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西南早寒武世牛蹄塘组是分布在中国南方扬子地台的一套黑色岩系,区域上发育有典型富集多金属元素的硫化物矿化层。选取遵义松林小竹牛蹄塘组下部富硒、钼、镍等元素的黑色岩系剖面,利用Se同位素初步探讨了该剖面岩石的沉积环境和硒的可能来源。结果表明,小竹牛蹄塘组下部剖面黑色岩系的δ^82/76SeSRM 3149比值变化较大,下部底层含碳斑脱岩与磷块岩的变化范围在-4．35％～＋4．11‰之间;中间镍钼层及碳质页岩、碳质碳酸盐岩的占82δ^82/76SeSRM 3149变化范围窄,平均值为0．91700±0．23700（n=4）;上层碳质页岩为-1．24‰。结合已发表的钼同位素数据,认为中间岩石沉积于缺氧／无氧环境,但存在盆地海水与热液或充氧水团的混合;下层的岩石曾一度位于充氧与贫氧环境的边界面,局部岩石曾暴露地表经历了较强的风化和蚀变作用,海水中硒有可能来自底部富硒斑脱岩的氧化淋滤或海底热液。据此推测遵义松林小竹牛蹄塘组下部岩石的沉积环境极可能处在局限盆地靠近陆地的边缘部分,经历了充氧→贫氧→缺氧／无氧→贫氧的演化阶段。 相似文献
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西南早寒武纪牛蹄塘组是分布在中国南方扬子地台的一套黑色岩系,在区域上发育有典型富集多金属元素的硫化物矿化层.本研究选取遵义松林小竹牛蹄塘组下部富硒、钼、镍等元素的黑色岩系剖面,利用Se同位素初步探讨了该剖面岩石的沉积环境和Se的可能来源. 相似文献
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黔北镇远牛蹄塘组黑色页岩沉积环境与有机质富集关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过矿物组分、主量元素、微量元素、碳氧同位素等特征,分析了黔北地区镇远县ZX井牛蹄塘组黑色页岩的岩相类型和不同岩相页岩的沉积环境及其与有机质富集间的关系。结果表明,牛蹄塘组下段以硅质页岩为主,TOC含量4. 96%~10. 10%;上段以富泥硅质页岩为主,TOC含量1. 43%~9. 04%。下段硅质页岩沉积于水流停滞的深水陆棚环境,沉积古水体为贫氧的还原状态;上段富泥硅质页岩沉积时期,仍为贫氧的还原环境,但水体滞留程度、还原性较下段硅质页岩沉积期弱。贫氧的还原环境是影响牛蹄塘组黑色页岩有机质富集的主要因素,热液作用和陆源碎屑对牛蹄塘组黑色页岩有机质富集的影响较小。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(5)
基于野外地质成果和页岩气调查评价资料,笔者对渝东南下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系进行了研究,并对其中黑色页岩的储集层特征及含气性进行了初步评价。该区牛蹄塘组黑色岩系主要可分为黑色碳质页岩、薄层黑色含粉砂页岩、中薄层黑色含粉砂碳质页岩及黑色薄层硅质岩等4种岩性。研究认为,黑色岩系中泥页岩储集层具有含气量大、有机碳含量高、成熟度高等特点,并且纳米孔隙、微裂隙十分发育,有利于页岩气的勘探开发。研究区东南部为下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气开发有利区块。 相似文献
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贵州遵义早寒武黑色岩系底部Se的超常富集 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
对遵义松林下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系部分样品的对比分析表明,应用不同光度法测定的硒和应用ICP-MS分析的硒之间存在良好的相关性,表明应用ICP-MS可以快速批量分析黑色岩系样品中的硒,提出用于推导硒含量的经验公式。利用该经验公式对遵义松林牛蹄塘组黑色岩系底部钾质斑脱岩段和中部镍钼金属层段的硒进行了计算,表明在这两个岩性段存在硒的超常富集,局部都达到了工业品位。钾质斑脱岩中硒与铜具有良好的相关性,表明硒可能存在于含铜硫化物中;在镍钼层中硒与镍、铜具有较好的相关性,表明硒主要存在于镍和铜的硫化物中。根据硒的亲硫性,进一步揭示了遵义钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆可能为含黝方石和（或）钙霞石的粗安岩、粗面岩、响岩;在镍钼富集层中铜镍、铜硒及镍硒之间都具有良好的相关性,表明镍、铜、硒富集的原始物源与超基性岩浆铜镍硫化物的分离富集有关;根据钾质斑脱岩层与多金属富集层的空间相关性及微量元素组合特征．认为在遵义松林地区早寒武世时期深部存在碱性-超基性岩浆活动。 相似文献
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贵州省遵义松林地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍钼多金属层富集U、Mo、Ni、Re、Tl等元素.本文以松林地区镍钼多金属层磷块岩为主要研究对象,在松林系统取样的基础上,开展化学分析、径迹蚀刻、扫描电镜、能谱面扫描、浸出实验等工作.结果表明下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍钼多金属层中Ni、Mo显著富集,达到工业品位,U、Re、Tl明显富集.径迹蚀刻实验揭示铀主要富集于磷块岩碎屑边缘有机碳外带,为进一步确定铀的赋存形式圈定重点观察区.该区镍钼多金属层中铀呈晶质铀矿形式赋存于溶蚀重结晶磷块岩的溶蚀孔洞、微裂隙或微孔隙中,并与中高温热液矿物针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、磷灰石共生.浸出实验采用去离子水、H2 SO4、NaHCO3+MnO2三种介质浸出样品中水溶态、酸可溶态、氧化可溶态的铀.80℃,48 h条件下浸出实验结果显示多金属磷块岩由黑色褪色为浅灰色、灰色,碳质页岩实验前后颜色均为黑色.遵义地区镍钼多金属层及碳质页岩中铀主要以吸附状态或独立矿物形式存在,以类质同象形式存在的难溶铀占比较小.研究认为,该区镍钼多金属层磷块岩中铀以独立矿物形式存在并与中高温热液矿物共生,为揭示扬子陆块东缘陆源裂陷环境下发生海底喷流和热水沉积作用提供新的微观证据. 相似文献
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对位于不同构造位置的两条下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩采石场剖面进行了垂向系统采样研究,并进行了有机地球化学、矿物学及孔隙度测试。酉阳丹泉剖面富有机质层段集中在牛蹄塘组下部,厚度在25 m以上,总有机碳含量(TOC)均大于5.65%,遵义松林剖面仅对下部富有机质页岩进行采样,但基于富有机质层段地球化学垂向变化趋势可进行对比研究。结果表明,页岩微孔体积主要由有机孔提供,且基本不受构造作用影响。松林剖面TOC值越高,伊利石含量越低,介孔体积越小;而构造稳定区页岩介孔体积除部分样品与松林剖面重合外,仍有部分样品介孔体积明显偏高,说明构造位置的差异对页岩介孔具有明显的影响。宏孔体积在TOC大于6.4%时有减小的趋势,但不同构造位置的两剖面样品受构造应力差异影响不明显。构造应力对孔隙的影响主要与岩石的力学性质及伊利石矿物孔的保存能力有关。 相似文献
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为深入探讨湘西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系沉积-构造环境,对三岔剖面黑色岩系进行了详细采样测试,并重点分析了主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明,牛蹄塘组黑色岩系不仅有机碳含量高,而且相比于北美页岩更富集V、Ni、Cr等微量元素。δ~(13)C_(org)及微量元素判别指标V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、δU、Ce/La、Ce_(anom)等特征的变化均反映牛蹄塘组沉积期水体属缺氧还原的浅水环境,且Mo/TOC与U_(EF)-Mo_(EF)协同模式表明沉积区当时为一局限海盆环境。稀土元素(REE)中轻稀土相对重稀土富集,且北美页岩标准化分布模式呈近水平略微左倾状,结合元素比值特征和La/YbCe/Yb、La/Yb-ΣREE图解,牛蹄塘组黑色岩系的母岩以长英质岩石为主,但沉积过程也受到海底热液作用影响。同时,根据δCe、δEu的特征与K_2O/Na_2O-SiO_2图解,认为沉积区在早寒武世为被动大陆边缘构造背景。 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
20.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献