共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 574 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Marc S. Humphries Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson Michael Bizimis Timothy J. Ralph Zacchary T. Larkin Terence S. McCarthy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(8):1705-1716
Dust plays a globally important role in supplying biologically essential elements to landscapes underlain by nutrient-poor substrates. Here we show that dust may play a significant role in sustaining productivity in the vast wetlands of the Okavango Delta in southern Africa, one of the world's richest biodiversity hotspots. Dust accumulates preferentially on tree-covered islands in the seasonal swamps of the Delta, creating pockets of fine-grained, nutrient-rich material within the semi-arid landscape of the Kalahari Desert. Strontium and neodymium isotopes reveal that this dust likely originates predominantly from the Makgadikgadi salt pans, located 300 km away, and contributes 10–80% of the fine-grained material present in Okavango island soils. Surface material sourced from the Makgadikgadi Pans contains relatively high amounts of bioavailable phosphorus and iron, potentially influencing Okavango Delta biological productivity. We propose that long-term ecosystem productivity and nutrient availability in the Okavango may be strongly mediated by regional dust inputs. Understanding the influence of dust deposition on nutrient loads and biogeochemical cycling is thus critical for predicting the response of the Okavango Delta to future changes in climate. We suggest that dust inputs may play a significant role in the supply of nutrients to other large, global wetland systems located in dryland environments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
4.
滹沱河湿地是山西省重要的湿地资源,对生物多样性的保护有至关重要的作用.有壳变形虫是一类生活在淡水生态系统中的原生动物,对环境变化响应敏感,是良好的环境生物指示剂.本研究主要对山西滹沱河流域6个湿地52个不同生境的沉积样品进行有壳变形虫物种组成及多样性分析,通过对有壳变形虫和环境因子数据进行排序分析探讨影响有壳变形虫群落分布的关键环境因子.结果显示:滹沱河湿地共记录有壳变形虫20种,其中斜口三足虫(Trinema enchelys)、顶足法帽虫(Phryganella acropodia)和线条三足虫(Trinema lineare)为优势种,相对丰度分别为23.4%、17.38%、13.48%.沉积物粒度和有机质含量对有壳变形虫的物种组成及多样性有显著影响,砂粒含量越低、有机质含量越高,有壳变形虫的丰富度和多样性就越高.CCA排序结果表明硝态氮和COD是影响有壳变形虫种类组成和分布的关键环境因子,解释量分别为19.6%和17.3%,而pH的解释量最小,为8.6%.本研究结果为山西湿地有壳变形虫的现代生态学研究提供借鉴,为湿地多样性保护、管理和修复提供理论支撑. 相似文献
5.
6.
长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
湖泊湿地是鸟类的重要栖息地,湖泊湿地鸟类是湖泊生态系统重要的监测生物,湖泊湿地鸟类多样性及其影响因素的研究对湿地管理具有重要意义.2011年7-8月,采用样线法对长江中下游安庆沿江7个湖泊湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查,以期为湖泊湿地资源管理提供依据.共记录到安庆沿江湖泊湿地鸟类14目35科82种,其中留鸟27种(占32.9%),夏候鸟37种(占45.1%);水鸟28种(占34.6%);肉食性、食虫和杂食性鸟类占多数,分别占30.5%、30.5%和23.2%;须浮鸥、夜鹭、丝光椋鸟、黑脸噪鹛、树麻雀、家燕等6种鸟类为优势种.物种数以黄大湖最高(50种),白荡湖和破罡湖最低(各28种);Shannon-Wiener指数以黄大湖最高(2.123),白荡湖最低(1.918);均匀度指数以龙感湖最高(0.865),菜子湖最低(0.739).进一步分析显示,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与干扰强度呈显著负相关.采取退田还湖、恢复湿地等途径增加湿地面积、生境类型和植被资源对于保护湖泊湿地的鸟类资源具有积极意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
Modelling wetland connectivity during overbank flooding in a tropical floodplain in north Queensland,Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fazlul Karim Anne Kinsey‐Henderson Jim Wallace Angela H. Arthington Richard G. Pearson 《水文研究》2012,26(18):2710-2723
Hydrological connectivity between floodplain wetlands and rivers is one of the principal driving mechanisms for the diversity, productivity and interactions of the major biota in river–floodplain systems. This article describes a method of quantifying flood‐induced overbank connectivity using a hydrodynamic model (MIKE 21) to calculate the timing, the duration and the spatial extent of the connections between several floodplain wetlands and rivers in the Tully–Murray catchment, north Queensland, Australia. Areal photogrammetry and field surveyed stream cross data were used to reproduce floodplain topography and rivers in the model. Laser altimetry (LiDAR)–derived fine resolution elevation data, for the central floodplain, were added to the topography model to improve the resolution of key features including wetlands, flow pathways and natural and artificial flow barriers. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated using a combination of in‐stream and floodplain gauge records. A range of off‐stream wetlands including natural and artificial, small and large were investigated for their connectivity with two main rivers (Tully and Murray) flowing over the floodplain for flood events of 1‐, 20‐ and 50‐year recurrence intervals. The duration of the connection of individual wetlands varied from 1 to 12 days, depending on flood magnitude and location in the floodplain, with some wetlands only connected during large floods. All of the wetlands studied were connected to the Tully River for shorter periods than they were to the Murray River because of the higher bank heights and levees on the Tully River and wetland proximity to the Murray River. Other than hydrology, land relief, riverbank elevation and levee banks along the river were found key factors controlling the degree of connectivity. These variations in wetland connectivity could have important implications for aquatic biota that move between rivers and off‐stream habitats during floods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,也是具有国际意义的候鸟越冬地. 近年来,鄱阳湖水文情势异常使得候鸟越冬环境更加复杂. 本文以2020年鄱阳湖出现夏季极端水位为背景,基于2019和2020年鄱阳湖越冬水鸟同步调查数据,探讨了夏季极端水位对越冬水鸟丰富度和空间分布的影响. 研究结果表明：夏季极端水位条件下鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的总数量、群落结构和优势物种组成相对稳定,水鸟数量由597307只下降至572358只,主要是鸭科、鸥科、鹳科、鸬鹚科和鹮科鸟类数量明显下降;食块茎、食种子和食鱼集团水鸟数量均有所下降. 水鸟的整体空间分布格局变化不大,主要栖息地仍为鄱阳湖保护区和上饶湿地的碟形湖及人控湖汊,越冬水鸟向人工湿地扩散加剧. 2019年在人工湿地主要记录到灰鹤926只、白鹤3只;2020年则记录到白鹤2215只、灰鹤7294只、白头鹤88只、白枕鹤378只、豆雁550只、鸿雁3100只、灰雁3200只和小天鹅1543只. 2020年冬季人工湿地中的越冬水鸟数量比2019年增加显著. 鄱阳湖夏季极端水位导致沉水植物群落崩溃,造成植食性水鸟在天然湿地中的越冬食物短缺,从而导致种群空间分布格局出现明显变化,这也是鹤类和雁类水鸟前往人工湿地觅食的主要原因. 因此,在夏季洪水频发的背景下加强人工湿地管理,是当前解决越冬水鸟天然湿地食物资源短缺的重要措施. 相似文献
10.
Simone Jaqueline Cardoso Fábio RolandSimoni Maria Loverde-Oliveira Vera Lúcia de Moraes Huszar 《Limnologica》2012,42(3):235-241
During the high water season, the flooding reduces environmental heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems of the Pantanal wetland. When the water level recedes, lakes and channels are formed as individual systems. Therefore, we expected the spatial heterogeneity during the low water phase resulting in changes on biological communities leading to high phytoplankton abundance, biomass and diversity within and between habitats. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed eight freshwater systems (five oxbow lakes, two channels, and the river) during the low water period. Phytoplankton biomass, abundance, diversity (alpha, beta, gamma) and diversity metrics as richness (species per sample), Shannon diversity (H′) and evenness were measured in all systems along with nutrient concentrations, zooplankton and bacteria abundances. We found 97 species as gamma diversity. The alpha diversity was unexpectedly low in comparison to most other South American floodplain systems (38 species in river, 24 in channels and 29 in lakes). Also, the systems are relatively similar in composition (beta diversity, 28%). Connectivity differences between systems highlighted differences in phytoplankton abundance and biomass (fresh weight) ranging from 1428 ind mL−1 (river) to 3710 ind mL−1 (lakes) and from 0.71 mg L−1 (river) to 2.9 mg L−1 (lakes), respectively. However, our results did not indicate significant differences in phytoplankton species richness between the systems during the low water. Our main conclusions are that local factors may be responsible for changes on phytoplankton community and the time of isolation during the low water phase was not sufficient to promote changes in phytoplankton diversity between the habitats. 相似文献
11.
Nobuo Ishiyama Takumi Akasaka Futoshi Nakamura 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(3):437-449
Management of wetland connectivity is important for biodiversity conservation. In the modern agricultural landscape, the natural connections between floodplain wetlands have been greatly altered. Agricultural ditches and channelized streams are widely distributed in floodplains, which may contribute to the maintenance of wetland connectivity and biodiversity. To determine how these watercourse networks affect wetland biodiversity, we examined the relationship between the species richness of aquatic animals and wetland connectivity, with a special focus on species mobility. From July to August 2011, fish and aquatic insects were collected from 24 wetlands in northern Japan. To determine the degree of wetland connectivity, we assessed the relative importance of individual wetlands in maintaining the entire wetland network using two connectivity indices: hydrologic connectivity via watercourses and spatial connectivity defined as Euclidian distances between wetlands using graph theory. We found that only high mobility groups of both taxa could enhance species richness in either a hydrologic (fish) or spatial (insect) wetland network. The species richness of insects with high-flying ability was found to increase as spatial connectivity increased. Furthermore, the species richness of fish with high-swimming ability was positively influenced by hydrologic connectivity, most likely because highly mobile species were able to reach suitable habitats and migrate from source populations in a wetland network owing to their good mobility. Our findings indicate that hydrologic network is important for maintaining biodiversity as well as spatial connectivity. It is important to focus conservation efforts on key wetlands with high hydrologic and spatial connectivity in future wetland management. 相似文献
12.
Groundwater in the wetlands of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its contribution to the structure and function of the ecosystem 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The Okavango Delta of northern Botswana is a large (40,000 km2) alluvial fan located at the terminus of the Okavango River. The river discharges about 10 km3 of water onto the fan each year, augmented by about 6 km3 of rainfall, which sustains about 2500 km2 of permanent wetland and up to 8000 km2 of seasonal wetland. Interaction between this surface water and the groundwater strongly influences the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem. The climate is semi-arid, and only 2% of the water leaves as surface flow and probably very little as groundwater flow. The bulk of the water is lost to the atmosphere. The Okavango River also delivers about 170,000 tonnes of bedload sediment and about 360,000 tonnes of solutes to the Delta each year, most of which are deposited on the fan. Bedload is deposited in the proximal, permanent wetland, whilst much of the solute load is deposited in the seasonal wetland. Notwithstanding the high evapotranspirational loss, saline surface water is rare. Between 80 and 90% of the seasonal flood water infiltrates the ground, recharging the groundwater beneath the flood plains and the many islands on the flood plains. The remainder is lost by evaporation. This groundwater reservoir is transpired into the atmosphere by both aquatic vegetation on the flood plains and terrestrial vegetation on the islands, and the water table is steadily lowered following passage of the seasonal flood. Trees, which are almost exclusively confined to islands, are particularly important, as they lower the water table beneath islands relative to the surrounding wetlands. There is therefore a net flow of groundwater towards islands. Accumulation of dissolved salts in this groundwater leads to precipitation of solutes (mainly of silica and calcite) in the soils beneath island fringes and the islands grow by vertical expansion. Islands are thus an expression of the chemical sedimentation taking place on the fan. Sodium bicarbonate accumulates in the groundwater beneath island centres, and this impacts on the vegetation, leading ultimately to barren island interiors. Dense saline brine thus produced subsides under density-driven flow. This cycling of seasonal flood water through the groundwater reservoir thus plays a key role in creating and maintaining the biological and habitat diversity of the wetland, and inhibits the formation of saline surface water. 相似文献
13.
升金湖是长江中下游地区典型的浅水通江湖泊,是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上水鸟重要的越冬地. 2017年11月-2018年3月,以该湖泊越冬鸭属(Anas)鸟类为研究对象,对其在芦苇湿地、芡实塘、退耕还湿和水生植被恢复湿地4种湿地生境中的群落结构、行为特征及其环境影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明,升金湖分布有10种越冬鸭属鸟类,斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、绿翅鸭(A. crecca)和绿头鸭(A. platyrhynchos)为该属鸟类群落的优势种. 鸭属鸟类群落在越冬前期种类和数量最多,在整个越冬期,鸭属鸟类在芦苇湿地中种数、数量、密度和多样性指数最高. 在水生植物盖度高、人为活动弱的芦苇湿地,鸭类的主要行为是休息;在食物资源丰富、人为活动强的芡实塘和退耕还湿湿地,其主要行为是觅食和警戒. 鸭属鸟类群落种数、数量、密度和多样性指数与湿地的面积、水域面积、水生植物盖度呈正相关,与干扰度和水深呈负相关. 觅食时间与气温和沉水植物的盖度呈正相关,与水深和干扰度呈负相关,警戒时间与干扰度呈正相关,与挺水植物的盖度呈负相关. 各种恢复类型的湿地生境成为越冬鸭属鸟类的重要栖息地,因此恢复多种湿地栖息地对于越冬水鸟的保护具有重要意义. 相似文献
14.
《Limnologica》2017
We explored distributional patterns and habitat preferences of ostracods in the Burdur province (Turkey). At 121 sites we recorded 35 taxa (22 recent, 13 sub-recent), of which 23 represent new records for the province. According to the Index of Dispersion and d-statistics, the individual species exhibited clumped distributions. Cosmopolitan species dominated (63.64%). A direct effect of regional factors (e.g., elevation) was not observed, while local factors (e.g., water temperature) best explained species distribution among habitats. Based on alpha diversity values, natural habitats (springs, ponds, creeks) were more suitable than artificial habitats (e.g., troughs, dams), suggesting that natural habitats define regional species diversity. Twenty-two of the recorded species had wider ecological ranges than previously reported. Cosmopolitan species appeared to suppress non-cosmopolitan species due to their wider ecological range. 相似文献
15.
大型通江湖泊洞庭湖的鱼类物种多样性及其时空变化 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
为了解通江湖泊鱼类物种多样性现状,于2004年3月-2004年12月和2005年5月对洞庭湖城陵矶、岳阳和沅江三个区域的鱼类进行逐月调查.共鉴定鱼类69种,隶属6目14科44属,其中59.4%为鲤科鱼类.以种类数和多样性指数分析了群落多样性特征,结果表明洞庭湖鱼类种类多样性较高,且时空变化较大.一般地,湖区与长江干流的距离越近,种类数达到峰值的时间就越早;鱼类多样性在春夏季高于秋冬季,在南洞庭湖高于其它两个区域.以优势度>5000为标准,全湖有17种优势种,其中80.0%为湖泊定居性鱼类.在生态类群方面,湖泊定居性鱼类种类最多,占总种类数的74.0%;江湖洄游性鱼类最少,占13.0%.对比分析显示,由于生境丧失、天然苗种资源衰退和过度捕捞等原因,洞庭湖鱼类多样性较20世纪70年代明显下降,洄游鱼类种类数减少;通江湖泊鱼类多样性明显高于阻隔湖泊,表明江湖阻隔造成鱼类多样性下降,因此,加强江湖连通是保护鱼类多样性的有效手段. 相似文献
16.
The Okavango wetland in northern Botswana is one of the world's largest inland deltas. The delta is a dynamic environment with shifting channel routes, causing growth and decay of ?anking wetlands, and giving birth to islands. Primary island nuclei are formed by ?uvial processes and bioengineering, and subsequently grow into secondary larger islands of irregular shape by clastic and chemical sedimentation, and later by coalescence. This article presents classi?cations and quantitative estimations of channels, wetlands and islands of the Okavango Delta. Islands were classi?ed dependent on composition, pattern of composition, shape and juxtaposition. 90 per cent of all islands in the entire wetland were identi?ed, with a classi?cation accuracy of 60 to 85 per cent. Smaller islands of the nucleus types dominate the upper parts of the delta, whereas larger secondary islands are more common in the distal part, a re?ection of the age of the islands. Islands in the entry valley of the delta, the Panhandle, are larger in the top end – the primary region of recent clastic sedimentation. The overall size distribution of islands in the delta, however, shows no clumps, indicating that island growth is a uniform process over time and space. The total area ?ooded at least every decade is approximately 14 000 km2, of which 9000 km2 is classi?ed as actual wetland. Channel meandering decreases from the Panhandle to the distal part of the delta, with the abandoned Thaoge channel as an exception. Occurrence of ?uvially formed islands in the distal delta indicates that the water ?ow and area of inundation must once have been much larger. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
珠江干流梯级开发对鱼类的影响与减缓对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年6—7月对珠江龙滩库尾至长洲坝下江段干支流鱼类进行了调查,共采集到鱼类6418尾,隶属于10目23科82属122种.分析了渔获物的种类组成与分布、生态类型、珍稀濒危特有鱼类采样情况、各江段群落相似度和鱼类多样性等,并与该区域鱼类历史记录进行了对比分析.总体来看,珠江干流梯级开发后,由于大坝阻隔、水文情势改变等,鱼类资源发生了较大变化,河海洄游性鱼类和河口鱼类受大坝阻隔影响分布范围变窄;珍稀濒危特有鱼类由于生境破坏,种群规模变小,濒危程度加剧;库中江段流水性鱼类种类数和资源量显著下降,静缓流鱼类成为优势种;外来鱼类种类多、分布广.对导致珠江干流鱼类资源衰退的其他原因进行了分析,主要包括过度捕捞、生境破坏、水污染和外来鱼类入侵等.针对珠江干流梯级开发及鱼类资源现状,提出了栖息地保护、河流连通性恢复、鱼类增殖放流站建设、生态调度、渔政管理和生态补偿等措施建议. 相似文献
18.
19.
鄱阳湖越冬水鸟栖息地评价 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
参照国际重要鸟区的评定标准,建立基于种群数量综合因子、物种多样性因子、保护物种综合因子的水鸟栖息地重要性评价因子集,采用模糊综合法评估鄱阳湖62个子湖泊作为越冬水鸟栖息地的重要性.结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖的水鸟栖息地总体处于比较重要的水平,子湖泊之间栖息地的重要性呈现出明显的空间差异,自然保护区内高于保护区外;(2)不同子湖泊间栖息地重要性的变化趋势不同,53.23%的子湖泊栖息地重要性上升,46.77%的子湖泊栖息地重要性下降,自然保护区内重要性下降的子湖泊比重低于自然保护区外.因此,当前保护区对栖息地的保护和管理是有效的,但省级以下保护区内的一些子湖泊的重要性存在下降的趋势,当前仍存在部分保护空缺.本研究为水鸟栖息地的保护与管理提供了科学支撑. 相似文献
20.
Cecilia Español Belinda Gallardo M. Rosa Pino Ana Martín Francisco A. Comín 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2013,75(3):385-397
Ecosystem metabolism is an important measure of wetland restoration efficiency, and serves to indicate if the system is capable of processing energetic resources. Despite its value, ecosystem metabolism has rarely been included in monitoring programs. In this study, we aimed to achieve the following objectives: (i) compare net ecosystem production (NEP) rates of constructed vs. natural wetlands; (ii) identify the highest NEP rate habitats; and (iii) define the main environmental factors regulating NEP in different wetland types. Pelagic and benthic NEP rates and physicochemical features were measured in three natural and five constructed wetlands in the middle Ebro River floodplain (NE Spain). Statistical analyses showed pelagic NEP rates peaked in natural wetlands, which produced up to 187.5 mg C m?3 h?1 compared to lower rates in constructed wetlands (up to 46.2 mg C m?3 h?1). Pelagic NEP responded positively to temperature, total dissolved solids, and nutrients. Benthic NEP rates were 3 to 30-fold greater than pelagic in natural (up to 994.9 mg C m?3 h?1) and constructed (up to 1,551.5 mg C m?3 h?1) wetlands, and were heavily influenced by habitat type, with NEP peaking in areas dominated by submerged vegetation and fine organic sediment. Rapid recovery in aquatic communities (i.e. macroinvertebrate diversity) has been previously reported for the studied wetlands; however, our study suggests a slower recovery of functional processes (i.e. pelagic NEP) in constructed habitats. We therefore strongly advocate the inclusion of ecosystem function in the design and evaluation of restoration projects to optimise long-term wetland ecosystem sustainability. 相似文献