropic properties of Opalinus Clay, was developed to interpret the measured data. The hydraulic anisotropy was described by a transversely isotropic permeability tensor. An elasto-plastic model was established to consider both stiffness anisotropy and strength anisotropy. Anisotropic plasticity was studied using the microstructure tensor method. 相似文献
6.
Li Yu Eef Weetjens Xavier Sillen Tim Vietor Xiangling Li Pierre Delage Vincent Labiouse Robert Charlier 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):3-19
A proper evaluation of the perturbations of the host rock induced by the excavation and the emplacement of exothermic wastes is essential for the assessment of the long-term safety of high-level radioactive waste disposals in clay formations. The impact of the thermal transient on the evolution of the damaged zone (DZ) has been explored in the European Commission project TIMODAZ (thermal impact on the damaged zone around a radioactive waste disposal in clay host rocks, 2006–2010). This paper integrates the scientific results of the TIMODAZ project from a performance assessment (PA) point of view, showing how these results support and justify key PA assumptions and the values of PA model parameters. This paper also contextualises the significance of the thermal impact on the DZ from a safety case perspective, highlighting how the project outcomes result into an improved understanding of the thermo–hydro–mechanical behaviour of the clay host rocks. The results obtained in the TIMODAZ project strengthen the assessment basis of the safety evaluation of the current repository designs. There was no evidence throughout the TIMODAZ experimental observations of a temperature-induced additional opening of fractures nor of a significant permeability increase of the DZ. Instead, thermally induced plasticity, swelling and creep seem to be beneficial to the sealing of fractures and to the recovery of a very low permeability in the DZ, close to that of an undisturbed clay host rock. Results from the TIMODAZ project indicate that the favourable properties of the clay host rock, which guarantee the effectiveness of the safety functions of the repository system, are expected to be maintained after the heating–cooling cycle. Hence, the basic assumptions usually made in PA calculations so far are expected to remain valid, and the performance of the system should not be affected in a negative way by the thermal evolution of the DZ around a radioactive waste repository in clay host rock. 相似文献
7.
硬脆性围岩在开挖完成后，其强度在高应力的影响下具有明显的时间效应，这导致围岩开挖损伤区的发展也呈现出与时间相关的特征。在岩石强度时效性演化模型的基础上，以锦屏二级水电站试验洞钻孔摄像、声波、变形监测等开挖损伤区实测结果为目标函数，采用正交设计方法、最小二乘支持向量机模型、粒子群优化算法等方法，建立了考虑时间效应的LSSVM-PSO智能反演分析方法，并以锦屏二级水电站试验洞为例，研究了开挖完成后的25 d里，围岩强度在高地应力条件下的时效性演化特征，进而获得这一时段内开挖损伤区扩展过程。研究结果表明：（1）高应力地区，隧洞开挖后，围岩损伤区的主要扩展方向受地应力控制，且最大扩展方向为最小主应力方向，且破坏区（破坏接近度FAI≥2）也集中于该方向； （2）开挖损伤区面积随时间近似呈S形曲线变化，表明开挖损伤区初始发展较为缓慢，随着时间推移呈现线性增加的趋势，最后又逐渐趋于稳定；（3）开挖后第3～10 d为开挖损伤区快速增长阶段。该研究成果对高应力地区硬脆性围岩开挖损伤区时效性演化研究具有指导意义。 相似文献
8.
高地应力条件下隧道或硐室钻爆开挖需考虑初始地应力动态卸荷效应,同时其最终损伤形态会受多个因素影响。采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D讨论了爆破荷载与地应力动态卸荷复合作用下隧道围岩损伤分布,并重点研究了侧压力系数、岩体力学性质、卸荷速率对围岩损伤范围的影响,最后通过赣龙铁路梅花山隧道开挖损伤区检测结果进行了验证。研究表明,考虑动态卸荷效应的围岩损伤范围明显大于只考虑爆破荷载作用下的围岩损伤范围,在中高地应力条件下,初始地应力动态卸荷对围岩的损伤破坏作用不可忽视;随着侧压力系数逐渐增大,损伤区形态呈现明显的方向性,当侧压力系数为1时,损伤区沿开挖轮廓面分布较为均匀,侧压力系数不为1时,损伤区主要向小主应力方向集中;岩石力学性质越好,损伤范围越小;卸荷速率越快,围岩损伤范围越大,但影响并不十分显著。结果可为高地应力下隧道开挖稳定性分析和支护设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
9.
Avi Dutt M. S. Saini T. N. Singh A. K. Verma R. K. Bajpai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2327-2341
In our study, a coupled hydrologic-mechanical analysis is done of the excavation damaged zone, before the emplacement of nuclear waste. This is followed by a coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanical analysis to evaluate the impact of nuclear waste repository in porous water containing rock mass. This analysis has been under taken in accordance with the Indian reference disposal system. The paper considers the changes in pore pressure and stresses due to excavation of disposal holes. A critical study of rock mass permeability, porosity, thermally induced stresses, strains, and temperature distribution after the emplacement of nuclear spent fuels in disposal holes has also been done. Coupling to the mechanical constitutive equations is done via ??effective?? normal strain rates. 相似文献
10.
淮南板集煤矿F512断层导水性分析及地面注浆加固 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
板集煤矿F512断层落差70m,存在着导通上覆新生界松散层水与下伏太原组岩溶水的威胁,同时,断层带的破碎岩体也将对巷道掘进和支护带来困难。该矿先后施工了3个水文地质钻孔进行抽水和压水试验,根据岩心鉴定成果和岩石RQD值,认为断层带的岩心较为破碎;依据抽水过程中的流量变化、水位降深值和水位恢复值等指标及压水试验中透水率分析,发现该断层的导水性较差,具有弱渗透性。参考相邻矿区的经验,决定对断层破碎岩体采用地面注浆方法进行加固。整个工种注入水泥浆1 600m3,破碎岩体得到了有效加固,巷道掘进顺利通过了F512断层。 相似文献
11.
Around galleries excavated at depth in geological media, the creation of a damaged zone with significant irreversible deformation is generally unavoidable. In the case of a geological disposal system for high-level radioactive waste, the resulting change in the host rock properties in this damaged zone may potentially be important with respect to the long-term evolution and the performance of that system. In this context, predicting the extent of the so-called Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) and, possibly, the fractures’ network topology remains a challenge. This study is aimed to simulate numerically the extension of this zone at the large scale’s excavation, around the Connecting gallery (HADES URL, Mol, Belgium), in Boom clay host rock through analyzing the evolution of strain localization in shear bands mode. To realistically model the involved phenomena, the concrete lining is considered on the gallery wall highlighting its impacts on the evolution of convergence and EDZ around the gallery. The focus of the current paper is made on analyzing the coupled hydro-mechanical behavior of Boom clay host rock during and after the gallery excavation with respect to the evolution of localized shear bands around the gallery. This study is accompanied by the analysis of the contact mechanism on the interface between the clay massive and the lining. The obtained results reveal some interesting features regarding the contact phenomenon relatively to the evolution pattern of shear bands within the clay around the gallery. To assess the reliability of the proposed approach, a discussion on some in-situ observations during the gallery’s construction is also performed based on which a good agreement is found between the in-situ evidence and simulated results. 相似文献
12.
13.
A.N. Galybin A.V. Dyskin B.G. Tarasov R.J. Jewell 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):267-289
The construction of stable structures in rock masses requires knowledge of the in situ stresses at the scale of excavations. However, the measurements obtained by the conventional overcoring technique are related to a small scale (centimetres). To extrapolate them to the scales of interest to rock mechanics (from meters to kilometres) requires a large number of individual stress measurements, followed by statistical analysis to avoid a considerable scatter of the measured values. In this paper, a method is proposed based on (a) large-scale surface stress and modulus measurements using the cylindrical jack method complemented by a special measuring scheme and then (b) back analysis for a given excavation shape. The method allows the simultaneous reconstruction of the stress components at the scale of excavation. A numerical simulation for a cylindrical excavation in an isotropic rock mass demonstrates the high accuracy and robustness of the method. The presence of a fractured zone surrounding the excavation can hamper the stress reconstruction, hence special measures should be taken to conduct the measurements in competent rock. 相似文献
14.
采用非饱和的渗流应力耦合模型分析了糯扎渡水电站2#导流洞的开挖过程,导流洞部分洞身穿过节理带,洞顶水头较高。详细地讨论了高水头和节理带对施工过程的影响。节理带采用描述高密度平行节理组的各向异性节理本构来逼近;考虑开挖引起的介质变形对渗透系数的影响;考虑排水引起的饱和度变化对渗透系数的影响。所用的非饱和瞬态耦合模型可以模拟出开挖引起的EDZ区域孔隙水压力急剧升高、有效应力减小、渗透系数动态的变化以及排水对洞室稳定性的提高。数值模拟的计算结果与国外类似试验的一般性观测结论相吻合,因此,可以用来评价水位以下隧洞施工方法和施工速度的合理性和经济性。 相似文献
15.
为了研究地下盐穴开挖扰动区（EDZ）损伤盐岩在盐穴综合利用过程中的自恢复特性,设计了损伤盐岩在卤水温度作用下的自恢复试验。结果表明：损伤盐岩经过卤水浸泡后在不同温度下烘干时力学性质可以得到恢复,在试验温度范围35～80 ℃内,其恢复效果随着温度的增加而增强。经过恢复处理的损伤盐岩试件二次加载时的声发射特征显示,其Felicity比低于0.1,Kaiser效应基本不成立,说明损伤盐岩在自恢复处理过程中其内部损伤在细观尺度上发生愈合。根据损伤盐岩试件自恢复处理后的细观形貌特征,总结出盐岩损伤恢复3种不同的细观机制：基于扩散作用的损伤微裂纹愈合,基于NaCl晶体重结晶作用的微裂隙充填以及破碎区NaCl晶体颗粒的愈合黏结。盐岩损伤恢复过程中,裂纹中充填的饱和卤水为裂纹中的物质传递提供了通道,同时提供了大量的结晶基础物质,为盐岩损伤愈合奠定了基础。温度的升高为盐岩损伤恢复提供了更高的能量,提升了损伤愈合速度,同时使氯化钠重结晶密度增加,从而提高了损伤恢复程度。 相似文献
16.
A general approach to rock engineering designing aspects adopted at the Khiritharn Pumped Storage Scheme is described. The scheme involves excavation of three large caverns and tunnels in jointed sandstone within a suture zone in Southeast Thailand. Geological condition and engineering properties of the sandstone were investigated. Strength and modulus properties of the intact rock were determined from laboratory tests and properties of rock mass were empirically estimated for the design analysis in the de.nite study stage on the basis of three rock mass classi.cation systems namely the Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Geological Strength Index (GSI) and a Japanese system (EPDC). While the GSI gives strength and modulus of deformation values slightly higher than the RMR classi.cation, the EPDC gives a lower value of modulus of deformation but comparable rock mass strength value for the level of con.ning pressures at the depth of the cavern excavation. The results of stress analysis and loosening wedge analysis for the cavern excavations suggest favorable excavation condition. 相似文献
17.
通过改进的PFC-FLAC离散−连续耦合计算方法,提出了一种基于FLAC连续模型耦合区域节点速率双线性插值的PFC颗粒流声发射片模拟方法以及基于声发射强度的围岩破坏区深度细观角度判别方法,并将其应用于地下厂房洞室开挖面、岩锚吊车梁与岩壁接触面等局部围岩损伤细观机制与破化特性研究。研究结果表明：浅层围岩接触力链逐渐稀疏,大量微裂纹发育并汇集成宏观裂隙,最终出现浅层破裂区,呈拉裂破坏;随着距离开挖面的增大,围岩从开挖前期受力较大产生破坏、到开挖后期只有少量微裂纹产生,对应了围岩回弹卸荷区深度。在岩壁围岩劣化和吊车梁超载的情况下,吊车梁与岩壁竖直接触面和倾斜接触面分别发育大量拉裂纹和剪裂纹,宏观表现为拉裂破坏与滑移破坏。上述分析结果与三维有限元方法相一致,并弥补了后者围岩破坏显示方法单一、难以描述围岩损伤程度变化的缺点,为研究地下厂房洞室大变形与应力集中部位的宏细观特性与损伤机制提供参考。 相似文献
18.
Numerical Modelling of the Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour of Opalinus Clay at the Laboratory-Scale Using FEM/DEM 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andrea Lisjak Bryan S. A. Tatone Giovanni Grasselli Tim Vietor 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):187-206
The Opalinus Clay (OPA) is an argillaceous rock formation selected to host a deep geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste in Switzerland. It has been shown that the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in this formation is heavily affected by the anisotropic mechanical response of the material related to the presence of bedding planes. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to illustrate the new developments that have been introduced into the combined finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM) to model layered materials and (ii) to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new modelling approach in simulating the short-term mechanical response of OPA at the laboratory-scale. A transversely isotropic elastic constitutive law is implemented to account for the anisotropic elastic modulus, while a procedure to incorporate a distribution of preferentially oriented defects is devised to capture the anisotropic strength. Laboratory results of indirect tensile tests and uniaxial compression tests are used to calibrate the numerical model. Emergent strength and deformation properties, together with the simulated damage mechanisms, are shown to be in strong agreement with experimental observations. Subsequently, the calibrated model is validated by investigating the effect of confinement and the influence of the loading angle with respect to the specimen anisotropy. Simulated fracture patterns are discussed in the context of the theory of brittle rock failure and analyzed with reference to the EDZ formation mechanisms observed at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory. 相似文献
19.
Application of an Improved Flow-Stress-Damage Model to the Criticality Assessment of Water Inrush in a Mine: a Case Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Q. Zhang Y. N. He C. A. Tang Bashir Ahmad L. J. Han 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(6):911-930
This paper presents a case study of water inrush on a mine working face from roof strata. The flow-rock failure process analysis
(F-RFPA2D) code with an improved flow-stress-damage (FSD) model was adopted to perform the failure and coupling analysis. The improved
FSD model was used to represent the permeability variation at the four stages (elastic, damaged, cracked, and crack closure)
of the rock failure process. The fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence in the stressed strata and the seepage
field evolution in the stress field are represented visually during the whole process of water inrush. The failure zone with
high permeability induced by mining disturbance becomes the water-conducting zone after full excavation of the coal seam.
The height of the water-conducting zone obtained in this study is in reasonable accordance with that predicted by an empirical
formula. It is definitely clarified that the water inrush from the roof strata is induced by the failure zone full of vertical
coalesced mine fractures. It is unlikely that roof accidents resulting in water inrush would occur if the water-conducting
zone does not grow upwards into the aquifer. The main task for mine extraction under a confined aquifer is to locate the aquifer
and find the maximum height of the water-conducting zone, which is very important for mine construction and support design. 相似文献
20.
Laboratory and In Situ Simulation Tests of the Excavation Damaged Zone Around Galleries in Opalinus Clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the context of nuclear waste disposal in clay formations, laboratory and in situ simulation experiments were performed to study at reduced scale the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around tunnels in the indurated Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri, Switzerland. In the laboratory, thick-walled hollow cylindrical specimens were subjected to a mechanical unloading mimicking a gallery excavation. In samples cored parallel to bedding, cracks sub-parallel to the bedding planes open and lead to a buckling failure in two regions that extend from the borehole in the direction normal to bedding. The behaviour is clearly anisotropic. On the other hand, in experiments performed on specimens cored perpendicular to bedding, there is no indication of failure around the hole and the response of the hollow cylinder sample is mainly isotropic. The in situ experiment at Mont Terri which consisted in the overcoring of a resin-injected borehole that follows the bedding strike of the Opalinus Clay showed a striking similarity between the induced damaged zone and the fracture pattern observed in the hollow cylinder tests on samples cored parallel to bedding and such a bedding controlled “Excavation” Damaged Zone is as well consistent with the distinct fracture patterns observed at Mont Terri depending on the orientation of holes/galleries with respect to the bedding planes. Interestingly, the damaged zone observed in the hollow cylinder tests on samples cored parallel to bedding and in situ around URL galleries is found to develop in reverse directions in Boom Clay (Mol) and in Opalinus Clay (Mont Terri). This most probably results from different failure mechanisms, i.e. shear failure along conjugated planes in the plastic Boom Clay, but bedding plane splitting and buckling in the indurated Opalinus Clay. 相似文献