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于１９７５－１９８５年,相继在湖北、湖南、云南和陕西等省进行淡水藻类标本的采集,然后进行裸藻门分类研究,发现了裸藻类的新分类单位。它们是无色裸藻类中２个属的１０个新种类;隶属于变换藻属（Ａａｔａｓｉａ）的有５新种和１个７新变种,即梭形变胞藻（Ａ．ａｃｕｓ）、棒形变胞藻（Ａ．ｃｌｃｖｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）、纺锤变胞藻（Ａ．ｆｕｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）、梨形为胞藻（Ａ．ｐｙｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）、矩形变胞藻（Ａ．ｒｅ 相似文献
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南海东北部末次冰期-全新世古海洋学 总被引：36，自引：6，他引：30
据加速器质谱仪１４Ｃ测年,ＲＣ２６－１６孔提供了南海北部近１５２００ａ来古海洋学的连续沉积记录。其古海洋学发展过程可分为３期,（１）最后冰期（１５．２～１３．３ｋａ）;（２）冰消期（１３．３～９．０ｋａ）;（３）间冰期（９．０ｋａ～现代）。末次冰期至全新世时,冬季海水表层温度由１８℃上升至２４℃,夏季则保持在２７～２９℃之间。在１１ｋａ时,冬季水温曾短暂的一度变凉（约３℃）,此可能代表区内新仙女木事件。末次冰期时,夏季与冬季温度差约为９℃,它的变化幅度较全新世的５℃要大。末次冰期时,表层水（０～５０ｍ）与次表层水（５０～１００ｍ）间碳、氧同位素递减梯度较全新世的为小。１５～１３ｋａ时大洋表层动物衍生营养含量相对较高,推测这与较强的冬季风导致较强的上升流,而造成高养分和高生物生产率有关,全新世时冬季风变弱。全新世碳酸盐补偿深度和有孔虫溶跃层较浅,５．３ｋａ时有短暂的变深,浮游有孔虫保存高峰和碳酸钙高峰值发生在１４～１２ｋａ间,相当于全球性的ＴｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎⅠ事件。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡晚更新世末期硅藻及其古环境意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对南海北部陆坡17940孔晚更新世末期沉积物硅藻的研究表明,该时期硅藻组合以亚热带浮游性种类为主。硅藻组合中优势种和特征种含量的变化,指示了晚更新世末期南海海洋环境较现代封闭、海平面较现代为低的古地理环境。同时,根据硅藻组合中特征种的变化,也可以清楚地界定出波令—阿勒罗德期和新仙女木事件,但是全新世的底界并不明显。 相似文献
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现有研究对全新世以来浮游植物群落结构在黄海的时空变化还缺乏深入认识,针对这一问题,本研究分析了C02和N05岩心中的生物标志物,并结合已发表岩心生物标志物数据,重建黄海全新世以来浮游植物群落结构的时空变化。在早全新世,长链烯酮相对比例（A/∑PB）和菜子甾醇相对比例（B/∑PB）低,甲藻甾醇相对比例（D/∑PB）高。较高的陆源有机质指标（TMBR'）值说明黄海浮游植物群落结构主要受陆源营养盐输入控制。在中全新世,A/∑PB升高,B/∑PB和D/∑PB减小,是由于高温高盐的黄海暖流入侵有利于颗石藻生长。在空间分布上,以ZY3、ZY2、ZY1和YE-2 4个站位组成的35.5°N断面区域烯酮相对比例大幅升高,西部站位C02与东部N05烯酮比例小幅上升,这是由于黄海暖流主轴流经35.5°N断面,该区域主要受黄海暖流控制,而其他区域仍受陆源营养盐输入控制。从早全新世到中全新世,B/∑PB（D/∑PB）高值相继出现在N05（C02）和C02（N05）区域,这是由于2个站位的控制因素不同,可能与黄海暖流主轴摆动和陆源物质的搬运有关。在晚全新世,A/∑PB继续升高,B/∑PB和D/∑PB减小。晚全新世东亚冬季季风增强使黄海环流体系加强,黄海暖流对颗石藻的影响进一步扩大。甲藻甾醇与菜子甾醇的相对比例（D/B）升高,可能是由于东亚冬季季风增强,使含有更多氮元素的大气物质沉降到黄海,有利于甲藻对硅藻的竞争。 相似文献
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本文利用南海盆地箱式岩芯浮游有孔虫壳体的氧同位素资料,对南海全新世时气候的变化幅度进行了研究,并以浮游有孔虫壳体的δ~(18)O值为依据,将南海全新世时的气候变迁划分成4个阶段。同时,配合碳同位素资料对南海全新世的古海洋状况作了描述,根据δ~(18)O值与海平面的变化关系,首次定量估算出全新世大西洋期时南海海平面要较现代海平面高6m以上。此外,还利用δ~(18)O值所反映的水温,对不同种属浮游有孔虫的生存深度序列进行了探讨。 相似文献
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几种单胞藻对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究了不同浓度的三角褐指藻（Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ）和不同种单胞藻单独喂养 及混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤 Ａｐｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓ ｂｏｒｎｅｏｅｎｓｉｓ群体增殖的影响。经１０ｄ的培养,初步得 出：三角褐指藻对婆罗异剑水蚤适宜的浓度为２０×１０~４～５０×１０~４ｃｅｌｌ／ｍｌ;在４种单胞藻中, 等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｓｐ．）效果最好,扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓ ｈｅｌｇｏｌａｎｄｉｃａ）次之,小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．）最 差;几种单胞藻混合喂养婆罗异剑水蚤,其群体增殖效果总体上比单种藻类喂养来得显著。 还就不同浓度的藻类及不同种藻类单独或混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响进行 讨论。 相似文献
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尕海地区晚冰期以来沉积记录的气候环境演变 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对尕海沉积物烧失量和碳酸盐含量以及岩性变化分析,重建了尕海地区晚冰期以来的气候环境演变。结果显示:烧失量及碳酸盐含量指标可以较好地反映晚冰期以来的气候变化,晚冰期的阿勒罗德暖期和新仙女木事件有较好的反映。全新世则可划分为早全新世的不稳定期,年代为11150-8240 cal.aBP,中全新世较为暖湿期,年代为8240-3200 cal.aBP,晚全新世干冷期,年代为3200 cal.aBP至今。并发现1550-1440 cal.aBP存在一暖湿事件。 相似文献
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中美洲伯利兹陆架区３个孤立的全新世碳酸盐台地的发育Ｅ．Ｇｉｓｃｈｌｅｒ,Ｊ．Ｈ．Ｈｕｄｓｏｎ在伯利兹生物礁碳酸盐台地中,通过岩心可以识别出４种全新世岩相：珊瑚粘结灰岩相、颗粒砾状灰岩相、未固结的生物礁砂质和砾质以及泥炭质相。（１）珊瑚粘结灰岩相最为丰... 相似文献
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欧洲中部晚冰期／全新世过渡期高分辨率的湖泊记录ＴｏｍａｓｚＧｏｓｌａｒ等Ｇｏｓｃｉａｚ湖（５２°３０′Ｎ、１０°２０′Ｅ、海拔６４．４ｍ）位于Ｖｉｓｔｕｌｉａｎ冰川作用最大进积期冰盖的南部，最深处在湖的中心部位，另一个较深的部位在湖的西部，相互距离大... 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献