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1.
During the 13th (1996–1997) and the 19th (2002–2003) Chinese National Antarctica Research Expeditions, we collected 60 discrete surface seawater samples along the
cruise from the Chanjiang River (Yangtze) estuary (30°59′S, 122°26′E) through Taiwan Strait, the South China Sea, and the
Eastern Indian Ocean to Prydz Bay, Antarctica (69°10′S, 74°30′E), and analyzed them for the 226Ra specific activity. The 226Ra specific activity of the Chanjiang River estuary surface water (3.15 Bq/m3) was found to be the highest among all the surface samples because of the desorption of 226Ra from riverine particles. Between Chanjiang River estuary and 40°S, 226Ra specific activity was found to be relatively uniform with a mean value of 1.07 Bq/m3 (n = 19, SD = 0.14), similar to that of the open ocean. From 40°S to 65°S, 226Ra specific activity increased intensively, then decreased moderately further southwards. Near the Antarctic shore, it increased
again, to 2.31 Bq/m3. This distribution was controlled by a combination of deep water upwelling, Southern Ocean fronts, water mixing and the continental
226Ra import. In Prydz Bay and the adjacent sea area, the mean 226Ra activity value was 2.26 Bq/m3 (n = 31, SD = 0.28), with a relatively higher value outside of the bay and low 226Ra activity value in the center of the bay. This was consistent with the topography and hydrological setting of the bay. In
addition, we extended the study area northward to the Arctic, by combining the published 226Ra dataset for surface water from the Bering Sea to the Japan Sea. We also discuss the 226Ra distribution of high latitude oceanic surface water and its mechanisms. 相似文献
2.
Geochemical studies of the U, Th, Ra, and40K in surface sediments of the China Sea and adjacent sea areas, the lower reaches of the Huanghe and Changjiang Rivers and
the estuaries of the Zhujiang and Rongjiang Rivers were carried out with a model 8180-4K multichannel Ge(Li)γ spectrometer
in 1981–1985. The mean values of U, Ra, Th,40K are about 2.11 ppm, 7.67×10−13g/g, 11.00 ppm, and 2.33 ppm respectively, in the China Sea, the Okinawa Trough, and the Changjiang and Huanghe River estuaries.
The distribution of the four isotopes is uniform in the above zone.
The contents of U and Th in the sediments of the Zhujiang and Rongjiang Rivers and the Fujian coast are 1–4 times higher than
those of the above zone and are related to the granite and radioactive ore present in the upper reaches of these rivers or
the adjacent mountains.
The distributions of U, Th, Ra, and40K are related to the physico-chemical property, redox state, geological type and grain size of the sediment, and biotic activity.
Contribution No. 1408, Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao. 相似文献
3.
Both nitrate (NO3−) and soluble reactive phosphate (PO43−) concentration in the freshwater end-member at the mouth of the Changjiang River have increased dramatically since the 1960s.
Within the same period in the sea area, with surface salinity>30, NO3− concentration has shown an obvious increase, PO43− has not changed greatly and dissolved reactive silica (SiO32−) has deceased dramatically. An examination of the elemental ratio of NO3− to PO43− at the mouth of the Changjiang River did not show a systematic trend from the 1960s to 2000s largely because both nutrients
increased simultaneously. In comparison, the elemental ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO43− in surface seawater, with salinity>22, has shown a clearly increasing trend. Furthermore, an overall historical change of
the SiO32−:PO43− ratio has undergone a reverse trend in this area. Based on the changes of SiO32−:PO43− and DIN:PO43− ratios, we can conclude that an overall historical change of SiO32−:DIN ratio has decreased in this area from the 1950–1960s to 2000s. The argument that phytoplankton productivity in the Changjiang
estuary has been enhanced by increasing nutrient input from the riverine transport was supported by these results. A comparative
study analyzing the shift of phytoplankton composition from the mid-1980s to 2000s was also made. The results indicated that
the average yearly percentage of diatom species in the Changjiang estuary has decreased from 84.6% during 1985–1986 to 69.8%
during 2004–2005. Furthermore, the average yearly percentage of diatom abundance in the Changjiang estuary decreased from
99.5% during to 75.5% over the same time period, while the abundance of dinoflagellates has increased dramatically, from 0.7%
to 25.4%. 相似文献
4.
Trare amounts of benzene hydrocarbons obtained in Jiaozhou Bay (Qindao) were enriched bysorption on a GDX-102 column and eluted by carbon disulfide. The eluted was concenttaled and then de-temened by capillary column gas cbornatognphy.The contents of virious kinds of benzene hydrocarbons in Jiaozhou Bay coastal water were benzene(22.3-141.6)× 10～(-9)g/L, toluate (15.2-94.0) × 10~(-9) g/L, ethyl benzene(11.8-85.1)×10~(-9) g/L, p -xylene(15.2-78.5) ×10(-9) g/L, m-xylene (10.9-79.4) ×10(-9) g/L, o -xylene (12.4-80.1) x ×10(-9)g/L; iso-propyl(8.4- 73.1) x ×10(-9)g/L, n -propyl (6.9-76.4) ×10(-9) g/L, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (10.9- 35.9)×10(-9) g/L, 1,2, 4-trimethybenzene (10.0- 38.0)×10(-9) g/L, n - butydriare (8. 1 - 34.6) ×10(-9)g/L. The recovery of benzenehydrocarbons was (85.1 -95.6)%. 相似文献
5.
Dilution incubations and Calanus sinicus addition incubations were simultaneously conducted at five stations in the Yellow Sea in June of 2004 to evaluate the impact
of microzooplankton and Calanus sinicus on phytoplankton based on the Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) levels. The Chl-a growth rates (k) ranged from 0.60–1.67 d−1, while microzooplankton grazed the Chl-a at rates (g) of 0.29–0.62 dt-1. The addition of C. sinicus enhanced the Chl-a growth rate (Z) by 0.004–0.037 d−1 ind.−1 L. C. sinicus abundance ranged from 84.1–160.9 ind. m−3, which occupied 90.7%–99.1% of the copepod (>500 μm) population. The in-situ increase in phytoplankton by C. sinicus community was estimated to be 0.000 4–0.005 9 d−1. These results showed that microzooplankton were the main grazers of phytoplankton, while C. sinicus induced a slight increase in the levels of phytoplankton. 相似文献
6.
From the synopical CTD sections in the WOCE PR11 repeated cruises, the South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (SPSTMW) has been identified in the region of the Tasman Front Extension (TFE) around 29?S to the east of Australia. In the depth range of 150-250 m, the SPSTMW appears as a thermostad with vertical temperature gradient lower than 1.6℃(100 m)-1 and a tem- perature range of 16.5-19.5℃ and as a pycnostad with PV lower than 2×10-10 m-1 s-1 and a potential density range of 25.4-26.0 kg m-3. Like the subtropical mode waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, the formation of the SPSTMW is associated with the convective mixing during the austral wintertime as manifested from the time series of the Argo floats. And cold water entrains into the mixed layer with the deepening mixed layer from September to the middle of October. During the wintertime formation process, mesoscale eddies prevailing in the TFE region play an important role in the SPSTMW formation, and have a great effect on the SPSTMW distribution in the next year. The deeper (shallower) mixed layer in wintertime, consistent with the depressed (uplifted) permanent thermocline, is formed by the anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies, and the substantial mode water thicker than 50 m is mainly found in the region of the anticyclonic eddies where the permanent thermocline is deeper than 450 m. 相似文献
7.
The SCENTO-System was used to study the carbon dynamics between phytoplankton primary production and heterotrophic bacterial
secondary production. Most of the methods used nowadays in situ for limnological synecology studies were applied. Primary
production measurement showed an increasing tendency with increasing content of chlorophylla. It provided a true photosynthetic
rate lying within the range of eutrophic lakes. Net EOC released from the algae ranged from 8.5 to 27.5 μg C l−1(6h)−1. Accompanying the algal products the number of bacteria increased from 1.475 ×109 to 8.074×109 cells l−1. The bacterial mean cell volume was small, between 0.0315 and 0.0548μm3. Bacterial carbon production from direct growth estimates was compared with independent calculations of bacterial growth
from EOC uptake and3H-thymidine incorporation. Direct estimates were 2.97–10.0 μg Cl−1 (24h)−1 with the exception of a zero-growth on the third day. EOC uptake was 123.5–191.0 μg Cl−1 (6h)−1. That calculated from3H-thymidine incorporation was 0.2–0.5 μg Cl−1 (6h)−1.14C-glucose dark uptake ran parallel to the increasing bacterial biomass. The respiration of glucose was 6.5% (avg.) of the
gross uptake. Since the system operated without grazing pressure, a real carbon flow from primary production to bacterial
secondary production could be observed. 相似文献
8.
A cruise was undertaken from 3rd to 8th November 2004 in Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and its adjacent waters to investigate the spatial biomass distribution and size composition of phytoplankton. Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration ranged 0.42-1.17 μg L^-1 and 0.41-10.43 μg L^-1 inside and outside the river mouth, with the mean value 0.73 μg L^-1 and 1.86 μg L^-1, respectively. Compared with the Chl-a concentration in summer of 2004, the mean value was much lower inside, and a little higher outside the river mouth. The maximal Chl-a was 10.43 μg L^-1 at station 18 （122.67°E, 31.25°N）, and the region of high Chl-a concentration was observed in the central survey area between 122.5°E and 123.0°E. In the stations located east of 122.5°E, Chl-a concentration was generally high in the upper layers above 5 m due to water stratification. In the survey area, the average Chl-a in sizes of 〉20 μm and 〈20 μm was 0.28 μg L^-1 and 1.40 μg L^-1, respectively. High Chl-a concentration of 〈20 μm size-fraction indicated that the nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton contributed the most to the biomass of phytoplankton. Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans and Scrippsiella trochoidea were the dominant species in surface water. The spatial distribution of cell abundance of phytoplankton was patchy and did not agree well with that of Chl-a, as the cell abundance could not distinguish the differences in shape and size of phytoplankton cells. Nitrate and silicate behaved conservatively, but the former could probably be the limitation factor to algal biomass at offshore stations. The distribution of phosphate scattered considerably, and its relation to the phytoplankton biomass was complicated. 相似文献
9.
Liang Yanling 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1984,2(1):102-108
Branchiura sowerbyi in the Donghu Lake (Wuhan, China) completes its life cycle in one year. Its production rates were 6.7 g m−2 yr−1 (wet weight) during the period from April 1962 to May 1963 and 8.6g m−2 yr−1 during the period from August 1963 to August 1964. The standing stocks in corresponding periods were 1.9g m−2 (wet weight) and 1.1g m−2, and theP/B ratios were 3.6 and 7.8. Based on the standing stock during 1973–1975, an evaluation of recent productin levels ofB. sowerbyi in Donghu Lake has also been made (i.e. 5.7–33.5g m−2 yr−1). 相似文献
10.
1 ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｒｅａｌｉｚｅｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｓｕｃ ｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙ .Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｌａｃｋｏｆｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｏｂｓｅｒｖａ ｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａｂｒｏａｄａｒｅａ ,ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅ ｃｏｍｅａｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｔｏｏｌｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓａ… 相似文献
11.
A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron (Ⅲ). The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron (Ⅲ) on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 in acid medium. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is sensitive, accurate, rapid, inexpensive, can be operated under room temperature and has a large determination concentration range compared to other techniques. The obtained optimum conditions are pH 3.15, RAWL (200 mgL-1) 5.00mL, Potassium periodate solution (0.01 molL-1) 0.30mL, phenanthroline (0.02molL-1) 1.00mL, reaction temperature 25℃ and reaction time 7 miu. With this method iron could quantitively be determined in the range 0.00-0.02 mgL-1, the detection limit being 4.10×10-10mL-1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) in five replicate determinations for 3 μgL-1 and 5μgL-1 iron (Ⅲ) are 3.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of iron (Ⅲ) in tap water samples and seawater samples (from the South China Sea), the recovery rates being 98.0% and 100.5%, respectively. 相似文献
12.
mODUCTIONTheislandsOfHaitan,Yuo,Dalian,DowiangandCaoguinPingtanCoUntyofFu-jianProvincearetogetherthewhtoasPingtan(25'l5'-25o45'E,l19"32'-12o"lo'N,EaStChinaSea).AmngthemHaitangIslanisthedrinoneinPingtanCotmty,andthelargestinFuianProvince.RngtanhaSanatuIalfishinggroUn(SeduMOUntaln)beingrenownedboghoutthecOUnnyandawelldeVfoPedaqUacultUreindusny.Pingtanwa-tersresotirceswerestirveyedforthefirsttimebytheauthorssothattheknowedgegainedcanbeaPPliedforbettereaploitahon,PIDechon,andde… 相似文献
13.
Two surveys were performed for determining bacteria biomass (BB), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (chl-a) and nutrient concentrations at 11 stations with three sampling depths in the high-incidence regions of red tide in the East
China Sea (ECS) in the spring of 2006. Temperature and salinity increased from nearshore to offshore region and from high
latitude to low latitude in the two cruises of 2006. BB were between 0.3–5.2 mgC m−3 (about 2.1 mgC m−3 on average) and 0.2–6.0 mgC m−3 (about 2.7 mgC m−3 on average) respectively in the two cruises. BB in the surface layer decreased from the Changjiang River estuary to high
sea and from low latitude to high latitude. The results showed that bacterial growth was regulated by temperature, primary
production and inorganic nutrient concentrations depending on different hydrographic conditions. In the surface and middle
layers where the primary production can supply enough organic substrate, temperature was the main factor to control bacteria
biomass. BB showed a good correlation between the surface and middle layers in both cruises. The distribution of nutrients
during both cruises showed a similar decreasing trend from nearshore region and high latitude to offshore region and low latitude.
High BB values were mainly recorded from samples in the middle layer where chl-a concentrations were also high, indicating primary production being strongly correlated with temperature over the ECS shelf.
In the offshore area, phosphate and silicate became limiting factors for phytoplankton growth with indirect influence on BB.
Bacteria played an important role in nitrogen regeneration process turning organic nitrogen to inorganic forms such as NH4
+. The increasing ratio of NH4
+/DIN could be a proof of that. 相似文献
14.
The International Eq一lation of State of Seawater,1980 and the PraeticalSalinity Scale,1978 have been adoPted by theUNESCO江CES沼COR八APSOJoint Panel ono‘eanogral,hie Tables and Standards(JPOTS),and endorsed bythese organizati6ns(Miller‘〕and Poisson,1981;Uneseo,1981).Th已new equa-tion and the Praetieal Salinity Seale are to be used for all values Published fromJan .1,1982 .The new equation 15 aeeurate for use in all oeeanie surfaee waters,but eannot be aeeurately aPPlied to… 相似文献
15.
Hamadoun BOKAR 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(1):63-70
1INTRODUCTIONGroundwater in Changchun City assures about 45% of total water supply. Drinking water supply of Chang-chun City was mostly served by surface water from Shitoukoumen and Xinlicheng reservoirs located in the east and south of the city (ZHANG, 1993). However, with the development of urban construction the ground-water especially from deep boreholes is also used for drinking purpose in suburban areas. The urbanization process in Changchun City threatens the groundwater quali… 相似文献
16.
Effects of salinity, pH, nitrogenous and phosphate nutrients on the growth rate of four species of benthic diatoms were studied
by using the method of in situ optical density measurement. The optimal culture conditions for the four species of diatoms
are as follows: forAmphora coffeaeformis, s 35; pH 8.5; NO3
−−N 1.54, NH4
+−N, 7.0; CO (NH2)2−N, 2.5 (mg/L); PO4
3−−P 1.13 (mg/L); forCocconeis scutellum varparva, s 30; pH 8.5; NO
3
−
−N 3.08, NH
4
+
−N 3.5, CO(NH2)2−N 5.0 (mg/L); pO
4
3−
−P 0.283 (mg/L); forNavicula corymbosa s 25; pH 8.0; NO
3
−
−N 1.54, NH
4
+
−N 3.5 CO(NH2)2−N 5.0 (mg/L); PO
4
3−
−P 0.565 (mg/L); forNavicula mollis. s 25; pH 8.0; NO
3
−
−N 1.54, NH
4
+
−N 1.75, CO(NH2)2−N 1.25 (mg/L); PO
4
3−
−P 0.141 (mg/L).
Part of the results of this paper were exchanged in the Fourth Asian Aquaculture Forum. Oct. 16–20. 1995. Beijing, P. R. China. 相似文献
17.
A great quartity of cosmic dust(spherules) was found in deep-sea sediments during May to July,1983manganese nodule investigations by the R/V“XIANGYANGHONG 16”in the area 7°-11°N,167°-178°Win the Pacific.Comprehensive study of the cosmic dust and determination with Laser Raman MolecularMicroprobe(LRMM) of the molecules in it showed that besides Fe-Fe,Fe~(3+)-O,Fe-Ni,Al-O,Fe-Obr-Si and Si-Onb,it also contained the organic molecules C-H-O and C-H-S-O,various no fixed form molecules of C,CH_2,CH_3 and volatile molecules CO_2,H_2O,OH~- and H_2S,etc…The study result has very important applications for exploring the origin of interplanetary dust parti-cles and life material. 相似文献
18.
A new kinetic spectrophotometric method is developed for the measurement of manganese (II) in water. The method is based on
the catalytic effect of manganese (II) with the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 using the Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) as an activation reagent. The optimum conditions obtained are 40 mgL−1 RAWL, 1×10−4molL−1 KIO4, 2×10−4 molL−1 Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA), pH = 5.8, the reaction time of 3.00 min and the temperature of 20.0 °C. Under the optimum conditions,
the proposed method allows the measurement of manganese (II) in a range of 0–50.0 ng mL−1 and with a detection limit of down to 0.158 ng mL−1. The recovery efficiency in measuring the standard manganese (II) solution is in a range of 98.5%–102%, and the RSD is in
a range of 0.76%–1.25%. The new method has been successfully applied to the measurement of manganese (II) in both fresh water
and seawater samples with satisfying results. Moreover, few cations and anions interfere with the measurement of manganese
(II). Compared with other kinetic catalytic methods and instrumental methods, the proposed method shows fairly good selectivity
and sensitivity, low cost, cheapness, low detection limit and rapidity. It can be applied on boats easily. 相似文献
19.
GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many years.The Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in 2007.This study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 km2.The ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in 2007.The differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was apparent.The mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 m.Assuming the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007. 相似文献
20.
DYNAMIC CHANGES OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND ASTAXANTI—IIN ACCUMULATION IN HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study on dynamic changes of culture color,astaxanthin and chlorophylls,inorganic N including N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ in batch culture of Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to different additive nitrate concentration showed(1)ast/chl ratio was over 0.8 for brown and red algae,but was usually less than 0.5 for green and yellow algae;(2)N-NO3^-,in general,was unstable and decreased,except for a small unexpected increase in nitrate enriched treatment groups;(3)measurable amounts of N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ were observed respectively with three change modes although no extemal nitrite and ammonia were added into the culture;(4)a non-linear correlation between ast/chl ratio(or color)changes and the levels of N-NO3^-,N-NO2^-,N-NH4^ in H.pluvialis culture;(5)up and down variation of the ast/chl ratio occurred simultaneously with a perceptible color change from yellow to brown(or red)when N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ fluctuated around 30,5,5μmol/L respectively;(6)existence of three dynamic modes of N-NO3^-,N-NO2^- and N-NH4^ changes,obviously associated with initial extemal nitrate;(7)the key level of total inorganic N concentration regulating the above physiological changes during indoor cultivation was about 50 μmol/L;and(8)0.5-10mmol/L of nitrate was theoretically conducive to cell growth in batch culture. 相似文献