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1.
The influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of group piles installed in sandy soil and connected together by a concrete cap is studied through finite elements analyses. The analyses focus on the five piles in the middle row of 3 × 5 pile groups. The vertical load is applied by enforcing a vertical displacement equivalent to 2% of the pile diameter through the pile cap prior to the application of the lateral loads. The results have shown that the lateral resistance of the leading pile (pile 1) does not appear to vary considerably with the vertical load. However, the vertical load leads to 23%, 36%, 64%, and 82% increase in the lateral resistance of piles 2–5, respectively. The increase in the lateral pressures in the sand deposit is the major driving factor to contribute the change in the lateral resistance of piles, depending on the position of the pile in the group. The distribution of lateral loads among piles in the group tends to be more uniform when vertical loads were considered leading to a more economical pile foundation design. 相似文献
2.
波浪、船舶等长期水平循环荷载作用下,桩基将不可避免地产生附加应力和变形。针对饱和黏土地层,开展离心模型试验研究了船舶系泊水平荷载作用下单桩和群桩的变形特性。发现水平循环加-卸载诱发了桩周土体的塑性变形,进而导致桩身产生了不可恢复的水平位移和弯曲变形。随着循环荷载的增加,单桩和群桩的桩顶最大水平位移和残余水平位移均同时增加,但残余水平位移明显小于最大水平位移。单桩的桩顶残余水平位移与最大位移比值介于0.17～0.22;群桩的桩顶残余水平位移与最大水平位移比值介于0.30～0.84。水平循环加-卸载作用下,桩身残余弯曲应变明显小于最大弯曲应变。单桩的残余弯曲应变与最大弯曲应变比值介于0.13～0.50;群桩的桩身残余弯曲应变与最大弯曲应变比值介于0.23～0.82。群桩前桩的残余和最大弯曲应变明显大于后桩,前桩与后桩的最大弯曲应变、残余应变比值分别高达3.2和3.1。因此,前桩要采取合理的加固和保护措施,以确保桩基长期服役的安全性。 相似文献
3.
横向载荷作用下刚性桩变位规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前对横向受载刚性桩的研究主要集中在其承载力方面,对变化规律研究很少。为此提出了利用刚性桩上两点位移求桩上任意一点位移、桩回转中心位置及转角的方法。通过对粉质黏土中的刚性桩进行模型试验与数值计算发现,回转中心位置随位移和载荷的增大,先是急剧下降,然后变缓,最后基本趋于稳定,而且桩埋置参数与土力学参数对回转中心位置的变化规律影响很小;而桩的转角随位移增大近似线性变化。比较发现,由试验和数值计算得到的回转中心极限位置与由极限地基反力法得到的结果相差不大 相似文献
4.
通过机场—西华高速大直径超长钻孔灌注桩大吨位竖向单桩静载试验,分析了该地区大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状以及荷载传递机理。试验结果表明:试桩的Q-S曲线呈缓变型,桩端承载力占总荷载的比例均<10%,即均表现为摩擦桩特性;试桩的侧摩阻力自上而下逐步发挥,侧摩阻力和桩端阻力异步发挥且互相耦合;大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥与土层性质、土层埋深及桩顶荷载水平有关;在高荷载作用下桩侧上部土层摩阻力具有不同程度的软化现象,而中下部土层侧摩阻力具有不同程度的强化现象,甚至即使在最大加载情况下,桩身下部土层的侧摩阻力也并未完全发挥,因此在根据规范计算超长桩承载力时,不同深度土层的侧摩阻力应乘以相应不同的修正系数。 相似文献
5.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):263-282
Vertical loads effect on the lateral response of a 3×5 pile group embedded in sand is studied through a two-dimensional finite element analysis. The soil-pile interaction in three-dimensional type is idealized in the two-dimensional analysis using soil-pile interaction springs with a hysteretic nonlinear load displacement relationship. Vertical loads inducing a vertical pile head displacement of 0.1-pile diameter increase the lateral resistance of the single pile at a 60 mm lateral deflection by 8%. Vertical loads inducing the same vertical displacement applied to a pile group spaced at 3.92-pile diameter increase the overall lateral resistance by 9%. The effect on individual piles, however, depends on the pile position. The vertical load decreases the lateral resistance of the leading pile (pile 1) by 10% and increases the lateral resistances of piles 2, 3, 4, and 5 by 9%, 14%, 17%, and 35%, respectively. Vertical loads applied to the pile group increase the confining pressures in the sand deposit confined by the piles but the rate of increase in those outside the group is relatively small, resulting in the difference in a balance of lateral soil pressures acting at the back of and in front of the individual pile. 相似文献
6.
针对松花江砂卵石地层上的钢板桩围堰进行现场模型的水平载荷试验,介绍了模型的施工及试验方法,研究了双排钢板桩通过拉杆连接这种结构在水平载荷作用下的变形特性,同时进行了单排钢板桩水平载荷试验作为对比分析;通过测量其深层水平位移及桩顶位移,分析其桩顶位移预警值为及水平荷载的影响深度;通过测量拉杆轴力,分析水平力的传递,对类似工程设计有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
7.
Mehmet Rifat Kahyaoğlu Gökhan İmançlı Gürkan Özden Arif Ş. Kayalar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(19):656
A catastrophic landslide following a rainy season occurred in the backyard of a school building in Söke, Turkey. The landslide caused property damage and adversely affected the present forest cover. Immediately after the landslide, double-row stabilizing piles were designed and constructed based on the findings of two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses to take an urgent precaution. To remedy the problem, pile displacements were monitored using inclinometers, and it was observed that the measured displacements were greater than the values calculated in the design stage. Accordingly, two different three-dimensional (3D) numerical FE models were used in tandem with the inclinometer data to determine the load transfer mechanism. In the first model, numerical analyses were made to predict the pile displacements, and while the model predicted successfully the displacement of the piles constructed in the middle with reasonable accuracy, it failed for the corner piles. In the second model, the soil load transfer between piles was determined considering the sliding mass geometry, the soil arching mechanism and the group interaction between adjacent piles. The results of the second model revealed that the middle piles with large displacements transferred their loads to the corner piles with smaller displacements. The generated soil loads, perpendicular to the sliding direction, restricted pile deformations and piles with less displacement were subjected to greater loads due to the bowl-shaped landslide. A good agreement between the computed pile displacements and inclinometer data indicates that the existing soil pressure theories should be improved considering the position of the pile in the sliding mass, the depth and deformation modulus of stationary soil, the relative movement between the soil and piles and the relative movement of adjacent piles. 相似文献
8.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):21-29
There are no appropriate theories and methods of computation yet which could quantitatively analyze the stress and strain of super-long rock-socketed bored piles and simulate the full process of pile deformation. The bearing behavior and settlement characteristics are complicated because of the construction techniques, characteristics of overlying deposit soil and rock, pile material, geometrical configuration and load in particular. In this paper, the authors introduce the case of the Tianxingzhou Bridge pile foundation, analyzed through the Centrifuge Model Test (CMT). The results indicate that, for large-diameter rock-socketed bored piles, sufficient pile–soil displacement is essential for the effect of pile lateral friction in overlying soil layers. It is also shown that the load is borne by pile lateral friction and end resistance, and that the load transfer behavior of the rock-socketed pile group foundation has similar characteristics to large-diameter rock-socketed single pile. 相似文献
9.
A simplified method of numerical analysis has been developed to estimate the deformation and load distribution of piled raft foundations subjected to vertical, lateral, and moment loads, using a hybrid model in which the flexible raft is modelled as thin plates and the piles as elastic beams and the soil is treated as springs. Both the vertical and lateral resistances of the piles as well as the raft base are incorporated into the model. Pile–soil–pile, pile–soil–raft and raft–soil–raft interactions are taken into account based on Mindlin's solutions for both vertical and lateral forces. The validity of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with several existing methods for single piles, pile groups and piled rafts. Workable design charts are given for the estimation of the lateral displacement and the load distribution of piled rafts from the stiffnesses of the raft alone and the pile group alone. Additionally, parametric studies were carried out concerning batter pile foundations. It was found that the use of batter piles can efficiently improve the deformation characteristics of pile foundations subjected to lateral loads. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
为提高桩身变形较大时纵横荷载单桩的设计计算水平,假定地基反力系数沿深度线性增加,考虑土体屈服及纵向荷载的P-?效应并计入桩身自重和桩侧摩阻力的影响,得到了地面以下桩身变形和内力的幂级数解。结合已有的地面以上桩身响应的幂级数解,采用Fortran语言编制了计算程序。计算结果表明：桩顶位移、地面处桩身位移及桩身最大弯矩均随纵横向荷载和自由段桩长的增加而增大,并随土体屈服位移的增加而减小;纵向荷载足够大时桩基失稳;桩顶约束条件对桩的响应影响很大。计算值与模型试验的实测值吻合较好,所得解和程序是可靠的。 相似文献
11.
Most analytical or semi‐analytical solutions of the problem of load‐settlement response of axially loaded piles are based on the assumption of zero radial displacement. These solutions also are only applicable to piles embedded in either a homogeneous or a Gibson soil deposit. In reality, soil deposits consist of multiple soil layers with different properties, and displacements in the radial direction within the soil deposit are not zero when the pile is loaded axially. In this paper, we present a load‐settlement analysis applicable to a pile with circular cross section installed in multilayered elastic soil that accounts for both vertical and radial soil displacements. The analysis follows from the solution of the differential equations governing the displacements of the pile–soil system obtained using variational principles. The input parameters needed for the analysis are the pile geometry and the elastic constants of the soil and pile. We compare the results from the present analysis with those of an analytical solution that considers only vertical soil displacements. The analysis presented in this paper also provides useful insights into the displacement and strain fields around axially loaded piles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Dynamic experiments were carried out on instrumented model aluminium single piles embedded in clay of different consistencies to study its bending behaviour under lateral loads. Piles with different length to diameter ratios were used. Dynamic lateral load of different magnitudes ranging from 7 to 30 N at wide range of frequencies from 2 to 50 Hz were applied. The load transferred to the pile, pile head displacement and the strain variation along the pile length were measured using a dedicated data acquisition system. Static lateral load tests were also performed to investigate the magnification of dynamic response of piles in clay. It is found that the maximum bending moment due to dynamic load is magnified by about 1.5–4 times in comparison to the static load for short piles but about 9 times for long piles. Depth of fixity and effective pile length is also largely amplified under dynamic loads, thus indicating that a pile which behaves as a flexible pile under static load, may not exhibit flexible behaviour under dynamic load. 相似文献
13.
In general, pile materials are assumed to be isotropic during the analysis of the load–deflection response of piles under lateral loads. However, commonly used materials such as reinforced concrete and timber as well as potentially promising new pile materials such as fiber reinforced polymers are typically transversely isotropic materials. Experimental studies have shown that transversely isotropic materials have a high ratio of section longitudinal modulus to the section in‐plane shear modulus (Ezz/Gxz) compared to the value for isotropic materials. The high modulus ratio leads to a more significant shear deformation effect in beam bending. To account for the shear deformation effect, the Timoshenko Beam Theory has been adopted in deriving the solutions for the load–deflection response of transversely isotropic piles under lateral loads instead of the Classical (Euler–Bernoulli) Beam Theory. The load–deflection responses depend on the shear effect coefficient, the lateral soil resistance, the embedment ratio, and the boundary conditions. The deflection of the pile, if the shear deformation effect is considered, is always larger than if it is neglected. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
为了研究软岩地基桥桩的荷载传递性状、破坏机理,并获取在该地质条件下更为可靠的桩基计算参数,对秦巴山区软岩地基3根钻孔灌注试桩进行竖向静载试验。结果表明：秦巴山区软岩地基桥桩试桩荷载沉降曲线呈陡降型,实测竖向极限承载力为20 500kN,桩的破坏方式为桩身材料强度破坏;淤泥质亚黏土地层中的碎石起到一定的骨架作用,增强了此地层桩极限侧阻力,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土（岩）相对位移为4～8mm;强风化砾岩表现为加工软化型,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土（岩）相对位移为3～8mm;中风化砂砾岩表现为明显的加工硬化型,所需的桩岩相对位移大,且桩极限侧阻力的特征点不明显;淤泥质亚黏土地层桩侧阻力占总荷载的60%～70%,随着桩顶荷载的逐步加大,该地层桩侧阻力所占比例不断下降,而嵌岩段桩侧阻力所占比例逐渐上升,达到55%～65%,嵌岩段桩侧阻力沿桩深的分布曲线表现出非线性的特征;试桩为端承摩擦桩,桩端阻力约占桩顶荷载的20%左右,且未充分发挥,在上部结构允许的沉降范围内,适当增加桩端的沉降有利于端阻力的发挥;桩侧阻力先于端阻力发挥,建议单桩承载力设计时分别采用不同的端阻力和侧阻力安全系数。 相似文献
15.
Bipin K. Gupta 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(1):10-28
ABSTRACTShort stubby piles like monopiles and large diameter drilled shafts undergo rigid body translation and rotation when subjected to a lateral force and/or a moment at the head. A method of analysis for these piles embedded in multi-layered elastic soil is developed using the variational principles of mechanics. Using this analysis, the soil resistance against pile movement can be rigorously related to the soil elastic constants, and the pile head displacement and rotation can be quickly calculated. The equilibrium equations for pile and soil displacements are obtained using the principle of virtual work and solved using an iterative algorithm. Pile responses obtained from the analysis match well with those obtained from three-dimensional finite element analyses in which the same inputs of loads, geometry, and material properties are given. Based on the new analysis, fitted equations for soil resistance parameters are developed, which can be used to directly calculate the pile head displacement and rotation without the use of the iterative algorithm. Numerical examples are provided that demonstrate how the method can be used to analyse practical problems. 相似文献
16.
大直径超长钻孔灌注桩荷载分层传递特性试验分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于＂上海市虹桥综合交通枢纽交通中心工程西交通广场＂工程现场静载荷试验和桩身应力测试结果,分析竖向荷载作用下大直径超长钻孔灌注桩在成层土中的荷载传递特性。本工程试桩已加载至破坏,对此试验结果进行分析,能为深入研究大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状提供有价值的工程参考。本次试验结果表明：1）大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩端承载力所占比例较低,荷载-沉降关系为陡降型,存在明显拐点;2）桩侧与桩端阻力非同步发挥且相互影响,而上下土层侧阻力系先后发挥至极限;3）根据试桩实测数据,土层埋深对桩周具有相似物理力学性质土层的侧摩阻力影响较大。 相似文献
17.
Static and dynamic lateral load tests were carried out on model aluminium single piles embedded in soft clay to study its
bending behaviour. Model aluminium piles with length to diameter ratios of 10, 20, 30 and 40 were used. Static lateral load
tests were conducted on piles by rope and pulley arrangement upto failure and load–deflection curves were obtained. Dynamic
lateral load tests were carried out for different magnitudes of load ranging from 7 to 30 N at wide range of frequencies from
2 to 50 Hz. The load transferred to the pile, pile head displacement and the strain variation along the pile length were measured
using a Data Acquisition System. Safe static lateral load capacity for all piles is interpreted from load–deflection curves.
Dynamic characteristics of the soil–pile system were arrived from the acquired experimental data. The soil–pile system behaves
predominantly in nonlinear fashion even at low frequency under dynamic load. The displacement amplitude under dynamic load
is magnified by 4.5–6.5 times the static deflection for all piles embedded in soft clay. But, the peak magnification factor
reduces with an increase in the magnitude of lateral load mainly because of increase of hysteretic damping at very soft consistency.
The maximum BM occurs at the fundamental frequency of the soil–pile system. Even the lower part of the pile affects the pile
head response to the inertial load applied at the pile head. The maximum dynamic BM is magnified by about 1.5 times the maximum
static BM for model piles in tested consistency of clay. The maximum dynamic BM occurs at a depth of about 1.5 times the depth
of maximum static BM for model piles, which indicates an increase of active pile length under dynamic load. 相似文献
18.
Yoon Seok Choi Jintae Lee Monica Prezzi Rodrigo Salgado 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1587-1604
Although the loads applied on piles are usually a combination of both vertical and lateral loads, very limited experimental research has been done on the response of pile groups subjected to combined loads. Due to pile–soil–pile interaction in pile groups, the response of a pile group may differ substantially from that of a single pile. This difference depends on soil state and pile spacing. This paper presents results of experiments designed to investigate pile interaction effects on the response of pile groups subjected to both axial and lateral loads. The experiments were load tests performed on model pile groups (2 × 2 pile groups) in calibration chamber sand samples. The model piles were driven into the sand samples prepared with different relative densities using a sand pluviator. The combined load tests were performed on the model pile groups subjected to different axial load levels, i.e., 0 (pure lateral loading), 25, 50, and 75% of the ultimate axial load capacity of the pile groups, defined as the load corresponding to a settlement of 10% of the model pile diameter. The combined load test results showed that the bending moment and lateral deflection at the head of the piles increased substantially for tests performed in the presence of axial loads, suggesting that the presence of axial loads on groups of piles driven in sand is detrimental to their lateral capacity. 相似文献
19.
钢管柱作为逆作法施工时的竖向承重结构,基础通常采用钻孔灌注桩,钢管柱底端嵌入桩身混凝土中,形成一柱一桩的结构体系。该体系能承受较大的竖向荷载,对桩基的承载力、垂直度和沉降要求严格。通过工程实例,针对复杂地质条件下大直径嵌岩旋挖钻孔钢管柱桩施工过程中易发生的孔壁坍塌、钻孔偏斜、孔底沉渣厚度、混凝土标高等质量问题,进行了原因分析,并提出了相应的预防和解决措施,取得了良好的效果,确保了钢管柱桩的施工质量,其经验可供类似工程参考。 相似文献
20.
Chunyang Liu Hoda Soltani Kanthasamy K. Muraleetharan Amy B. Cerato Gerald A. Miller Sri Sritharan 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(6):1431-1444
Presented in this paper are results of two centrifuge tests on single piles installed in unimproved and improved soft clay (a total of 14 piles), with the relative pile–soil stiffness values varying nearly two orders of magnitude, and subjected to cyclic lateral loading and seismic loading. This research was motivated by the need for better understanding of lateral load behavior of piles in soft clays that are improved using cement deep soil mixing (CDSM). Cyclic test results showed that improving the ground around a pile foundation using CDSM is an effective way to improve the lateral load behavior of that foundation. Depending on the extent of ground improvement, elastic lateral stiffness and ultimate resistance of a pile foundation in improved soil increased by 2–8 times and 4–5 times, respectively, from those of a pile in the unimproved soil. While maximum bending moments and shear forces within piles in unimproved soil occurred at larger depths, those in improved soil occurred at much shallower depths and within the improved zone. The seismic tests revealed that, in general, ground improvement around a pile is an effective method to reduce accelerations and dynamic lateral displacements during earthquakes, provided that the ground is improved at least to a size of 13D × 13D × 9D (length × width × depth), where D is the outside diameter of the pile, for the pile–soil systems tested in this study. The smallest ground improvement used in these tests (9D × 9D × 6D), however, proved ineffective in improving the seismic behavior of the piles. The ground improvement around a pile reduces the fundamental period of the pile–soil system, and therefore, the improved system may produce larger pile top accelerations and/or displacements than the unimproved system depending on the frequency content of the earthquake motion. 相似文献