共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
137Cs和210Pb测年的青海湖西北沉积速率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对沉积物柱样1,2的137Cs和210Pb定年分析,这两个样品137Cs最大蓄积峰值出现的年份分别为1963年和1986年。利用沉积物中137Cs蓄积峰,计算沉积物的深度沉积速率分别为0.153 1 cm·a-1、0.153 8 cm·a-1,计算出的质量堆积速率分别为0.048 4 g·a-1·cm-2、0.048 2 g·a-1·cm-2。210Pb计算出的两个柱样的沉积速率分别为0.052 0 g·a-1·cm-2,0.051 4 g·a-1·cm-2,137Cs和210Pb计算出的沉积速率,结果较为一致。由此可见,利用137Cs和210Pb综合定年,相互印证,可以消除一些偶然因素带来的定年偏差,进而较准确地计算湖泊沉积速率,这对研究青海湖近现代环境变化具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
3.
通过对乌兰泡沼泽沉积物柱芯样品进行210Pb、137Cs测年分析表明,柱芯剖面上有明显的1963年及1975年137Cs蓄积峰,这些蓄积峰对乌兰泡沼泽的现代沉积有明显的时标意义。根据210PbCRS模式,可以计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,在该沉积柱芯中与137Cs时标吻合很好。通过质量深度与年代分析,乌兰泡的沉积速率并不稳定,变化比较大,表明乌兰泡近200年来沉积环境不稳定。210Pb、137Cs两种计年方法的结合有助于认识沉积速率变化较大的沼泽的沉积状况,也有助于加深对核素计年方法的理解。 相似文献
4.
Li+,Na+,K+/Cl-,SO2-4-H2O五元体系相图对于硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水分离提取锂盐、锂辉石加工利用和锂盐产品的开发利用工艺制定都有指导作用。20世纪50年代曾有人研究过这一体系25 ℃时的相图,限于当时的科研水平,液相组成确定不准确,对平衡固相的判断,后来诸多研究结果证明也有错误。50多年来再没有人研究这一五元体系相图。利用我们提出的Li+,Na+,K+/Cl-,SO2-4-H2O六元体系热力学模型,对该五元体系的平衡溶液组成和正确的平衡固相进行理论预测,给出了该体系的完整相图。结合硫酸锂混盐分离、加工实例阐述了该五元体系相图的应用。 相似文献
5.
6.
三江平原湿地CH4、N2O的地-气交换特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用暗箱-气相色谱法对三江平原3种具有代表性的湿地类型（常年积水的毛果苔草沼泽、季节性积水的小叶章湿草甸和灌丛湿地）进行了为期两年的CH4和N2O现场同步观测。结果表明,湿地全年CH4和N2O通量有明显的季节和年际变化,与温度和土壤水分条件密切相关。在发生季节性干旱的年份,生长季（5月10月）CH4排放通量峰值出现在6月和8月,呈双峰型;而在降水充沛的年份,CH4排放通量峰值出现在6、7月份,呈单峰型。冰冻期（11月到次年4月）CH4排放通量十分的微弱,其中灌丛湿地表现为负排放。3种类型湿地N2O通量一般在非冰冻期表现为排放,呈双峰型,5月份融化期为第一个高峰期,7、8月为第二个高峰期,冰雪覆盖期表现为吸收。湿地CH4和N2O通量在春季的融冻期,存在此消彼长的现象。 相似文献
7.
利用放射性核素210pb、137Cs及241Am测年方法,确定上级湖表层沉积物的年龄、沉积速率及其变化,分析湖泊沉积速率变化与自然环境演化、人类活动(尤其是修筑堤坝等水利工程)之间的关系,为合理开发利用湖泊资源、保护生态环境提供理论依据.137Cs测年结果表明,沉积柱芯中137 Cs 1964年时标不明显,不存在1975年、1986年时标;利用241Am及210Pbex辅助计年,确定质量深度6.37 g· cm2处为1964年,至表层的平均沉积速率为0.135 g·cm-2·a-1.利用210Pbex CRS模式计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,与历史资料较吻合.210Pbex CRS计年结果显示,自1859年以来上级湖的沉积速率不稳定,以二级坝建成使用的1960年为界,划分为建坝前平均沉积速率低及建坝后沉积速率上升两个大的时段.上级湖沉积速率的变化与流域旱、涝变化及人类活动有关. 相似文献
8.
~(137)Cs示踪法土壤侵蚀量估算的本底值问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
137Cs示踪法因能快速、相对简便地估算土壤侵蚀量而在土壤侵蚀定量研究中得到广泛应用。本底值获取是137Cs示踪法的关键和基础。在具有空间异质性多因素综合作用下,本底值呈现高度的空间异质性。针对本底值空间变异性,从气候气象要素、地形、土壤属性、土地利用/覆被四个方面阐明各因素与本底值空间变异的作用机理。分析了当前137Cs示踪法应用中在本底值获取时参考点存在性及选点的准确性、单个或几个本底值对研究区本底值的代表性和参考点采样设计。提出划分侵蚀测定单元、建立多本底值体系和进行地形校正解决当前137Cs示踪法中本底值存在问题的对策。侵蚀测定计算单元的划分原则和方法、根据已有参考点的137Cs本底值推算各单元137Cs本底值的技术方法、定量化研究各因素对137Cs的作用是今后需要深入的工作。 相似文献
9.
通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ18O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ18O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ18O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ18O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ18O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。 相似文献
10.
江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
江苏海岸湿地总面积超过5000km^2，但围垦活动的加剧使盐沼湿地面积迅速减少；为了达到海岸防护、保滩促淤的目的，先后引种了大米草和互花米草。通过采集江苏王港潮滩盐沼湿地9处柱状样和挖取探槽剖面，以及对沉积剖面样品进行^210Pb和^137Cs测年分析，探讨了^210Pb的本底及影响^210Pb富集的因素，估算了王港盐沼湿地的现代沉积速率。王港潮滩盐沼沉积物对^210Pb的吸附作用较弱；受风暴潮、生物扰动、物源变化及实验误差等因素的影响，在^210Pbex剖面上出现了数据异常点，将这些数据点剔除后计算得到的沉积速率为33cm yr^-1，^137Cs测年显示，该地区1963年以来的平均沉积速率3．1cm yr^-1，与^210Pb法及前人研究结果相一致。根据一个典型剖面的^137Cs测年数据分析，王港潮滩盐沼的沉积过程根据地貌特征的不同可分3个阶段，大米草覆盖阶段滩面高程迅速增加，互花米草的生长提高了滩面淤积速率。 相似文献
11.
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xinyanggang in north Jiangsu province in August 2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of 137Cs and 210Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the 137Cs and 210Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. 137Cs and 210Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation of 137Cs and 210Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution and the vertical profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb in the upper depths. 137Cs and 210Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of 137Cs and 210Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores, sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
12.
江苏北部潮滩沉积物中~(137)Cs和~(210)pb的分布特征(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xin-yanggang in north Jiangsu province in August 2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution and the vertical profiles of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb in the upper depths. ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores, sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
13.
Reconstructing recent limnological history often relies on lead-210 dating to accurately ascribe a chronology to a sediment
profile. In Lake Okeechobee, Florida, a large, shallow subtropical lake that may experience severe mixing, multiple dating
methods are required to confirm that conformable sedimentation has been preserved and that the assumptions of the 210Pb method are satisfied. This study uses stratigraphic profiles of heavy metals, 137Cs, PCBs and pollen as independent dating markers to validate the sediment chronology as determined by 210Pb for three cores from the central mud zone of the lake. Unsupported 210Pb and most dating markers show distinct concentration/depth profiles, suggesting that the sediments have not been severely
mixed for at least the last 75 years. Onset and maximum activity of the radioisotope 137Cs in the cores coincides with the 210Pb-dated interval of 1945–1970. This agrees well with the known timing of atmospheric deposition of 137Cs that resulted from above-ground nuclear testing during late 1940s until 1963. Sediment core profiles of atmospherically
deposited metals such as Zn and Pb, which reflect regional increases during industrialization and decreases after regulation
in the 1970s, exhibit expected concentration increases and peaks coinciding within 5–15 years of the predicted 210Pb dates. Uranium, a contaminant in some phosphate fertilizers, shows large concentration increases at core depths dated to
be about 1950 by 210Pb, matching the intensification of agriculture after WWII. PCBs, which are expected to peak in the early 1970s, were measured
in one core, and the observed peak corresponds to a 210Pb date of about 1960. Pollen makers were unable to verify specific events, but increases in disturbance taxa and declines
in native types correspond generally with the expected dates assigned by 210Pb dating. Conformity between the 210Pb defined dates and independent markers of < ±15 years confirm that Lake Okeechobee sediments do preserve a sequential and
reliable stratigraphic history of the lake, useful for reconstructing past limnological conditions. 相似文献
14.
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xinyanggang in north Jiangsu province in August
2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of 137Cs and 210Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment
in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the 137Cs and 210Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological
dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. 137Cs and 210Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation
of 137Cs and 210Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution
and the vertical profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb in the upper depths. 137Cs and 210Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of 137Cs and 210Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the
different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores,
sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
15.
I. D. L. Foster T. M. Mighall H. Proffitt D. E. Walling P. N. Owens 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):881-895
We present 137Cs profiles for three low lying coastal lagoons in Southwest England that show a decline in activity with sediment depth.
137Cs inventories are lower than expected by comparison with local reference inventories despite the fact that sampling was undertaken
in the deep-water zone of each lake where sediment and 137Cs focusing would be expected. At all three locations, lake sediment 7Be and unsupported 210Pb (210Pbun) inventories are not significantly lower than the local reference inventory. 137Cs inventories in the study cores range from 38 to 95% of local reference inventories. The standing water level and mud: water
interface at two sites are below maximum tide level and, at all three sites, salinity increases significantly in the water
columns between low and high tide and in the pore waters of the underlying sediments. We suggest that the difference in hydrostatic
pressure between sea level and standing water levels in the lagoons forces salt water up through the sediment column and that
monovalent cations (especially Na+ and K+) replace 137Cs on exchange sites leading to the upward migration and loss of 137Cs. Rising sea levels may therefore contribute to remobilisation and release of 137Cs to the aquatic environment from the sediments of coastal lagoons. 相似文献
16.
A. Laissaoui M. Benmansour N. Ziad M. Ibn Majah J. M. Abril S. Mulsow 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(3):823-833
Global fallout is the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea. This work presents 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am concentrations in the water column in the southwest Alboran Sea, which was sampled in December 1999. A sediment core was
taken at 800 m depth in the area (35°47′ N, 04°48′ W). 210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs and 239+240Pu specific activities were measured at multiple depths in the core for dating purposes. 137Cs and 239+240Pu profiles did not show defined peaks that could be used as time markers, and they extended up to depths for which the 210Pb-based constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model provided inconsistent dates. These profiles can be useful to test dating
models, understood as particular solutions of a general advection–diffusion problem, if the time series of radionuclide inputs
into the sediment is provided. Thus, historical records of depth-averaged 137Cs and 239+240Pu concentrations in water, and their corresponding fluxes into the sediment, were reconstructed. A simple water-column model
was used for this purpose, involving atmospheric fallout, measured distribution coefficient (k
d) values, and a first-estimate of sedimentation rates. A dating model of constant mixing with constant sedimentation rate
was applied successfully to three independent records (unsupported 210Pb, 137Cs and 239+240Pu), and provided the objective determination of mixing parameters and mass sedimentation rate. These results provide some
insight into the fate of atmospheric inputs to this marine environment and, particularly, into the contribution from the Chernobyl
accident. 相似文献
17.
J.M. Abril 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(4):407-414
210Pb geochronologies should be validated with independent tracers such as 137Cs. In the cases with constant 210Pb activity in the topmost sediments, the presence of a distinct 137Cs peak within the 210Pb plateau has been used as a definitive demonstration of acceleration (increase in the sedimentation rate in recent years) versus fast mixing. Nevertheless, some limitations can be identified in the use of semiquantitative arguments, and a global understanding of the whole 137Cs activity profile is then required. Particularly, the incomplete mixing within the top sediment zone (described through the Incomplete Mixing Zone model) can explain quantitatively and simultaneously the 137Cs peak and the flattening in the 210Pb activity profile. This is demonstrated using selected examples from literature data. Thus, measured constant 210Pb activities in the top 6 cm of a sediment core from Lake Zürich. Nevertheless, they found 7Be only in the uppermost layer, the distinct 137Cs maximum at 6 cm depth, and undisturbed varves. The fast mixing seemed then opposed to common sense. The constant rate of supply model shows acceleration and it adequately matches the position of the 1963 137Cs peak. Nevertheless it fails to explain the whole 137Cs profile when handling time series of 137Cs atmospheric deposition. Finally, it is shown how the incomplete mixing of the activity (through the pore water) over a certain mass depth at the top sediment, with a finite value of the mixing coefficient, can quantitatively explain the whole activity versus mass depth profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb, and the presence of 7Be only in the uppermost sediment layer. A further validation of these ideas is presented from other literature data. 相似文献
18.
In this study, we combined grain size and geochemical analyses with radioisotope analysis of lead-210 (210Pb), caesium-137 (137Cs) and radiocarbon (14C) ages to reconstruct the sedimentation history of two urbanised coastal lagoons in south-east Australia. Towradgi and Fairy
Lagoons were both found to exhibit slow initial sedimentation of less than 1 mm year−1 prior to anthropogenic influences. Land clearing in the catchments increased runoff and erosion in the creeks feeding into
the estuaries, and has resulted in progradation of fluvial material into the estuarine systems with a marked increase in sedimentation
to between 2 and 7 mm year−1. The upper 20–50 cm of the sediment column in both lagoons contained elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb,
Cu, Ni and Zn. This pollution trend was found to be consistent with the history of industrialisation and urbanisation in the
region, which expanded rapidly post World War 2. The total metal concentrations were consistent with other urbanised/industrialised
estuaries around the world. Despite the fairly disturbed nature of these coastal lagoons, the use of 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C dating in combination with bulk geochemical analyses allowed detailed reconstruction of sedimentation history. 相似文献
19.
Evaluating the mobility of137Cs,239+240Pu and210Pb from their distributions in laminated lake sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Post-depositional mobility of137Cs,239+240Pu and210Pb was assessed in six small lake basins by comparing sedimentary nuclide profiles with their known fallout history. Laminae couplets, when present, were determined to be varves because the137Cs and239+240Pu 1963 fallout peaks are present in laminae couplets corresponding to years 1962–1964. There is no evidence of mobility of210Pb, because 1) mass accumulation rates based on210Pb agree with those based on137Cs and239+240Pu peak depths and with those based on varve counts, and 2)210Pb ages agree with varve ages. Significant mobility of137Cs is evident from the penetration of137Cs to depths 15–20 cm deeper than239+240Pu. Deep penetration of137Cs in spite of a sharp gradient below the peak is interpreted by a numerical model to suggest that137Cs is present in two distinct forms in these sediments, 67–82% as an immobile form and 18–33% reversibly adsorbed with a K
d
of approximately 5000. The profiles can be interpreted equally well assuming a small portionof the total137Cs was present as an extremely mobile phase (K
d
5000) in the months to years following peak fallout, slowly becoming more strongly adsorbed. High NH
4
+
concentrations in porewaters may enhance diffusion of the mobile form of137Cs, but not of the immobile form of137Cs that defines the sharp gradient. Mobility of137Cs is likely also enhanced by the low clay content and the high porosity of these sediments. Thus the first detection of137Cs in the sediments cannot automatically be assumed to correspond to a date of 1952 (initial testing of thermonuclear weapons), although the depth of the peak can be assumed to correspond to 1963 (the year of maximum fallout from testing of thermonuclear weapons).239+240Pu is a more reliable sediment chronometer than137Cs because it is significantly less mobile.This is the sixth of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20
th
anniversary of the first application of210Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P.G. Appleby is guest editing this series. 相似文献