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1.
对2001年昆仑山口西Ms81级地震产生的断层带，布设了沿断层和横跨断层的两条人工地震测线.通过对观测资料的定量分析和处理，求得了昆仑山断层带内部的细结构.分析工作包括从S波震相开始的振幅谱计算、速度频散计算、群速度测量，并用面波频散方法反演S波速度结构，用振幅谱比的方法估计断层带的Q值.野外试验结果表明，S波震相与围陷波组的时间差随炮点与台站之间距离增大而增加，在断层带外的测点上观测到与断层带相关的场地效应.最后得出昆仑山断层带宽度为250m、速度结构为断层内低速的分层结构和Q值为15（断层内）和30（围岩）.虽然昆仑山口西地震的震级比美国加州Landers地震的震级（Ms76）大，且地震产生的破裂带长度长得多，但是这两个地震断层带的宽度却相差不大. 相似文献
2.
利用川西流动地震台阵、汶川地震震后应急台网记录到的P波到时资料,对2008年5月至2008年10月期间发生的汶川地震余震序列应用双差层析成像方法进行了地震震源和三维P波速度结构的联合反演.结果显示,联合反演获得的地震重定位结果与基于一维地壳参考模型的双差定位方法结果相近;研究区15 km以上速度结构与地表断裂分布密切相关,20 km以下深度呈现北东向和北西向交错结构.汶川地震破裂带南段龙门山断裂带之间上地壳呈现高速异常,速度结构的非均匀变化是控制余震分布和主震破裂传播的主要因素;联合反演结果给出了小鱼洞-理县方向存在隐伏断裂的速度结构证据,同时发现,破裂带北东段可能沿新发断裂扩展;结果确认了汶川地震起始段的高角度逆冲断裂特征,也确认了前山断裂和中央断裂在约20 km深度合并到脆韧转换带的特征. 相似文献
3.
Hongfeng Yang 《地震科学（英文版）》2015,28(2):151-162
Crustal faults usually have a fault core and surrounding regions of brittle damage, forming a low-velocity zone(LVZ) in the immediate vicinity of the main slip interface. The LVZ may amplify ground motion, influence rupture propagation, and hold important information of earthquake physics. A number of geophysical and geodetic methods have been developed to derive high-resolution structure of the LVZ. Here, I review a few recent approaches, including ambient noise cross-correlation on dense across-fault arrays and GPS recordings of fault-zone trapped waves. Despite the past efforts, many questions concerning the LVZ structure remain unclear, such as the depth extent of the LVZ. High-quality data from larger and denser arrays and new seismic imaging technique using larger portion of recorded waveforms, which are currently under active development, may be able to better resolve the LVZ structure. In addition, effects of the alongstrike segmentation and gradational velocity changes across the boundaries between the LVZ and the host rock on rupture propagation should be investigated by conducting comprehensive numerical experiments. Furthermore, high-quality active sources such as recently developed large-volume airgun arrays provide a powerful tool to continuously monitor temporal changes of fault-zone properties, and thus can advance our understanding of fault zone evolution. 相似文献
4.
Seismic observations in the DPRI 1800 m borehole drilled into the Nojima Fault zone, south-west Japan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract Seismometers were installed at three depths in the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 1800 m borehole drilled into the Nojima Fault zone, southwest Japan. The waveforms recorded by these seismometers are rather simple compared with those recorded at the DPRI 800 m borehole or on the ground surface. These data should be well suited for detecting fault zone-trapped waves and estimating the fault zone structure and its temporal variation related to the healing process of the ruptured fault. Typical waveforms trapped in the fault zone were observed by a surface seismographic array across the Nojima Fault just after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake). Among the wave data recorded in the DPRI 1800 m borehole, however, clear evidences of fault zone-trapped waves have not yet been found, and further studies are continuing. The present study outlines the observation system in the DPRI 1800 m borehole, which will make it easier to access and analyze the borehole data. 相似文献
5.
Introduction
The Tanlu fault zone lies in the eastern China, which is an important huge active fault with a long history. It has experienced a complex generation and evolution process and affects significantly the regional structure, paleogeography, magma activity, minerogenesis and earthquake activity in the area. With a length of 2 400 km, the fault zone consists of 2-4 or more parallel faults of 10-40 km in width, cutting through different geotectonic elements in the eastern China （FANG et al, 1986）. On July 25 in 1668, an extraordinarily large earthquake of M=8.5 occurred on the Changyi-Dadian fault （F1） that is an embranchment of Tanlu fault zone, resulting in a surface rupture with a total length of 130 km （LI et al, 1994; CHAO et al, 1995）. The paleoseismic study reveals that 3 events with a magnitude equal to 8 occurred on the Changyi-Dadian fault. The recent event occurred 3 500 a ago and the reoccurrence interval is about 3 500 a （LIN and GAO, 1987）. During the Tancheng earthquake （on July 25, 1668）, the Anqiu-Juxian fault was not ruptured, which was a Late Pleistocene active fault （ZHENG et al, 1988; GAO et al, 1988; CHAO et al, 1994） and was doubted as the seismogenic fault of the M=7.0 Anqiu earthquake occurred in 70 BC by certain geologists （CHAO et al, 1994）. 相似文献
6.
The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake is studied. Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined. Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state. No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared. According to focal mechanism solutions of some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the direction of principal compressive stress P-axis is WNW-ESE. The two hypocenter fault planes are NE-striking and NW-striking. The plane of NE direction is among N50°?70°E, the dip angles of fault planes are 60°?70° and it is very steep. The faultings of most earthquakes are dominantly characterized by dip-slip reverse and small part of faultings present strike-slip. The azimuths of principal compressive stress, the strikes of source fault planes and the dislocation types calculated from some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in accordance with that of the main shock. The average stress field of micro-rupture along the Longmenshan fault zone before the great earthquake is also consistent with that calculated from main shock. Zipingpu dam is located in the east side 20 km from the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The activity increment of small earthquakes in the Zipingpu dam is in the period of water discharging. The source parameter results of the small earthquakes which occurred near the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake indicate that the focal depths are 5 to 14 km and the source parameters are identical with that of earthquake. 相似文献
7.
1973年2月在鲜水河断裂带炉霍段发生了M7.6地震破裂.自那以来,先后在炉霍县虾拉沱布设了若干横跨该地震断层(1973年破裂带)的地壳形变观测系统,包括断层近场的短基线、短水准、蠕变仪、人工构筑物等,以及断层近-远场的GPS观测站.利用这些观测系统的长期观测资料,本文分析了鲜水河断裂带炉霍段的震后滑动/变形及其时、空变化特征,并建立起解释这些特征的动力学模式.研究表明:(1)1973年地震后的头5年,地震断层在虾拉沱场地表现为开放性质,近场的断层震后滑动以无震左旋蠕滑为主,速率达到10.27 mm/a,且伴有微量的拉张性蠕动作用;1979年以来,左旋蠕滑速率由5.3 mm/a逐渐减小到2.27 mm/a,减小的过程呈对数函数型,反映此阶段断层面已逐渐重新耦合、正朝闭锁的方向发展,并伴有部分应变积累.(2)1999年以来,地震断层两侧远场的相对左旋位移/变形速率为10 mm/a,远大于同时期断层近场(跨距40~144 m)的左旋蠕滑速率0.66~2.52 mm/a;远-近场位移/形变速率的显著变化发生在地震断层两侧各宽约30 km的范围,显示出这是与大地震应力应变积累-释放相关的断裂带宽度.(3)结合动力学背景与深部构造信息,本文对这里断层的震后位移/变形及其时、空变化的机理进行初步解释,要点是:震后约5年之后,由于逐渐增大的断层滑动/摩擦阻抗,上地壳脆性层中的断层面由震后初期的开放性质逐渐转向重新耦合、并朝闭锁的方向发展,但其两侧地块深部持续的延性相对运动拖拽着浅部脆性层发生相应的弹性位移/变形.(4)可估计再经历15~25年,研究断裂段将完全"闭锁",即进入积累下一次大地震应力应变的震间闭锁阶段. 相似文献
8.
通过反演大量的纵、横波地震数据,获得了沿龙门山断裂带及周边区域的深部三维精细结构,结合前人二维大地电磁探测研究成果,提出龙门山断裂带地壳形变与深部速度结构和导电率不均匀性有关,探讨了2008年汶川和2013年芦山地震的诱发和产生与流体侵入及地壳形变的密切关系.本研究发现,2008年汶川地震发生在高速度、高泊松比和低电导率的区域,2013年芦山地震则位于高速度、低泊松比和低电导率的发震层.在上地壳中,四川前陆盆地的低速、低泊松比和低阻异常与松潘一甘孜地块的高速、高泊松比和高阻异常形成了鲜明的对比.在龙门山断裂带下方的两个低速和低阻块体,将龙门山断裂带分成南、中和北三段.我们的研究认为,这两个异常体与来自松潘甘孜地块的下地壳和(或)上地幔的局部熔融或流体侵入到龙门山断裂带的脆弱区有关.基于对汶川和芦山地震的余震分布特征及震源区的地震波速度、泊松比及电阻率参数分析,揭示了龙门山断裂带深部剧烈的地壳形变与流体应力积累对2008年汶川和2013年芦山地震的触发及其地震破裂过程具有重要的控制作用. 相似文献
9.
Introduction The Taigu fault is located on the eastern boundary of the Jinzhong basin in the Shanxi fault depression system, which is one of the 12 major active basin boundary faults, and is also less studied among them. The reason for this is, firstly, the Jinzhong basin has no historical earth-quakes with M 7, while the two basins linked together in the northern and southern sides, the Linfen and Xinding basins all have had historical earthquakes with M 7; secondly, because the Jiaochen… 相似文献
10.
Introduction The 1303 Shanxi Hongtong M=8 earthquake is the earliest M=8 event determined in histori-cal records in China and the largest recorded in Shanxi fault-depression system in history. Some researchers have discussed the tectonic environment of this earthquake (DENG, et al, 1973; DENG, 1984; DENG, XU, 1994, 1995; Seismo-geological Brigade, State Seismological Bureau, Depart-ment of Geology and Geography, Peking University, 1979; LIU, XIAO, 1982; ZHANG, JIA, 1986; SU, … 相似文献
11.
2008年5.12汶川大地震发生在中国大陆南北地震带中段.由于龙门山断裂带历史上只发生过3次6～61/2级强震,而且其晚第四纪构造活动速率很低,以至于对其潜在地震危险性认识不足.为什么在龙门山地区突发大地震,该地震具有哪些特征？其成因机制是什么？本文在地震地质科学考察的基础上,利用震前的GPS观测结果,试图对上述问题进行一些初步的思考和探讨.结果表明,5.12汶川大地震是龙门山断裂带的映秀—北川断裂突发错动的结果,地表上形成200多公里长的地表破裂带;灌县—江油断裂在地震中也发生了破裂,形成的地表破裂带长达60多公里.震前的GPS观测表明,横跨整个龙门山断裂带的滑动速率不超过～2 mm/yr,单条断裂的活动速率不超过～1 mm/yr,与地震地质研究结果和历史地震记录相一致.利用地震地质考察和地震波反演得到的最大同震位移可以获得相当于5.12汶川大地震的强震复发周期为2000～6000年.龙门山断裂带发育在破裂强度很大的变质杂岩体中,断裂带本身在剖面上呈“犁形”或“铲形”结构,有利于能量积累,形成破坏性巨大的地震.所以,5.12汶川大地震是一次低滑动速率、长复发周期和高破坏强度的巨大地震,是一种值得高度重视和深入研究的新的地震类型. 相似文献
12.
鲁甸6.5级地震是川滇菱形块体南南东向运动在青藏高原东缘与华南地块相互作用边界变形带上发生的一次中等强度地震.尽管野外应急科学考察没有发现明显的地震地表破裂带,但云南昭通防震减灾局局域地震台网记录到的余震条带状分布、震后科学考察获得的地震烈度长轴方位和极震区地震裂缝等显示出发震断层为NW向包谷垴-小河断裂,左旋走滑性质,属大凉山断裂南端部组成部分;库仑应力计算表明,鲁甸地震可对周边活动断层系历史地震空段产生应力加载作用,其地震危险性不容忽视. 相似文献
13.
Internal structures and high-velocity frictional properties of Longmenshan fault zone at Shenxigou activated during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yu Wang Shengli Ma Toshihiko Shimamoto Lu Yao Jianye Chen Xiaosong Yang Honglin He Jiaxiang Dang Linfeng Hou Tetsuhiro Togo 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(5):499-528
This paper reports internal structures of a wide fault zone at Shenxigou, Dujiangyan, Sichuan province, China, and high-velocity frictional properties of the fault gouge collected near the coseismic slip zone during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Vertical offset and horizontal displacement at the trench site were 2.8 m (NW side up) and 4.8 m (right-lateral), respectively. The fault zone formed in Triassic sandstone, siltstone, and shale about 500 m away from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system. A trench survey across the coseismic fault, and observations of outcrops and drill cores down to a depth of 57 m revealed that the fault zone consists of fault gouge and fault breccia of about 0.5 and 250–300 m in widths, respectively, and that the fault strikes N62°E and dips 68° to NW. Quaternary conglomerates were recovered beneath the fault in the drilling, so that the fault moved at least 55 m along the coseismic slip zone, experiencing about 18 events of similar sizes. The fault core is composed of grayish gouge (GG) and blackish gouge (BG) with very complex slip-zone structures. BG contains low-crystalline graphite of about 30 %. High-velocity friction experiments were conducted at normal stresses of 0.6–2.1 MPa and slip rates of 0.1–2.1 m/s. Both GG and BG exhibit dramatic slip weakening at constant high slip rates that can be described as an exponential decay from peak friction coefficient μ p to steady-state friction coefficient μ ss over a slip-weakening distance D c. Deformation of GG and BG is characterized by overlapped slip-zone structures and development of sharp slickenside surfaces, respectively. Comparison of our data with those reported for other outcrops indicates that the high-velocity frictional properties of the Longmenshan fault zones are quite uniform and the high-velocity weakening must have promoted dynamic rupture propagation during the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
14.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部重要的活动断裂带和边界构造带,其鲁苏段全新世活动断层的空间展布和古地震序列是地学关注的焦点问题,也是准确评价区域地震危险性的重要参数.以往研究工作多集中在郯庐断裂带地表地貌现象明显且有强震记录的山东段,而江苏段则研究程度相对较低,有关郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世活动断层范围和古地震序列问题存在争议.本文利用野外地质地貌调查、浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合剖面以及古地震探槽等多层次综合方法,重点开展郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世活动断层的分布和古地震序列研究.结果显示全新世时期,安丘-莒县断裂是郯庐断裂带江苏段的主要活动断层,且江苏全段该断层都是全新世活动断层.通过对比宿迁闸-皂河镇断裂南北安丘-莒县断裂的断层地貌和断层最新活动时间,并结合宿迁闸-皂河镇断裂在第四纪没有活动过等证据,推测该断层在全新世时期并不是区域阻碍破裂的断层.探槽揭示郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世两次古地震事件,事件Ⅰ限定在（6.2±0.3）-（13.4±0.7）ka B.P.之间,而事件Ⅱ限定在（2.5±0.1）ka B.P.到现今,全新世两次古地震间隔较长.基于构造类比法,安丘-莒县断裂具有深部孕震的构造特点,是区域未来强震的潜在发震构造. 相似文献
15.
The Taigu fault zone is one of the major 12 active boundary faults of the Shanxi fault-depression system, located on the eastern
boundary of the Jinzhong basin. As the latest investigation indicated, the fault zone had dislocated gully terrace of the
first order, forming fault-scarp in front of the loess mesa. It has been discovered in many places in ground surface and trenches
that Holocene deposits were dislocated. The latest activity was the 1303 Hongdong earthquake M=8, the fault appeared as right-lateral strike-slip with normal faulting. During that earthquake, the Taigu fault together
with the Mianshan western-side fault on the Lingshi upheaval and the Huoshan pediment fault on the eastern boundary of the
Linfen basin was being active, forming a surface rupture belt of 160 km in length. Moreover, the Taigu fault were active in
the mid-stage of Holocene and near 7 700 aB.P. From these we learnt that, in Shanxi fault-depression system, the run-through
activity of two boundary faults of depression-basins might generate great earthquake with M=8.
Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (201017).
Contribution No. 2003A004, Institute of Crust Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
16.
Based on the latest displacement of Huoshan piedmont fault, Mianshan west-side fault and Taigu fault obtained from the beginning of 1990‘s up to the present, the characteristics of distribution and displacement of surface rupture zone of the 1303 Hongtong M = 8 earthquake, Shanxi Province are synthesized and discussed in the paper. If Taigu fault, Mianshan west-side fault and Huoshan piedmont fault were contemporarily active during the 1303 Hongtong M = 8 earthquake, the surface rupture zone would be 160 km long and could be divided into 3 segments, that is, the 50-km-long Huoshan piedmont fault segment, 35-km-long Mianshan west-side fault segment and 70-km-long Taigu fault segment, respectively. Among them, there exist 4 km and 8 km step regions. The surface rupture zone exhibits right-lateral features. The displacements of northern and central segments are respectively 6～7 m and the southern segment has the maximum displacement of 10 m. The single basin-boundary fault of Shanxi fault-depression system usually corresponds to M ≈ 7 earthquake, while this great earthquake (M = 8) broke through the obstacle between two basins. It shows that the surface rupture scale of great earthquake is changeable. 相似文献
17.
对断裂带及附近区域地层精细结构的描述是理解地震孕育和发生过程的基础.不同板块或块体边界在构造或区域应力作用下,常常会形成速度间断面和低速的断裂带,间断面和低速带的存在会产生特殊的断裂带地震波,比如断裂带首波和围陷波,并会影响地震的物理过程、破裂速度和破裂方向等.本文主要利用2010年4月14日M_W6.9玉树地震后布设的流动地震台站,对沿着甘孜—玉树断裂带传播的断裂带首波进行识别和分析.分析结果表明,在甘孜—玉树断裂带的不同区域均观测到了断裂带首波,在西段的结隆拉张盆地附近的3个台站沿断裂带界面的平均纵波速度差异值在5%～8%,而其他区域的平均速度差异为1%～3%.通过台站位置分布和断裂带首波特征关系,初步分析了断裂带拉张盆地的结构,结果显示结隆盆地的长度为～40km,宽度为5.35～5.97km,深度不超过5km,在地表浅层形成了一个低速区,分别与巴颜喀拉块体(NE)和羌塘块体(SW)产生了两个物性差异界面,但没有延伸到主震和余震区震源深度.我们的结果表明结合密集台阵资料,通过断裂带首波特征分析可以为断裂带精细结构及几何特征提供一种新的技术方法和途径. 相似文献
18.
利用鲜水河断裂带1990年1月-2009年12月的蠕变与短基线数据,采用小波变换与断层运动学分析方法,获取构造活动产生的断层形变速率.结合近场断层形变测量与GPS资料,分析了该断裂带的分段活动特征及时空演化.结果显示:(1)不同段落断层活动方式存在差异性.鲜水河断裂带分段活动现象显著,以道孚县为界,以北的炉霍、道孚断层走滑量相对较大且活动方式稳定,显示张性和左行走滑;以南的乾宁、折多塘断层活动微弱,走滑量小,且滑动状态复杂,其中,乾宁断层为压性和左行走滑,折多塘断层为微弱的右行走滑.这种分段活动特征可能与断层几何及巴颜喀拉块体内部次级块体的差异运动有关.(2)不同时期断层走滑方式存在交替性.鲜水河断裂带虽以左行走滑为主,但在汶川地震前一些断层段出现过逆向走滑现象.汶川地震前2年,炉霍、道孚断层左行走滑减弱,乾宁、折多塘断层在2007年出现过逆向走滑,至2009年底,逆向走滑区域保持扩展态势.(3)不同测点间距得到的断层错动速率和变形带空间分布特征不同.不同测量方法的分析结果表明,鲜水河断裂带不同段落和跨距宽度的走滑速率有所不同:测点间距18.7~65.1 m的蠕滑速率为0.01~0.78 mm/a;测点间距72~288 m的短基线测量为0.02~2.46 mm/a,点距十几至几十公里的GPS观测为6~11 mm/a;地质滑动速率5~15 mm/a.随测点间距的增加,平行断层的位移速率按对数函数增长,视剪应变率按幂函数衰减.我们推测,大间距测点的数据中既包含了跨断层的错动,也包含了断层两侧块体的分布变形;现今的断层形变测量与地质调查之间的差异,说明断层错动速率在时间上不是常数. 相似文献
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利用2001年 Mw 78 可可西里强震InSAR同震测量结果，反演了青藏高原北部东昆仑断裂两侧地壳弹性介质差异.InSAR测量结果显示断层南侧的同震位移比北侧的大20％～30%.根据人工地震反射剖面建立岩石圈模型，以断层两侧杨氏模量差异和震源破裂深度为反演变量，通过有限元方法模拟实测得到的同震位移剖面.反演得到最佳断层破裂深度为20～22km，断层南侧杨氏模量相对北侧比值为81%～92%.结果表明，断层两侧弹性介质性质存在明显差异，由于构造运动作用，断层南部地壳不及北部地壳坚硬.前人利用地震层析成像和大地电磁测深等手段推断青藏高原内昆仑山断裂以南可可西里－羌塘地块地壳内广泛发育低速高导层，我们通过形变场力学分析得到与此相一致的结果. 相似文献
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Study on rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake using fault-zone trapped waves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The study on deep crustal faults has been one of the most vigorous subjects in seismology. In the past, 3-D deep seismic sounding and 3-D seismic tomography were usually used for this pur-pose. But it is difficult to obtain the fine structures of the faults in deep crust by these methods. Recently, seismologists in the world pay more attention to the fault zone trapped waves. Since the fault-zone trapped waves arise from coherent multiple reflections at two boundaries of the fau… 相似文献