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1.
分析了四川冕宁大型稀土矿床硫同位素组成.结果显示成矿期脉石矿物重晶石与矿化期后硫化物(黄铁矿和方铅矿)的硫同位素组成明显不同,前者富集34S,其δ34S为 1.8‰～ 6.7‰,后者富集32S,其δ34S在-10.9‰～-2.1‰之间,表明本区成矿流体中的硫和矿化期后富含硫化物流体中的硫具有不同的来源.矿区各种类型矿石中的重晶石均普遍遭受过风化作用,且δ34S随风化作用的增强而增加,暗示物理分馏效应是本区重晶石硫同位素组成差异的主要原因,重晶石风化过程实际上是一个贫32S、富34S过程,未风化重晶石的δ34S与典型幔源硫的δ34S(0‰左右)相近,成矿流体中硫主要来源于地幔.矿石中重晶石风化作用过程中被淋滤的32S可能是矿化期后富含硫化物流体中的硫的重要来源,但有待深入研究. 相似文献
2.
云南兰坪-思茅盆地脉状铜矿床铅、硫同位素地球化学与成矿物质来源研究 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
云南兰坪-思茅盆地中一新生代砂页岩中赋存有许多脉状铜矿床。本文对盆地内从北至南三个典型脉状铜矿床(金满、水泄和白龙厂)进行了详细的铅、硫同位素研究，探讨了该类型矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明。该类型矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小，且均位于上地壳铅演化线附近，说明成矿流体中铅具有稳定的上地壳来源。各矿床由于赋矿层位不同，矿石铅同位素组成表现出一定差异，如由兰坪盆地侏罗纪地层中的金满矿床到思茅盆地二叠纪地层中的白龙厂矿床，铅同位素比值(^207Pb/^204Pb)呈增高趋势，这表明这类矿床的铅主要来源于围岩地层，且地层越老，提供的铅就相对富含放射成因铅。矿床中脉石矿物重晶石、铁白云石等的锶同位素组成也表明，金满矿床成矿流体的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较高(0．70874—0．71232)，而白龙厂矿床的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较低(0．70829—0．70938)，接近于围岩灰岩的值(0．70755)。硫同位素研究表明，金满矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最大，为-20．5‰- 7．0‰。水泄矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最小，为-0．1‰- 4．2‰。而白龙厂矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值为-14．3‰--3．6‰。水泄和白龙厂矿床中重晶石的δ^34S值分别为 12．3‰- 19．0‰和 13．1‰，它们与盆地中蒸发岩层中石膏的δ^34S值( 10．8‰- 15．7‰)相近。分析表明，兰坪-思茅盆地中脉状铜矿的硫源主要来源于盆地热卤水萃取的地层中蒸发岩硫酸盐，它们通过有机质的热分解反应还原为沉淀硫化物所必需的低价硫。各矿床独特的硫同位素组成还表明它们的硫源受局部地层硫源和成矿流体物理化学性质所控制。本文提出大气降水起源的盆地热卤水通过对围岩中新生代地层的淋滤和萃取，获得了成矿所需的金属和硫，并在构造薄弱部位沉淀形成了本区的脉状铜矿床。 相似文献
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江苏观山高硫型铜铅金矿床稳定同位素地球化学和成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江苏观山铜铅金矿是典型的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。本文通过对观山铜铅金矿床氢、氧、碳、硫同位素组成的研究,探讨成矿溶液中水、碳、硫的来源以及成矿溶液的演化。同位素测定显示石英流体包裹体水的δD=-90‰～-70‰,δ18O水=-8.9‰～-1.1‰;热液方解石流体包裹体水的δD=-90‰～-81‰,δ18O水=0.1‰～2.3‰。氢氧同位素组成说明成矿流体主要为与围岩进行过水岩反应的循环大气降水,不排除有少量岩浆水的加入。黄铁矿与黄铜矿矿石的δ34SV-CDT=5.8‰～9.9‰,平均值为7.6‰,表明该矿成矿过程中的S很可能是沉积岩来源的硫与岩浆岩来源硫的混合。矿床中可见较多的重晶石等硫酸盐矿物,这种高价态硫的矿物的存在显示其成矿溶液具有富集34S的特征,加上成矿过程中流体的沸腾导致H2S等气体大量逸出和残余岩浆流体富集34S,使得沉淀的黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物同样具有富集34S的特征;热液方解石碳同位素δ13C方解石=-4.1‰～6.1‰,平均为δ13C方解石=1.3‰,显示其中的C主要来源于流体对流循环过程中对基底岩石中碳酸盐地层的溶解。 相似文献
4.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6)
为探讨会泽铅锌矿田成矿流体总硫同位素组成、成矿温度、硫源及还原硫的形成机制,在分析前人的硫同位素数据基础上对麒麟厂矿床上部原生矿体硫化物(黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿)及麒麟厂和矿山厂矿床外围新发现的硫酸盐矿物(重晶石)进行了硫同位素研究。结果显示,原生矿体中的硫化物的δ34S变化为8.0‰~17.68‰,成矿流体中硫同位素已达分馏平衡;矿床外围的硫酸盐δ34S变化为17.95‰~24.30‰。利用共生矿物对Pinckney法,估算获得成矿流体的δ34SΣS为14.44‰,与海相硫酸盐的δ34S相近;通过同位素地质温度计,估算获得成矿温度为134~388℃;包裹体测温发现,重晶石为热液成因,暗示成矿流体中的硫可能来自矿区及矿区外围各个地层的海相硫酸盐或是矿区发现的热液重晶石。硫酸盐的还原机制应为热化学还原作用(TSR)。 相似文献
5.
云南金沙厂铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
金沙厂铅锌矿床位于云南省东北部,川-滇-黔铅锌成矿域的西北部,矿体主要赋存于下寒武统和上震旦统的碳酸盐地层中。该矿床的主要矿石矿物是闪锌矿和方铅矿,主要脉石矿物是重晶石、萤石和石英。闪锌矿的δ34S值分布于3.9‰～11.2‰之间,平均为5.7‰;方铅矿的δ34S值在6.0‰～9.0‰之间,平均为7.1‰;两个重晶石的δ34S值分别为34.8‰和34.5‰。重晶石的δ34S值与下寒武地层硫酸盐的一致,排除其他可能来源,认为重晶石的硫来源于下寒武统地层。硫化物的硫不可能来自细菌硫酸盐还原作用,因为流体包裹体均一温度远高于细菌的存活温度。硫酸盐热化学还原作用产生的同位素分馏至多为20‰,由此可知下寒武统地层中硫酸盐发生热化学还原作用产生的还原硫δ34S值至少应为14‰,这个值远高于该矿床硫化物δ34S值,因此这种机制不是还原硫的唯一来源。矿区周围广泛分布玄武岩,并且与岩浆有关的硫化物δ34S值比较低,所以硫化物中的硫可能来自岩浆活动。在方铅矿和闪锌矿共生的样品中,闪锌矿的δ34S值大于方铅矿的δ34S值,说明成矿流体的硫同位素局部达到平衡。利用矿物对硫同位素组成计算的硫化物平衡温度与流体包裹体均一温度一致。 相似文献
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对湖南柏坊铜矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行矿物包裹体、碳、氧、氢和硫同位素测定,获得成矿均一温度约为182℃～192℃,盐度为1．2～4．7wt％。方解石的δ^13C为-2．0‰～3．1‰,δ^18Osmow为12．6‰～20．9‰,δD为-67．3‰～-131．6‰,氢、氧和碳同位素数值随矿体浅部到深部由小到大的变化,显示出热液可能是多来源的。硫化物中辉铜矿的δ^34S为-31．8‰～2．9‰,黄铁矿的δ^34S为-2．1‰～＋2．9‰。黄铁矿的硫同位素组成大于辉铜矿的硫同位素组成,表明硫同位素达到平衡,并估算出δ^34S∑s为0‰,δ^34S∑s值小,指示出硫可能是岩浆来源。 相似文献
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滇西北羊拉铜矿床是"三江"成矿带金沙江成矿亚带内目前探明规模最大的铜矿床。前人分析该矿床硫化物的δ34S集中在-4.20‰~+2.60‰之间,塔式效应明显,指示成矿流体中的硫来自地幔或深部地壳。本文在成矿晚期的石英-方解石-硫化物脉型矿石中,获得一批黄铁矿的硫同位素组成,其δ34S明显低于前人的分析结果,在-40.38‰~-7.25‰之间,非塔式分布。笔者认为这种低δ34S黄铁矿的形成与成矿作用密切相关,为成矿晚期生物还原硫酸盐作用形成的富32S流体加入成矿流体,流体混合作用促使产物硫化物沉淀。本区低δ34S黄铁矿指示成矿作用晚期有有机流体加入,流体混合作用是成矿晚期石英-方解石-硫化物脉型矿石形成的重要机制。 相似文献
8.
湖南宝山Pb-Zn多金属矿床硫同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南宝山Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床规模大、矿种多、分带明显,是南岭有色金属成矿带的代表性矿床之一。本文对该矿床的硫同位素组成进行了较系统的研究,以探讨该矿床成矿物质的来源。研究表明,硫化物硫同位素组成具有δ34S黄铁矿δ34S闪锌矿δ34S方铅矿特征,说明成矿流体中硫已达到分馏平衡;矿床硫化物的硫同位素组成均为较低正值,变化范围很窄,δ34S值主要集中在1.50‰~4.50‰之间,峰值在3‰左右,明显低于研究区石炭系碳酸盐岩硫同位素δ34S值(17.8‰~22.6‰),具岩浆硫特征,暗示成矿流体中硫主要来源于燕山期花岗闪长斑岩有关的岩浆分异,地层硫贡献较少。此外,不同围岩的矿体,硫化物δ34S值基本相同,围绕花岗闪长斑岩体δ34S值没有分带现象,表明硫的来源具有一致性。因此,有理由认为,赋存于下石炭统梓门桥组白云岩、测水组砂页岩和石凳子组灰岩中的Pb-Zn多金属矿化具有相同成因联系,它们应为同一岩浆-热液系统演化的产物。 相似文献
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扬子地块北缘大型钡成矿带中硫同位素组成及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
钡以BaSO4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上分布广泛,但以BaCO3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见。在扬子地块北缘大巴山一带的早古生代硅岩建造中,发育大量层状毒重石和重晶石矿床,两类矿床在空间上表现出既共生又分离的分布规律,构成世界上极为独特的大型钡成矿带。本文研究了钡成矿带中的硫同位素组成特点,结果显示,在以毒重石矿石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较低,变化范围较小（22．1‰～37．0‰）,平均27．3‰（n=11）,基本上与寒武纪海水硫酸盐的δ^34S值（δ^34S=27～32‰）接近或略低。反映了形成重晶石的硫来自海水,并有可能经历了热化学的硫酸盐还原作用;与毒重石共生的重晶石形成与热液流体有密切关系。在以重晶石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较高,变化范围较宽（33．4‰～57．6‰）,平均43．5‰（n=31）。与寒武纪海水硫酸盐δ^34S值相比发生了大的改变,反映了与同期海水硫酸盐相关的重硫的强烈富集。这种高正值特点超过了地史中海水硫酸盐的最高值,说明重晶石的形成与生物作用密切相关。强烈的重硫富集,归因于硫酸盐还原菌的活动。 相似文献
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东升庙多金属硫化物矿床是狼山成矿带最大和最典型的铅锌多金属硫化物矿床,目前该矿床硫的来源及成矿过程仍存在争议。本文对矿区常见硫化物矿石和最重要的赋矿围岩——绢云石墨片岩中的硫化物分别进行硫同位素分析。结果显示东升庙矿床的硫化物普遍富集硫的重同位素,且矿石与围岩中的硫化物的硫同位素分布范围均较为集中。绢云石墨片岩中的黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值在+19.4‰~+23.4‰之间,具有和当时海水硫酸盐相似的硫同位素组成,指示围岩中的不规则黄铁矿是孔隙水(海水)中的硫酸盐被完全还原后形成的。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值在+28.3‰~+31.3‰之间,相比围岩中的黄铁矿明显富集硫的重同位素,指示两者具有不同的硫源。矿石中的硫可能源自基底地层中蒸发岩的溶解,由此形成的硫酸盐占主导的热液流体可萃取大量铅、锌等金属,当遇到狼山群地层中富含有机质的沉积岩时发生热化学还原反应,从而造成硫化物的大量卸载,形成金属硫化物矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献