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1.
The surface circulation of northern South China Sea (hereafter SCS) for the period 1987–2005 was studied using the data of
more than 500 satellite-tracked drifters and wind data from QuikSCAT. The mean flow directions in the northern SCS except
the Luzon Strait (hereafter LS) during the periods October~March was southwestward, and April~September northeastward. A strong
northwestward intrusion of the Kuroshio through the LS appears during the October~March period of northeasterly wind, but
the intrusion became weak between April and September. When the strong intrusion occurred, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in
the LS was 388 cm2/s2 which was almost 2 times higher than that during the weak-intrusion season. The volume transport of the Kuroshio in the east
of the Philippines shows an inverse relationship to that of the LS. There is a six-month phase shift between the two seasonal
phenomena. The volume transport in the east of the Philippines shows its peak sis-month earlier faster than that of the LS.
The strong Kuroshio intrusion is found to be also related to the seasonal variation of the wind stress curl generated by the
northeasterly wind. The negative wind stress curl in the northern part of LS induces an anticyclonic flow, while the positive
wind stress curl in the southern part of LS induces a cyclonic flow. The northwestward Kuroshio intrusion in the northern
part of LS happened with larger negative wind stress curl, while the westward intrusion along 20.5°N in the center of the
LS occurred with weaker negative wind stress curl. 相似文献
2.
The sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and geostrophic circulation in the South ChinaSea (SCS) are studied using TOPEX/POSE1DON (T/P) altimetry data. The SSHA, which is obtained after tidal correction based on the tidal results from T/P data, is predominated by seasonal alternating monsoons. The results reveal that the SSHA in the central part of the SCS is positive in spring and summer, but negative in autumn and winter. It is also found that the SSHA in the SCS can be approached with the sum of tidal constituents SA and SSA. The geostrophic circulations in the SCS are calculated according to sea surface dynamic topography, which is the sum of SSHA and mean sea surface height. It is suggested that the circulation in the upper layer of the SCS is generally cyclonic and notably western intensified during autumn and winter, while the western intensification is weak during spring and summer. It is also indicated that the Kuroshio intrudes into the northeastern SCS throuth the Luzon Strait in winter. But ther 相似文献
3.
由于缺少观测数据和对黑潮水准确定义,很难识别出从太平洋入侵到南海的黑潮水团。本文基于一个经过观测验证的三维模式MITgcm,利用被动示踪物标记黑潮水,研究了入侵南海的黑潮水的时空变化。研究表明,在冬季,黑潮水入侵的范围最广,几乎占据了18°N-23°N和114°E-121°E的区域;并有一个分支进入台湾海峡;黑潮入侵的范围随深度增加逐渐减小。在夏季,黑潮水被限制在118°E以东,且没有分支进入台湾海峡;入侵的范围从海面到约205米是增大的,之后随深度增加逐渐减小。通过分析从2003年到2012年黑潮入侵的年际变化,与厄尔尼诺年和正常年相比,冬季黑潮入侵后向台湾海峡的分支在拉尼娜年是最弱的,这可能与中国大陆东南方向的风应力旋度有关。通过吕宋海峡的黑潮入侵通量（KIT）是西向的,其年平均值约为-3.86×106 m3/s,大于吕宋海峡通量（LST,约-3.15×106 m3/s）。250米以上的KIT约占了全深度通量的60-80%。此外,从2003年到2012年KIT与Niño 3.4指数的相关系数到达0.41,小于LST与Niño 3.4指数的相关系数0.78。 相似文献
4.
黑潮入侵南海对南海的温盐平衡、环流、涡旋和局地气候等具有重要作用。基于吕宋海峡处黑潮不同流径的识别方法,对1993～2021年的卫星高度计资料进行识别,获取黑潮不同流径的发生时间,探究黑潮入侵南海流径的时间变化规律。结果表明:(1)黑潮主要以流套(Looping)和分支(Leaking)两种流径入侵南海,Leaking流径发生的时长(710周)和概率(46.9%)要远高于Looping流径(时长218周,概率14.4%)。(2) Looping流径和Leaking流径均可将高温高盐的西北太平洋水带入南海,Looping流径下的平均吕宋海峡上层通量(6.3×106 m3/s)略大于Leaking流径(5.6×106 m3/s)Looping和Leaking流径在4×106 m3/s～6×106 m3/s区间发生时间最长。(3)季节变化上,Looping流径主要发生在冬季,Leaking流径在冬半年均较强,夏季二者发... 相似文献
5.
黑潮对邻近中国海的影响和琉球海流研究在物理海洋学是一个很重要的、有趣的课题。为了深入地阐明由中国科学家自2010年7月至2015年5月期间所作研究的进展,本文在以下三个方面进行评述。第一方面是关于黑潮入侵南海以及在吕宋海峡周围的环流,分为以下二个很重要论题做阐述:黑潮入侵的季节和年际变化以及黑潮入侵的机制;黑潮对吕宋海峡海流和南海北部环流的影响。第二方面是关于黑潮及其对东海相互作用的变化,分为以下四个有趣的论题来阐述:东海黑潮研究的评述;黑潮入侵东海,水交换以及动力因子;由于黑潮作用营养物质通量在下游增加;从卫星遥感的应用对黑潮入侵东海对陆地物质通量的影响。第三方面,琉球海流与东海黑潮相互作用也被讨论。最后本文主要点作了总结,对今后进一步需要研究也被讨论。 相似文献
6.
1998年春夏南海温盐结构及其变化特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
利用1998年5～8月“南海季风试验”期间“科学1”号和“实验3”号科学考察船两个航次CTD资料,分析了1998年南海夏季风暴发前后南海主要断面的温盐结构及其变化特征.观测发现,南海腹地基本被典型的南海水团所控制,但在南海东北部尤其是吕宋海峡附近,表层和次表层水明显受到西太平洋水的影响.季风暴发以后,南海北部表面温度有显著升高,升幅由西向东递减,而南海中部和南部表面温度基本没变,这使得南海北部东西向温度梯度和整个海盆南北向温度梯度均减小.北部断面表层盐度普遍由34以上降低到34以下,混合层均有所发展,是季风暴发后降水和风力加剧的结果.观测期间黑潮水跨越吕宋海峡的迹象明显但变化剧烈.4～5月,黑潮次表层水除在吕宋海峡中北部出现外,在吕宋岛以西亦有发现,表明有部分黑潮水从吕宋海峡南端沿岸向西进而向南进入南海.6～7月,次表层高盐核在吕宋海峡中北部有极大发展,但在吕宋岛以西却明显萎缩;虽然看上去黑潮水以更强的流速进、出南海,但对南海腹地动力热力结构的影响未必更大.一个超过34.55的表层高盐水体于巴拉望附近被发现,似与通过巴拉望两侧水道入侵南海的西太平洋水有关. 相似文献
7.
A Review on the Currents in the South China Sea: Seasonal Circulation, South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio Intrusion 总被引：43，自引：4，他引：43
Researches on the currents in the South China Sea (SCS) and the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas are reviewed. Overall seasonal circulation in the SCS is cyclonic in winter and anticyclonic in summer with a few stable eddies. The seasonal circulation is mostly driven by monsoon winds, and is related to water exchange between the SCS and the East China Sea through the Taiwan Strait, and between the SCS and the Kuroshio through the Luzon Strait. Seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea Warm Current in the northern SCS and the Kuroshio intrusion to the SCS are summarized in terms of the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas. 相似文献
8.
Upper Ocean Sensitivity to Wind Forcing in the South China Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. Joseph Metzger 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):783-798
The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) has been used to investigate the sensitivity of the upper South
China Sea (SCS) circulation to various atmospheric wind forcing products. A 1/16° 6-layer, thermodynamic Pacific Ocean north
of 20°S version of NLOM has been integrated using observed climatological monthly mean winds (Hellerman and Rosenstein, 1983)
and climatologies based on two atmospheric prediction models: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). ECMWF products include the 10 meter winds (at both 1.125° and
2.5° resolution) and surface stresses (1.125°). The NCEP forcing (1.875°) is a surface stress product. Significant differences
exist in the wind stress curl patterns and this is reflected in the upper ocean model response, which is compared to observational
data. The model experiments suggest the generation of the West Luzon Eddy is controlled by positive wind stress curl. The
degree of Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS, however, is not affected by wind stress curl but is governed by the coastline geometry
of the island chain within Luzon Strait. The summertime offshore flow from the Vietnamese coast is present in all simulations
but the dipole structure on either side of the jet is variable, even among experiments with similar wind stress curl patterns.
The ECMWF surface stresses exhibit spurious coastal wind stress curl patterns, especially in locations with significant orographic
features. This manifests itself in unrealistic small scale coastal gyres in NLOM. High resolution basin-scale and coastal
models might be adversely affected by these stresses.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
HOU Huaqian XIE Qiang XUE Huijie SHU Yeqiang NAN Feng YIN Yuqi YU Fei 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(5):1481-1494
Data from satellite altimetry and in situ observations together with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis data were used to investigate the mechanism and formation of an anticyclonic eddy in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). Analysis of water mass using cruise data indicated that the water captured in the eddy diff ers from those in the SCS, the Kuroshio intrusion, and the eddy-forming region. Data from sea surface height (SSH) and sea level anomaly (SLA) indicate that the eddy formed due both to the Kuroshio intrusion and the local circulation in the SCS. The Kuroshio intrusion is present at the start of the eddy growth (March 5-9) before Kuroshio leaps the Luzon Strait. The eddy then becomes larger and stronger in the absence of the Kuroshio intrusion. From the eddy budget of the HYCOM reanalysis data, the formation of the eddy goes in three steps. By the third step, the eddy had become aff ected by variations of local SCS circulation, which is more strongly than in the fi rst step in which it is aff ected more by the Kuroshio intrusion. The variability of the temperature and salinity inside the eddy provide a support to this conclusion. The water in the SCS intruded into the eddy from the southeast, which decrease the salinity gradually in the southern part of the eddy during the growth period. 相似文献
10.
Satellite-tracked Lagrangian drifters are used to investigate the transport pathways of near-surface water around the Luzon Strait. Particular attention is paid to the intrusion of Pacific water into the South China Sea(SCS).Results from drifter observations suggest that except for the Kuroshio water, other Pacific water that carried by zonal jets, Ekman currents or eddies, can also intrude into the SCS. Motivated by this origin problem of the intrusion water, numerous simulated trajectories are constructed by altimeter-based velocities. Quantitative estimates from simulated trajectories suggest that the contribution of other Pacific water to the total intrusion flux in the Luzon Strait is approximately 13% on average, much smaller than that of Kuroshio water. Even so, over multiple years and many individual intrusion events, the contribution from other Pacific water is quite considerable. The interannual signal in the intrusion flux of these Pacific water might be closely related to variations in a wintertime westward current and eddy activities east of the Luzon Strait. We also found that Ekman drift could significantly contribute to the intrusion of Pacific water and could affect the spreading of intrusion water in the SCS. A case study of an eddy-related intrusion is presented to show the detailed processes of the intrusion of Pacific water and the eddy-Kuroshio interaction. 相似文献
11.
Using widespread conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) data in the Philippine Sea and northern South China Sea near the Luzon
Strait together with altimeter data, we identified an intrusion of water from the Kuroshio into the South China Sea (SCS)
through the Luzon Strait in September 2008. The Kuroshio water obviously intruded into the SCS from 20 to 21°N, and existed
mainly in the upper 300 m. The intrusion water extended as far west as 117°E, then looped around in an anticyclonic eddy and
returned to the Philippine Sea further north. The dynamics of the Kuroshio intrusion are discussed using a 1.5-layer nonlinear
shallow-water reduced-gravity model. The analysis suggests that the strong cyclonic eddy to the east of the Kuroshio in September
2008 was of benefit to the intrusion event. 相似文献
12.
吕宋海峡两侧中尺度涡统计 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1993-2000年间的T/P卫星高度计轨道资料的时间序列和MODAS同化产品中的卫星高度计最优插值资料对南海东北部海区中尺度涡旋进行动态追踪。按照给定的标准从2种资料中提取了涡旋信息并对其特征量进行统计分析。结果表明,南海东北部海区中尺度涡旋十分活跃,平均每年6个,其中暖涡4个,尺度一般为200~250 km,平均地转流速为44 cm/s;冷涡每年平均2个,尺度一般为150~200 km,平均地转流速为-37 cm/s。吕宋海峡两侧涡旋的比较分析表明,南海东北部海区仍属于西北太平洋副热带海区的涡旋带,冷、暖涡旋处于不断的形成—西移—消散过程中。南海东北部中尺度冷涡大多是南海内部产生的,而暖涡与吕宋海峡外侧暖涡有一定的联系又具有相对的独立性。分析认为西北太平洋的西行暖涡在到达吕宋海峡时,受到黑潮东翼东向下倾的等密度面的抑制和岛链的阻碍,涡旋停滞于吕宋海峡外侧并逐渐消弱,被阻挡于吕宋海峡东侧涡旋释放的能量,形成一支横穿吕宋海峡(同时横穿过黑潮)的高速急流,把能量传递给吕宋海峡西侧的涡旋,使其得到强化,这是吕宋海峡两侧涡旋联系的一种重要机制。 相似文献
13.
吕宋海峡是南海与外界水交换的重要通道,黑潮作为北太平洋最强的1支西边界流,在经过吕宋海峡时会对南海北部的环流和环境产生重要影响。本文用1991—2011年期间CTD断面实测资料和高度计资料,提取23.0~25.5 kg/m3等密度面之间的盐度极大值,研究了南海北部不同年月盐度极大值变化、黑潮入侵方式与强弱,以及盐度极大值变化与北赤道流分叉点南北移动的关系,结果表明:(1)黑潮入侵南海方式多样,既有分支形式,也有弯曲、流套形式。(2)不同年月间,黑潮入侵南海的强弱存在较大差别,120°E断面的次表层盐度极大值的变动可超过0.3。(3)北赤道流分叉点位置的南北变动对黑潮入侵南海的强弱具有重要影响:北赤道流分叉点位置偏北,黑潮入侵南海较强;北赤道流分叉点位置偏南,则黑潮入侵相对较弱。 相似文献
14.
Based on a two-level nested model from the global ocean to the western Pacific and then to the South China Sea（SCS）, the high-resolution SCS deep circulation is numerically investigated. The SCS deep circulation shows a basin-scale cyclonic structure with a strong southward western boundary current in summer（July）, a northeastsouthwest through-flow pattern across the deep basin without a western boundary current in winter（January）,and a transitional pattern in spring and autumn. The sensitivity ... 相似文献
15.
One hundred and ninety-one Argos satellite-tracked drifters deployed at the Luzon Strait in winter during 1991 to 2004 were ana- lyzed to understand the near surface current in northern South China Sea (SCS). Several major track patterns of these drifters have been found. There are: (1)shelf slope landing way (SLW) ; (2)deep basin way (DBW) ;(3) weak loop current pattern; (4) northward movement directly driven by the Kuroshio. These observations show the effects of the basin scale gyre circulation, mesoscale eddies and the Kuroshio on the drifters' ovement. 相似文献
16.
A high-resolution, regional, numerical-model-based, real-time ocean prediction system for the northern South China Sea, called the Northern South China Sea Nowcast/Forecast System (NSCSNFS), has been used to investigate subtidal mesoscale flows during the time period of the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) field programs. The dynamics are dominated by three influences; 1) surface wind stress, 2) intrusions of the Kuroshio through Luzon Strait, and 3) the large-scale cyclonic gyre that occupies much of the northern South China Sea. Each component primarily drives currents in the upper ocean, so deep currents are rather weak. Wind stress is especially effective at forcing currents over the shallow China shelf. The Kuroshio intrusion tends to flow westward until it meets the northern edge of the large-scale cyclonic gyre. Together, these currents produce an intense, narrow jet directed northwest toward the continental slope, often in the region of the ASIAEX field programs. Upon reaching the slope, the current splits with part flowing northeastward along the slope and part flowing southwestward, producing large horizontal and vertical shears and making this region dynamically very complicated and difficult to simulate. The Kuroshio intrusion tends to be stronger (weaker) when the northeasterly winds are strong (weak) and the large-scale gyre is farther south (north), consistent with conclusions from previous model studies. At the northern boundary, the model produces a persistent northward flow through Taiwan Strait into the East China Sea. Data assimilation in the NSCSNFS model is shown to dampen the system, extracting energy and causing the entire system to spin down. 相似文献
17.
18.
Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea has been investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation eddy-resolving
model. The model domain covers the region from 99° to 122°E and from 3° to 23°N. The model is forced by the monthly averaged
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds and the climatological monthly sea surface temperature
data from National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). Inflow and outflow through the Taiwan Strait and the Sunda shelf are
prescribed monthly from the Wyrtki estimates. Inflow of the Kuroshio branch current in the Luzon Strait is assumed to have
a constant volume transport of 12 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s), and the outflow from the open boundary to the east of Taiwan is adjusted to ensure the net volume transport through all
open boundaries is zero at any instant. The model reveals that a cyclonic circulation exists all year round in the northern
South China Sea. During the winter time this cyclonic eddy is located off the northwest of Luzon, coinciding with the region
of positive wind stress curl in this season. This cyclonic eddy moves northward in spring due to the weakening of the northeast
winds. The cyclonic circulation becomes weak and stays in the continental slope region in the northern South China Sea in
the summer period. The southwest wind can raise the water level along the west coast of Luzon, but there is no anticyclonic
circulation in the northern South China Sea. After the onset of the northeast monsoon winds in fall, the cyclonic eddy moves
back to the region off the west coast of Luzon. In the southern South China Sea and off the Vietnam coast, the model predicts
a similar flow structure as in the previous related studies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
南海环流动力机制研究综述 总被引：40，自引：9，他引：31
南海的环流复杂,但通过近20 a来的研究工作,国内外学者对此已取得了不少的成果.本文就南海环流框架性的问题,综述了有关的文献,认为对南海上层海洋三方面的环流分量的驱动机制已有了初步的认识.这三方面分别是:(1)准季节性风场;(2)黑潮向南海的净输运;(3)黑潮向南海的涡度平流输送.但是对这些驱动的时空变化仍相当不清楚.三者皆增强了南海北部的海盆尺度气旋式环流,其强化的西南向西边界流靠近东沙群岛,建议称为“东沙海流”.没有水文证据显示黑潮水是以分支形式进入南海,其向南海的输运也不可能主要通过中尺度涡过程,具体机制有待研究.每年在南海生成的中尺度涡平均约有10个,风场与沿岸地形所生成的强风应力旋度可能是其主要的驱动机制.作为框架性的认识,也有三方面的工作进行得较少,即:(1)吕宋海峡的上层水交换;(2)南海的中尺度涡生成机制,虽然强风应力旋度及前述的第三种环流驱动机制也有中尺度涡伴生;(3)自吕宋海峡进入的深层水对南海上层海洋环流的影响. 相似文献
20.
Recent progress in studies of the South China Sea circulation 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea with deep a basin. The SCS is located at low latitudes, where the
ocean circulations are driven principally by the Asia-Australia monsoon. Ocean circulation in the SCS is very complex and
plays an important role in both the marine environment and climate variability. Due to the monsoon-mountain interactions the
seasonal spatial pattern of the sea surface wind stress curl is very specific. These distinct patterns induce different basin-scale
circulation and gyre in summer and winter, respectively. The intensified western boundary currents associated with the cyclonic
and anticyclonic gyres in the SCS play important roles in the sea surface temperature variability of the basin. The mesoscale
eddies in the SCS are rather active and their formation mechanisms have been described in recent studies. The water exchange
through the Luzon Strait and other straits could give rise to the relation between the Pacific and the SCS. This paper reviews
the research results mentioned above. 相似文献