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1.
Settlement and metamorphosis of Styela canopus Savigny larvae in response to some neurotransmitters and thyroxin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1IntroductionAs importantsteps in the life cycles of mostma-rine benthos,settlement and metamorphosis of theirplanktonic larvae influence directly the populationdistribution and fluctuation of benthos.Research onlarval settlement and metamorphosis of mari… 相似文献
2.
冠瘤海鞘同种群聚的化学诱因初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的冠瘤海鞘成体被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物及不同的幼体密度对冠瘤海鞘(Styela canopus)幼体附着和变态的影响.结果表明,冠瘤海鞘被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物在5%和10%的浓度下均促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态,但被囊萃取物的诱导效果明显强于幼体萃取物;幼体密度高于25只/cm3时,促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态;幼体密度低于10只/cm3时,幼体的附着和变态不受密度影响.这些结果提示海区中冠瘤海鞘的同种群聚可能与其被囊或幼体内含诱导幼体附着和变态的化学因子有关. 相似文献
3.
The larvae of Styela canopus show the highest rates of settlement and metamorphosiswhen treated with 40 mM KCl-elevated seawater at 25 ℃ in temperature and 27.0 in salinity. Inducedby 40 mM KCl-elevated seawater, it took Styela canopus larvae approximately 3 h after hatching to de-velop competence to settle and metamorphose. The present experiment shows that Styela canopus larvaeis an ideal model organism for examining the efficiency of antifouling substance. 相似文献
4.
海洋附着细菌对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从冠瘤海鞘、皱瘤海鞘及乳突皮海鞘的被囊表面及其附着基和附近的海水中分离到290株细菌,根据其形态和生理生化特征,将其鉴定至弧菌属、肠杆菌属和无色杆菌属等10个属.分析海鞘被囊表面及其附着基和海水中的细菌组成,并从各属中挑出的29株细菌中分离筛选出附着能力较强的9株.将这9株细菌分别制成不同的单种细菌黏膜及9种细菌混合黏膜,检测细菌黏膜对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的影响.结果表明不同细菌黏膜对冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态起不同的作用.无色杆菌属H-13显著地促进海鞘的附着和变态;弧菌属的H-4对海鞘的附着和变态均起抑制作用;弧菌属H-9明显地促进附着却强烈抑制海鞘幼体变态;其余细菌仅仅对海鞘幼体附着或变态的一个过程起作用或是对两者都没有明显效果. 相似文献
5.
冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的离子控制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了人工海水中三种金属离子K+,Mg2+和Ca2+分别在不同浓度下对冠瘤海鞘(Styelaca nopusSavigny)幼体附着和变态的影响,同时采用K+通道阻滞剂TEA检验其可兴奋细胞膜上的K+通道特性,对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的离子控制机制进行初步探讨,结果表明:K+的浓度为20~40mmol/dm3时诱导幼体附着和变态的效果最佳,低于45 mmol/dm3和高于80mmol/dm3的K+浓度都表现出抑制效果;Mg2+浓度在0~32 mmol/dm3时显著促进幼体附着和变态,达88mmol/dm3时起抑制作用;在人工海水中无论添加或减少Ca2+,均有效抑制幼体变态.TEA不能阻抑增加K+的诱导作用,这表明冠瘤海鞘幼体可兴奋细胞膜上的K+通道对外部TEA不敏感.另外,人工海水中缺乏K+或Ca2+或K+浓度达80mmol/dm3都会对冠瘤海鞘幼体产生毒害作用. 相似文献
6.
7.
方斑东风螺样品采自福建省南部诏安海域.其卵囊无色透明,叶片状,每个卵囊内有受精卵500～1 600个,卵径为280～308μm.方斑东风螺胚胎发育在卵囊内进行,第一次和第二次卵裂分别为经裂,分裂中有极叶出现.随后其卵裂以螺旋式不等裂方式进行,在胚胎的动物极形成帽状胚盘.其囊胚期胚体开始缓慢转动.在水温为29.0～29.5℃的条件下,产卵后60～63 h其成为早期面盘幼虫.此期以面盘、足、壳的出现为标志.中期面盘幼虫阶段包括囊内的面盘幼虫至出囊后且卵黄尚未消失的浮游幼虫初期阶段.出囊后的幼虫浮游1～2 d后,卵黄囊完全消失成为后期面盘幼虫,心脏搏动频率加快,足变大并伸长.在水温为27.5～28.5℃的条件下,经10～12 d的浮游,后期面盘幼虫转为底栖生活,随后面盘退化、萎缩并完成变态,营爬行生活,贝壳上出现棕褐色斑纹,成为稚螺. 相似文献
8.
贻贝(Mytilus edulis)发育早期酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用组织化学和分光光度技术对贻贝卵、胚胎和早期幼虫酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性进行了定位和定量研究,以探讨贝类早期发育过程中的免疫防御机制。组织化学显示,从卵细胞到D型面盘幼虫各个时期都呈ACP和AKP阳性,卵细胞中阳性颗粒较大且分布比较均匀,受精卵中央着色较深,卵裂期核区呈强阳性且大分裂球内阳性颗粒较多,原肠胚和担轮幼虫外层细胞阳性较强,面盘幼虫外套膜边缘膜、内脏团和面盘基部呈强阳性。生化测定ACP和AKP活力,均是卵细胞最低,随着发育酶活力逐步提高,其中ACP活力在受精后和囊胚期明显提高,囊胚期达到最高峰,其后又略有下降;AKP活力在卵裂期、担轮幼虫和面盘幼虫提高较大,面盘幼虫期酶活力最高。ACP和AKP可能在贻贝的发育早期抵抗病原生物侵染方面发挥重要作用。 相似文献
9.
犬齿牙鲆胚胎及仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
犬齿牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)卵为端黄卵,受精卵浮性,卵径950~1100μm,油球径200~225μm.在水温20.5~22.0℃,盐度33条件下培育,受精后1 h 20 min 进入卵裂期,6 h 10 min 进入囊胚期,11 h 20 min 进入原肠胚期,19 h 10 min 发育到胚孔封闭期,胚体形成,26 h 50 min 尾芽出现,33 h 35 min心跳开始,48 h 10 min 开始孵化出仔鱼.初孵仔鱼平均全长2.59 mm±0.02 mm,在培育水温为17.0~21.0℃,盐度24~34条件下,胚后发育时序为:1日龄~9日龄为仔鱼前期,10日龄平均全长5.52 mm±0.05 mm,卵黄囊和油球完全吸收进入仔鱼后期;40日龄平均全长20.82 mm±0.67 mm,各鳍鳍条发育形成进入稚鱼期;65日龄平均全长41.13 mm±0.88 mm,全身鳞被完整进入幼鱼早期 相似文献
10.
毛嵌线螺的研究Ⅰ.繁殖及幼虫发生特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
毛嵌线螺(Cymatium pileare)的繁殖过程包括交配、产卵、孵育及幼虫从卵囊中游出等4个阶段。交配一般在产卵前10～15d进行,产卵后母体并不离开卵群,而是持续静伏在卵群的开口上进行孵育,直至其中的幼虫离开卵囊。温度和盐度对毛嵌线螺受精卵的发育有重要影响,在22～30℃的适宜温度区域内,将受精卵孵育成能自由生活的晚期面盘幼虫需438日度左右的总积温。毛嵌线螺受精卵的发育与其他前鳃类腹足动物相似,包括卵裂、囊胚期、原肠期及面盘幼虫期4个阶段。 相似文献
11.
广西白龙半岛邻近海域污损生物群落结构分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2011年12月-2012年11月,在广西白龙半岛邻近海域进行周年污损生物挂板试验,共记录到污损生物60种,以亚热带暖水种为主,其中优势种类有河蜾蠃蜚Corophium acherusicum、钩虾Gammarus sp.、网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus、翡翠贻贝Perna viridis、华美盘管虫Hydroides elegans、太平洋侧花海葵Anthopleura nigrescens、冠瘤海鞘Styela canopus、凸壳肌蛤Musculus senhousia和多齿围沙蚕Perinereis nuntia。全年均有生物附着,四季平均附着密度和附着湿质量分别为45 136个/m2和4 246.03g/m2,其中以秋季附着密度最高,达到153 514个/m2,春季附着湿质量最大,为9 418.42g/m2。污损生物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)均以夏季最高,冬季最低。丰度/生物量比较法结果表明,冬季、秋季、下半年和周年板上的污损生物群落结构不够稳定。 相似文献
12.
厦门皱瘤海鞘性腺发育的组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
皱瘤海鞘雌性同体。性腺组织学观察结果表明，在厦门皱瘤海鞘卵巢和精巢发育和成熟可分为５人时期，在同一人体中，卵巢和精巢的发育不同步，因而不发生自体受精，另外，根据性腺发育的季节性观察，皱瘤海鞘常年都可繁殖，但生殖旺季在６月。 相似文献
13.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):247-251
1999年5～6月对大西洋浪蛤进行人工繁殖试 验。结果表明,大西洋浪蛤一年能达到性成熟,一个繁殖季节产卵一次,卵为球形,卵径为 50～60μm;在23℃左右水温下,受精卵经16～20h发育成D形幼虫,幼虫浮游期为16～20d; 壳长260～290μm时为附着变态阶段。幼虫培育盐度要求在16以上。 相似文献
14.
运用免疫组织化学和化学发光免疫分析方法研究了皱瘤海鞘(Styela plicata)神经递质多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其受体以及性类固醇激素含量与性腺发育成熟的关系.结果显示,DA和5-HT免疫活性定位在脑神经节中大小2种类型的神经细胞,DA免疫活性还定位在不同发育时期神经腺上皮细胞.5-HT受体免疫活性存在于脑神经节小型神经细胞和大生长期神经腺上皮细胞.在小生长期和大生长期性腺中均检测到DA、5-HT及其受体,提示DA和5-HT可能参与调节皱瘤海鞘的性腺发育.皱瘤海鞘为雌雄同体,化学发光免疫分析证实,海鞘性腺能够合成和分泌性类固醇激素,大生长期性腺中雄激素、孕激素和雌激素的含量分别为25.8±0.0、38.9±0.2和14.3±0.6pg/mg,提示性腺既是生殖组织也是内分泌组织.上述发现为证明尾索类海鞘可能像头索类文昌鱼一样,具有原始的生殖内分泌调控轴(脑神经节-神经腺-性腺)提供科学依据. 相似文献
15.
Surveys were conducted in four seasons in the eastern Beibu Gulf from July 2006 to November 2007,to determine the ichthyoplankton composition,abundance,as well as environmental factors impacted on their spatiotemporal distributions.The fish eggs and larvae were sorted from 303 zooplankton quantitative samples,in which at least 1 order,60 families,31 genera and 61 species of fish eggs and larvae were identified.The species number was highest in summer whereas lowest in winter.With the most abundant fish egg (the average density was 2.41 ind./m 3),spring was the main spawning season,while the greatest mean density of fish larva was 1.35 ind./m 3 in summer.In the whole year around,fish eggs had the trends to aggregate in the nearshore of Guangxi coast,fish larvae were more abundant in the northern water.Relationships between fish eggs and larvae abundance and environmental factors were analyzed by using the Yield-Density model.The spatiotemporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf was closely related to the Chl a concentration,and the optimal temperature,salinity and Chl a were 19.4-21.7 C,31.8-33.1 and 1.5-4.8 mg/m 3,respectively.Additionally,the distribution of fish larvae could be effected by ocean currents in summer and autumn. 相似文献
16.
Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
17.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):239-246
In 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2011, distinct Oegopsida squid egg masses were observed by scuba divers on the narrow southern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) shelf in depths of 35–50 m off the coastal resorts of Park Rynie, Pumula and Port Edward, South Africa. In 2006, larvae in the egg balloons were sampled. DNA barcoding (i.e. cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequencing) linked the larvae to the genus Lycoteuthis, a group commonly found on the continental slope of the Agulhas Bank and the west coast of South Africa. In all cases, the sightings were concomitant with low water temperatures of 14–18 °C, indicative of shelf edge upwelling. Historical ship-collected CTD data show these cooler waters to originate from a depth of 100–180 m on the KZN continental slope. Complementary satellite imagery revealed the cooler water and discoveries of the egg balloons to be coincident with cold core cyclonic eddies embedded in the shoreward boundary of the Agulhas Current. The temperature data suggest that these egg balloons, in the absence of cyclonic eddy activity, would normally be found in the current on a density surface at a depth of ～130 m where velocities are typically around 100 cm s–1. 相似文献
18.
1Introduction Thephytoplanktonistheprimaryproducerofor- ganicsubstancesintheoceanandplaysanimportant roleinthesubstancecycleandenergyconversionof marineecosystem.Chlorophyllaconcentration(Chla) isanimportantindexmanifestingthelightenergy-au- totrophicbiomassinthesea.Primaryproductivityre- flectstheabilitytoconvertinorganiccarbonintoor- ganiccarbonbythephytoplanktonintheocean.Both Chlaandprimaryproductivityaretheimportantcon-tentsbeingstudiedinthemarineecosystemaswellas theimportantfoundationa… 相似文献
19.
We exposed sexually maturing male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to BDE-47 (a polybrominated diphenyl ether) and female rainbow trout to trenbolone (an anabolic steroid). Male trout were orally exposed for 17 days to 55 microg/kg/day BDE-47 and female trout continuously exposed for 60-77 days to a measured trenbolone water concentration of 35 ng/L. After the exposure, eggs and semen were collected and in vitro fertilization trials performed using a sperm:egg ratio of 300,000:1. In the BDE-47 study, eggs from control females were fertilized with semen from exposed males, while in the trenbolone study, eggs from exposed females were fertilized with semen from control males. All treatments were evaluated at two-three early developmental time-points representing first cleavage (0.5 day), embryonic keel (9 days), and eyed stages (19 days), respectively. The results indicated that BDE-47 exposure did not alter fertility as embryonic survival was similar between control and exposed groups. Trenbolone exposure also did not alter embryo survival. However, in the embryos fertilized with eggs from trenbolone exposed females, a noticeable delay in developmental progress was observed. On day 19 when eye development is normally complete, the majority of the embryos either lacked eyes or displayed under-developed eyes, in contrast to control embryos. This finding suggests steroidal androgen exposure in sexually maturing female rainbow trout can impact developmental timing of F1 offspring. 相似文献
20.
黑鲷视觉发育与摄食的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文研究了黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）仔、稚、幼鱼的视网膜结构和视觉与摄食的关系。初孵的黑鲷仔鱼眼睛没有色素，晶体和视网膜均未分化。孵化后6h的视网膜和晶体分成两层。30h的视网膜上皮层分化出来，60h后分层完毕，共10层。73h视神经形成并功能化。4d的仔鱼开口摄食。24d的稚鱼开始出现视网膜运动反应，36d变态后的幼鱼该反应更加明显。视觉是仔鱼开口摄食的第一种感觉，开口后随视觉器官的完善摄能力逐渐增强，摄食成功率也明显提高。 相似文献