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厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个 ／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。 相似文献
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两种水质处理方式对养虾池内弧菌数量变化的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在两个对虾养殖场，采用不同的水质处理方式养殖凡纳滨对虾（Lhopenaeus vannamei，俗称南美白对虾），并对池内及其附近海域的弧菌数量、水化因子进行跟踪监测．结果表明使用有益微生物制剂处理水质的两口养殖池弧菌数量明显减少，弧菌细胞密度均值分别为535、918个／cm^3，对虾生长正常，水质稳定．另一使用消毒剂处理水质的养殖场弧菌数量较高，两口监测池的弧菌细胞密度均值分别达到373l、4182个／cm^3，且水色变化较大，对虾出现体色异常现象． 相似文献
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大亚湾和厦门港水域的嗜盐弧菌 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
报道厦门港水域7个站位和大亚湾9个站位嗜盐弧菌的数量分布特征、种类组成及其季节变化.采用“MPN”法进行弧菌计数,以TCBS进行弧菌分离以及采用API20E标准系列进行弧菌种的鉴定.结果表明,大亚湾海水中弧菌测值范围为1.48～5.38lg(个/dm3),平均菌数为3.90lg(个/dm3).厦门港测值范围为2.36～5.38lg(个/dm3),平均菌数为3.89lg(个/dm3).弧菌数量随温度发生明显的季节变化,夏季菌数多,冬季菌数少.出现于两港湾的主要弧菌种有溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河弧菌、创伤弧菌、模拟弧菌和麦氏弧菌,溶藻弧菌为优势种. 相似文献
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厦门同西安柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子关系中,除了总菌数与ＣＯＤ存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阀值分别８为１０＾７个ｇ／（湿重）１０＾５个ｇ／（湿重）和１０＾４个ｇ／（湿重）。通过对对虾的细 相似文献
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四种弧菌对中国对虾的致病性研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
１９９５年８月－１９９６年４月,采用注射感染、浸浴感染、创伤感染和投喂感染比较溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、弗尼斯弧菌及其胞外产物对中国对虾的致病性,测定它们的半致死浓度,观察弧菌感染引起的病理组织变化。结果表明,注射感染中,溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌和弗尼斯弧菌２４小时的半致死浓度（ＬＤ５０）分别是１．２×１０＾６,６．５×１０＾７,４．０×１０＾８,６．８×１０＾９（ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ）;４８小时 相似文献
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水产动物致病性副溶血弧菌双重PCR 检测方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是多种水产养殖动物的主要病原菌,尤其是可引起凡纳滨对虾幼虾呈毁灭性死亡。本研究基于gyrB和toxR两种基因序列设计2对特异性引物,建立一种副溶血弧菌快速、准确的双重PCR检测方法,扩增目的片段大小分别为285 bp和368 bp。结果表明在同一PCR反应体系中副溶血弧菌可同时扩增大小分别为285 bp和368 bp的2种基因片段,两种引物对4种其他水产动物病原菌无交叉反应;敏感性检测结果显示,该双重PCR最低能检测8.867 2×103 CFU/mL菌体浓度的副溶血弧菌,对副溶血弧菌模板DNA的检出极限为0.029 3 mg/L;对发病中国对虾糠虾幼体、水产品及虾池养殖用水进行双重PCR检测,呈阳性反应的样品可分离出优势生长的副溶血弧菌。该实验所建立的基于gyrB和toxR两种基因的双重PCR检测方法可用于副溶血弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的快速诊断及分子流行病学的调查研究。 相似文献
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辽宁沿海中国对虾常见病多发病病原菌及防治 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
现将辽宁省沿海地区中国对虾常见病、多发病病原菌及其防治技术的研究结果简报如下。１丹东地区１·１常见病、多发病以黄鳃病为主，有时也出现红腿病、黑鳃病、烂鳃病等。该区养虾的水质良好，对虾人工养殖也有一定基础，但在１９８７～１９８８年，东沟县１０００００亩虾池发病面积达８５％以上，减产率占７０％左右，对虾的绝产面积达７０００多亩。ｌ．２病原菌黄鳃病的病原菌（９１Ｉ０，９１Ａ０，Ｐ０－１）都为端生单鞭毛弧菌，经细菌学鉴定后．定名为鳗弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｏａｎｇｕｉｌｌａｒｕｍ）（图１），经电镜观察，认为对虾黄… 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献