共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
气候变化对小麦生产影响的数值模型研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在未来气候变化对作物影响的研究基础上,分析未来不同气候情景对南京地区小麦生长发育、产量形成的影响,并考虑了紫外辐射变化的影响。采用数值模拟方法具体估算了温度升高、降水变化、ＣＯ２ 浓度上升及紫外辐射增强对南京地区小麦产量的影响。计算结果表明：未来ＣＯ２ 增加可提高小麦产量,气温升高、降水变化及紫外辐射增强均使得小麦产量有所降低。 相似文献
2.
本文分析了黄淮海地区小麦生育期内不同时段的温度、降水与产量的关系,分别得到了不同类型的偏回归系数曲线。在此基础上,进行了不同季节温度升高对小麦产量的影响及温度、降水同时变化综合影响的模拟试验。结果表明,各地不同季节气候变暖对小麦产量的影响不同:北部、中部地区秋季、冬季变暖将导致增产,春季减产;而南部地区则秋季、春季将减产,冬季增产(河南南部略有不同)。降水量变化对各地各季气候变暖产量效应的迭加作用不同:北部、中部地区秋、冬季降水有利于增产,春季降水对减产略起缓解作用;南方各季降水过多均对小麦不利。总的说来,大部分地区若小麦生育期内气候变暖变湿,将有利于增产,但南部地区降水过多有不容忽视的负作用。 相似文献
3.
区域气候模式对温室效应引起的中国地区气候变化的数值模拟 总被引：93，自引：9，他引：93
利用基于 ＲｅｇＣＭ２的区域气候模式并单向嵌套澳大利亚 ＣＳＩＲＯ Ｒ２１Ｌ９全球海－气耦合模式，进行了温室气体二氧化碳浓度倍增对中国气候变化影响的数值试验研究。控制试验结果表明：区域模式由于具有较高的分辨率，因而对中国区域地面气温和降水的模拟效果较全球模式有了较大提高；模式对 ２×ＣＯ２敏感性试验结果表明了在 ＣＯ２浓度倍增情况下，由于温室效应，中国区域的地面气温将有明显升高，降水也将呈增加趋势。 相似文献
4.
用IAP/LASG GOALS模式模拟CO_2增加引起的东亚地区气候变化(英文) 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用一个全球耦合的海洋──大气──陆地系统模式（ＩＡＰ／ ＬＡＳＧ ＧＯＡＬＳ）研究因 ＣＯ２增加引起的全球增暖,重点是讨论东亚地区气候变化。完成了两个试验,一个是ＣＯ２含量保持不变的对照试验,一个是ＣＯ２浓度按每年１０％增加的扰动试验。结果表明,在对照试验中没有出现气候漂移,在ＣＯ２含量加倍时全球平均地面气温将增加１．６５℃。ＧＯＡＬＳ模式能较好模拟观测的东亚温度和降水的空间分体和年循环,但模拟的年平均温度略偏低、年降水稍偏大。在ＣＯ２含量加倍时,东亚地区温度和降水将分别增加２．１℃和５％,最大增温出现在中纬度大陆上,最大的降水增加出现在２５°Ｎ附近。 相似文献
5.
6.
文章采用春大豆生产潜力的宏观动态模拟模型，对山东省鲁南地区春大豆的生产潜力进行估算，并分析了在未来气候条件下，大豆生产力的变化情况，文章除了考虑温度、降水、ＣＯ２等因子之外，还考虑了紫外线对大豆生长，发育及产量的影响。综合研究状况表明，在未来气候条件下，山东省鲁南地区春大豆的生产潜力有下降趋势。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原卫星观测地表温度的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用 ＩＳＣＣＰ－Ｃ２卫星观测地表温度资料，使用 ＥＯＦ方法分析了青藏高原地区地表温度的空间分布和时间变化特征，讨论了地表温度变化对气候变化如季风和降水的影响和响应。根据地表温度的相关性讨论了青藏高原地区的气候区划，并据此划分了３个气候区。 相似文献
8.
水热变化对冬小麦生长发育的模拟试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用CERES小麦模式,在假定水热条件变化(日平均温度变化-1℃,0℃,1℃和2℃,日降水量变化±20％,±10％,±5％和0％,共28种组合)的气候情景下,模拟了小麦的生育过程。结果表明,对于试验点镇江来说,温度变化比水分变化对小麦的影响更显著;温度升高,发育加快,生育期缩短;水热变化对籽粒产量的影响多数为不利,特别在温度降低、水分减少时更为明显;温度升高、降水减少均可使土壤有效水分减少。 相似文献
9.
利用随机天气模型, 将气候模式对大气中CO2倍增时预测的气候情景与CERES-小麦模式相连接, 研究了气候变化对我国冬小麦和春小麦生产的可能影响.结果表明, 气候变化后小麦发育将加快, 生育期缩短, 冬小麦平均缩短7.3天, 春小麦平均缩短10.5天, 春小麦生育期缩短的绝对数和相对数均大于冬小麦.籽粒产量呈下降趋势, 冬小麦平均减产7%~8%, 雨养条件下比水分适宜时减产幅度略大.春小麦的减产幅度大于冬小麦, 水分适宜时平均减产17.7%, 雨养时平均减产31.4%. 相似文献
10.
11.
Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Productivity of Corn and Winter Wheat in Their Primary United States Growing Regions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 °C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 °C and no CO2 fertilization effect; the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing production by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0°C marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels. 相似文献
12.
Precipitation extremes in a karst region: a case study in the Guizhou province, southwest China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Qiang Zhang Chong-Yu Xu Zengxin Zhang Xi Chen Zhaoqing Han 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,99(1-2):53-65
The topography of hilly landscapes modifies crop environment changing the fluxes of water and energy, increasing risk in these vulnerable agriculture systems, which could become more accentuated under climate change (drought, increased variability of rainfall). In order to quantify how wheat production in hilly terrain will be affected by future climate, a newly developed and calibrated micro-meteorological model for hilly terrain was linked to a crop growth simulation model to analyse impact scenarios for different European regions. Distributions of yield and growing length of rainfed winter wheat and durum wheat were generated as probabilistic indices from baseline and low (B2) and high (A2) emission climate scenarios provided from the Hadley Centre Regional Climate Model (HadRM3). We used site-specific terrain parameters for two sample catchments in Europe, ranging from humid temperate (southeast UK) to semi-arid Mediterranean (southern Italy). Results for baseline scenario show that UK winter wheat is mainly affected by annual differences in precipitation and yield distributions do not change with terrain, whilst in the southern Mediterranean climate yield variability is significantly related to a slope × elevation index. For future climate, our simulations confirm earlier predictions of yield increase in the UK, even under the high emission scenario. In the southern Mediterranean, yield reduction is significantly related to slope × elevation index increasing crop failure in drier elevated spots but not in wet years under baseline weather. In scenarios for the future, the likelihood of crop failure rises sharply to more than 60%, and even in wet years, yields are likely to decrease in elevated spots. 相似文献
13.
利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式预估2001-2050年长江流域不同排放情景（SRES-A2,A1B,B1）下径流深的变化,分析了长江流域地表水资源量的时空变化特征。结果表明：3种排放情景下长江流域多年平均地表水资源量相差不大,但不同排放情景下年际变化特征较为复杂,且变化趋势有所不同。其中,A2高排放情景下地表水资源量呈缓慢减小的趋势,A1B中等排放情景下变化趋势不明显,B1低排放情景下呈相对最为显著的增加趋势。地表水资源量年代际变化波动幅度也较大,2001-2030年3种情景下地表水资源量总体呈现下降特征,但从2030年起,则均表现出不同程度的增加,最高增幅达7.47%,其中尤以夏季和冬季增加显著。模式预估长江流域未来水资源量仍保持目前水平,水资源空间分布不均匀特征仍较为突出。 相似文献
14.
2050年前长江流域地表水资源变化趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式预估2001-2050年长江流域不同排放情景（SRES-A2,A1B,B1）下径流深的变化,分析了长江流域地表水资源量的时空变化特征。结果表明：3种排放情景下长江流域多年平均地表水资源量相差不大,但不同排放情景下年际变化特征较为复杂,且变化趋势有所不同。其中,A2高排放情景下地表水资源量呈缓慢减小的趋势,A1B中等排放情景下变化趋势不明显,B1低排放情景下呈相对最为显著的增加趋势。地表水资源量年代际变化波动幅度也较大,2001-2030年3种情景下地表水资源量总体呈现下降特征,但从2030年起,则均表现出不同程度的增加,最高增幅达7.47%,其中尤以夏季和冬季增加显著。模式预估长江流域未来水资源量仍保持目前水平,水资源空间分布不均匀特征仍较为突出。 相似文献
15.
Winter wheat is one of China’s most important staple food crops, and its production is strongly influenced by weather, especially droughts. As a result, the impact of drought on the production of winter wheat is associated with the food security of China. Simulations of future climate for scenarios A2 and A1B provided by GFDL-CM2, MPI_ECHAM5, MRI_CGCM2, NCAR_CCSM3, and UKMO_HADCM3 during 2001-2100 are used to project the influence of drought on winter wheat yields in North China. Winter wheat yields are simulated using the crop model WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies). Future changes in temperature and precipitation are analyzed. Temperature is projected to increase by 3.9-5.5 for scenario A2 and by 2.9-5.1 for scenario A1B, with fairly large interannual variability. Mean precipitation during the growing season is projected to increase by 16.7 and 8.6 mm (10 yr)-1 , with spring precipitation increasing by 9.3 and 4.8 mm (10 yr)-1 from 2012-2100 for scenarios A2 and A1B, respectively. For the next 10-30 years (2012-2040), neither the growing season precipitation nor the spring precipitation over North China is projected to increase by either scenario. Assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices, the influence of drought induced by short rain on winter wheat yields in North China is simulated using the WOFOST crop model. The drought index is projected to decrease by 9.7% according to scenario A2 and by 10.3% according to scenario A1B during 2012-2100. This indicates that the drought influence on winter wheat yields may be relieved over that period by projected increases in rain and temperature as well as changes in the growth stage of winter wheat. However, drought may be more severe in the near future, as indicated by the results for the next 10-30 years. 相似文献
16.
William E. Easterling III Pierre R. Crosson Norman J. Rosenberg Mary S. McKenney Laura A. Katz Kathleen M. Lemon 《Climatic change》1993,24(1-2):23-61
The climate of the 1930s was used as an analog of the climate that might occur in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas (the MINK region) as a consequence of global warming. The analog climate was imposed on the agriculture of the region under technological and economic conditions prevailing in 1984/87 and again under a scenario of conditions that might prevail in 2030. The EPIC model of Williamset al. (1984), modified to allow consideration of the yield enhancing effects of CO2 enrichment, was used to evaluate the impacts of the analog climate on the productivity and water use of some 50 representative farm enterprises. Before farm level adjustments and adaptations to the changed climate, and absent CO2 enrichment (from 350 to 450 ppm), production of corn, sorghum and soybeans was depressed by the analog climate in about the same percent under both current and 2030 conditions. Production of dryland wheat was unaffected. Irrigated wheat production actually increased. Farm level adjustments using low-cost currently available technologies, combined with CO2 enrichment, eliminated about 80% of the negative impact of the analog climate on 1984/87 baseline crop production. The same farm level adjustments, plus new technologies developed in response to the analog climate, when combined with CO2 enrichment, converted the negative impact on 2030 crop production to a small increase. The analog climate would have little direct effect on animal production in MINK. The effect, if any, would be by way of the impact on production of feed-grains and soybeans. Since this impact would be small after on-farm adjustments and CO2 enrichment, animal production in MINK would be little affected by the analog climate. 相似文献
17.
Climate changes, associated with accumulation of greenhouse gases, are expected to have a profound influence on agricultural
sustainability in Israel, a semi-arid area characterized by a cold wet winter and a dry warm summer. Accordingly this study
explored economic aspects of agricultural production under projected climate-change scenarios by the “production function”
approach, as applied to two representative crops: wheat, as the major crop grown in Israel’s dry southern region, and cotton,
representing the more humid climate in the north. Adjusting outputs of the global climate model HadCM3 to the specific research
locations, we generated projections for 2070–2100 temperatures and precipitations for two climate change scenarios. Results
for wheat vary among climate scenarios; net revenues become negative under the severe scenario (change from −145 to −273%),
but may increase under the moderate one (−43 to +35%), depending on nitrogen applied to the crop. Distribution of rain events
was found to play a major role in determining yields. By contrast, under both scenarios cotton experiences a considerable
decrease in yield with significant economic losses (−240 and −173% in A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively). Additional irrigation
and nitrogen may reduce farming losses, unlike changes in seeding dates. 相似文献
18.
Impacts of climate change on crop evapotranspiration with ensemble GCM projections in the North China Plain 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
As one of the key grain-producing regions in China, the agricultural system in the North China Plain (NCP) is vulnerable to climate change due to its limited water resources and strong dependence on irrigation for crop production. Exploring the impacts of climate change on crop evapotranspiration (ET) is of importance for water management and agricultural sustainability. The VIP (Vegetation Interface Processes) process-based ecosystem model and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) modeling system are applied to quantify ET responses of a wheat-maize cropping system to climate change. The ensemble projections of six General Circulation Models (GCMs) under the B2 and A2 scenarios in the 2050s over the NCP are used to account for the uncertainty of the projections. The thermal time requirements (TTR) of crops are assumed to remain constant under air warming conditions. It is found that in this case the length of the crop growth period will be shortened, which will result in the reduction of crop water consumption and possible crop productivity loss. Spatially, the changes of ET during the growth periods (ETg) for wheat range from ?7 to 0 % with the average being ?1.5?±?1.2 % under the B2 scenario, and from ?8 to 2 % with the average being ?2.7?±?1.3 % under the A2 scenario/consistently, changes of ETg for maize are from ?10 to 8 %, with the average being ?0.4?±?4.9 %, under the B2 scenario and from ?8 to 8 %, with the average being ?1.2?±?4.1 %, under the A2 scenario. Numerical analysis is also done on the condition that the length of the crop growth periods remains stable under the warming condition via breeding new crop varieties. In this case, TTR will be higher and the crop water requirements will increase, with the enhancement of the productivity. It is suggested that the options for adaptation to climate change include no action and accepting crop loss associated with the reduction in ETg, or breeding new cultivars that would maintain or increase crop productivity and result in an increase in ETg. In the latter case, attention should be paid to developing improved water conservation techniques to help compensate for the increased ETg. 相似文献
19.
Bhawan Singh Mustapha El Maayar Pierre André Christopher R. Bryant Jean-Pierre Thouez 《Climatic change》1998,38(1):51-86
The present study involves using the Canadian Climate Centre (CCC) climate change scenario to evaluate the impacts of a CO2-induced climate change on agriculture in Québec and vicinity. Climate change using the CCC General Circulation Model (GCM) data are fed into a crop model (FAO) so as to gauge the changes in agroclimatic factors such as growing season length and growing degree days, and subsequently potential yield changes for a variety of cereal (C3 and C4), leguminous, oleaginous, vegetable and special crops, for twelve major agricultural regions in southern Québec. Our results show that depending upon the agricultural zone and crop type, yields may increase (ex. corn and sorghum by 20%) or decrease (ex. wheat and soybean by 20 to 30%). Also, these crop yield changes appear to be related to acceleration in maturation rates, mainly to change in moisture stress and to shifts in optimal thermal growth conditions. These possible shifts in agricultural production potentials would solicit the formulation of appropriate adaptation strategies. 相似文献
20.
First-order impacts on winter and summer crops assessed with various high-resolution climate models in the Iberian Peninsula 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
María Inés Mínguez Margarita Ruiz-Ramos Carlos H. Díaz-Ambrona Miguel Quemada Federico Sau 《Climatic change》2007,81(1):343-355
The first-order or initial agricultural impacts of climate change in the Iberian Peninsula were evaluated by linking crop simulation models to several high-resolution climate models (RCMs). The RCMs provided the daily weather data for control, and the A2 and B2 IPCC scenarios. All RCMs used boundary conditions from the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) HadAM3 while two were also bounded to two other AGCMs. The analyses were standardised to control the sources of variation and uncertainties that were added in the process. Climatic impacts on wheat and maize of climate were derived from the A2 scenario generated by RCMs bounded to HadAM3. Some results derived from B2 scenarios are included for comparisons together with impacts derived from RCMs using different boundary conditions. Crop models were used as impact models and yield was used as an indicator that summarised the effects of climate to quantify initial impacts and differentiate among regions. Comparison among RCMs was made through the choice of different crop management options. All RCM-crop model combinations detected crop failures for winter wheat in the South under control and future scenarios, and projected yield increases for spring wheat in northern and high altitude areas. Although projected impacts differed among RCMs, similar trends emerged for relative yields for some regions. RCM-crop model outputs compared favourably to others using European Re-Analysis data (ERA-15), establishing the feasibility of using direct daily outputs from RCM for impact analysis. Uncertainties were quantified as the standard deviation of the mean obtained for all RCMs in each location and differed greatly between winter (wheat) and summer (maize) seasons, being smaller in the latter. 相似文献