共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
地质科学在我国农业发展中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王宝德 《河北地质学院学报》1996,19(3):399-404
面对我国人口迅速增长，要保持农业特别是粮食生长持续稳步增长，除继续加强良种培育和推广先进栽培技术外，地质科学特别是农业地质的作用不可忽视。本文着重从农业生产的地质背景、地球化学、农用矿产资源等方面介绍了地质科学在提高农作物产量和品质中的重要作用，产并对农业地质的工作阶段和工作内容进行了阐述。 相似文献
2.
河南是以农业生产为主的省份，旱涝碱等自然灾害频繁。３０年来，地矿部门为改变农业生产面貌，做了大量工作，取得了存在成果和经验，同时也取得了不少教训，随着农业经济体制的改革，水文地质工作如何适应形势发展需要，是摆在面前的一个急待解决的重要问题。因此，我们提出一些粗浅看法，与同行们商榷。 相似文献
3.
农业地质背景系统概念及其应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
农业地质背景系统这一边缘性交叉学科,是以系统论或系统科学(含系统工程技术)为理论技术方向,地学、农学、生物学及其它自然科学等渗透结合而建立的概念.它能直接服务于农、林、牧、副、渔业的发展,并应用于有效地减轻某些自然灾害作用,为大幅度提高农业产量和质量服务. 相似文献
4.
农业地质及其开发利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农业是人类基本生活资料的主要来源，是国民经济发展的基础，制约着其他产业部门发展的速度和规律。中国是农业大国，但却不是农业强国，农业地质主要研究与农业有关的岩石，地貌，地球化学，水资源等地质条件，农业地质与农业生产息息相关，并为农业生产的良好发展提供依据。 相似文献
5.
黑龙江省农业生态环境问题及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章阐述了黑龙江省农业生态环境的一系列问题。(1)区域环境污染，其中包括“三废”对地表水和地下水的污染，对农业的危害及对大气的污染；(2)水土流失在各市县均有发生；(3)西部土地沙化现象比较严重，面积达47．99hm^2，正在发展的沙化土地面积41．82万hm^2；(4)松嫩平原土地盐碱化程度高，面积已达199．73万hm^2；(5)洪涝灾害对国民经济危害极大，严重威胁农业生产；(6)近年，全省春夏持续高温，干旱土地逐年增多。文章最后论述了农业生态环境建设及地质灾害防治对策。主要包括污染治理；采取工程措施、生物措施，并通过产业结构和提高科技进步等防治水土流失、土地沙化、盐碱化；对旱涝的防治应防汛、抗旱并重；合理优化配置水资源．大力兴修水利，达到除害兴利之目的。 相似文献
6.
重庆三峡水库生态经济区农业生态环境问题与重建研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李孝坤 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(2):97-101
农业生态环境是农业可持续发展的基础。重庆三峡水库生态经济区是重庆市确立的以生态建设为重点的经济区。鉴于该区农村面积广、农业人口多、贫困面大、农村移民任务重的基本情况，决定了农业及农村在社会经济可持续发展中的重要战略地位。深入分析了重庆三峡水库生态经济区农业生态环境存在的水土流失、水环境污染、土地污染、生物多样性破坏、自然灾害频繁等主要问题及其对农业生产的影响，从因地制宜合理利用农业资源、调整农业产业结构、优化农业空间布局，大力发展生态农业，控制并治理各种工业及生活污染、推行清洁生产，控制人口增长、实施生态移民、协调人地关系，加强生态环境法制化管理、依法保护农业生态环境等方面提出了保护及建设的对策。 相似文献
7.
云南东部烤烟农业地质背景相关性研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文运用农业地质学的理论和方法，深入研究了滇东四县（陆良、路南、泸西、弥勒）烤烟生产与土壤地质背景的关系，发现稀土和钾、镁、钙、磷、铝等矿质元素以及土壤的ｐＨ值、质地、阳离子交换量等理化性状是影响烤烟内在品质的重要因子，成果得到小区试验的初步验证。 相似文献
8.
9.
农业地质是以地质理论为基础与大农业专业理论相结合以解决农业相关问题，服务于农业，以在农业生产实践中获取最大的社会和经济效益。虽然我国正在广泛开展农业地质调查获取了较多的农业地质信息，但信息利用程度低，发挥的经济效益不够理想。分析了在我国开展农业地质研究的意义及其存在的问题，并就农业地质信息在农业区划中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
中国旱灾农业承灾体脆弱性诊断与评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
旱灾是世界上影响面最广、造成农业损失最大的自然灾害类型，世界近一半的国家干旱严重。中国旱灾频繁，每年旱灾损失占各种自然灾害损失的15%以上，随着人口和农业的快速发展，农业承灾体脆弱性对灾情的放大也在增加。基于灾害系统理论，从致灾因子和耕地承灾体的区域组合角度，在旱灾频发高值区，选择雨养农业、灌溉农业和水田农业为主要承灾体类型，构建了农业旱灾脆弱性生产压力和生活压力，灾前—灾中易损性和灾中—灾后适应性等农业旱灾承灾体脆弱性诊断指标体系。提出脆弱性评价的区域模型，即：雨养农业的易损—适应模型（兴和）、灌溉农业的生产—生活压力模型（邢台）和水田农业的需水—灌水模型（鼎城）。基于农业承灾体脆弱性评价，提出制定适应降水变化的波动土地利用结构调整区域政策、建立农业生态—生产范式、建立“水银行”管理机制、建立用水效益和开源节流的评估体系以及加强“截水—抽水—控水”为一体的灌溉系统工程建设，提高灌溉应急能力等对策，以期为农业旱灾的防御和区域粮食安全决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
全球变化压力下中国东部样带植被与农业生态系统格局的可能性变化 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
在中国东部南北样带NSTEC大量实验数据的基础上 ,对热量梯度驱动下自然植被生态系统连续带的生产力变化进行模拟 ,对反映植被组成结构特征的生活型谱的变化 ,以及在全球变化平均温度可能增加的情况下 ,农业生态系统的生产格局的变化进行分析。在这一样带中 ,从南到北地带性植被有北热带季节雨林、南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、中亚热带常绿阔叶林、北亚热带常绿落叶混交林、暖温带落叶阔叶林、温带针阔叶混交林和寒温带针叶林。模拟在温度增加 1℃的情况下生产力的变化 ;由南部的北热带季节雨林和南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林增加约 1%到温带针阔叶混交林和寒温带针叶林增加约 5 %～ 6 %,显示出生产力增加强度随纬度增大具一定相关关系。植被的物种结构变化比生产力变化缓慢得多。对样带的森林植被的生活型谱进行分析 ,表明其存在着 8种主要的生活谱结构类型。在平均温度增加的情况下 ,不同生活型谱结构的生态系统分布呈现向北扩展位移的趋势。在农业生态系统的格局中 ,在平均温度增加的情况下 ,南亚热带水稻三熟将不会季节太紧而有可能进行大面积三造生产。中亚热带双季稻连作一年三熟受低温影响减少。北亚热带一年二熟季节上有保证。暖温带许多地方能有二造收成。温带和寒温带的生产面积将有较大幅度的增加。总 相似文献
12.
该文探讨了涂浦地区的农业地质地球化学背景优势特征，确认２处桃、枣和５处用材林基地地质背景优势区，为有关部门合理规划农业生产提供了依据。 相似文献
13.
土壤有机氮矿化是供应无机氮的主导过程，研究其变化对于认识土壤氮素有效性和指导氮肥施用具有重要意义。本研究分别在云南建水、蒙自和勐腊岩溶区选取脐橙地、玉米地和橡胶地作为研究对象，并以临近未受人为扰动的草地或原始林地作为对照，采用15N同位素标记方法，研究了岩溶区草地或原始林地开垦种植农作物后石灰土有机氮矿化(MNorg)速率变化，并区分了易分解有机氮矿化(MNlab)和难分解有机氮矿化(MNrec)对MNorg的贡献。结果表明，原始林地土壤MNorg (8.94 mg N?kg-1 d-1)显著高于草地(1.41~2.46 mg N?kg-1 d-1)，且均以MNlab为主。其中，草地MNlab对MNorg贡献率可达80.6%~93.1%，而在原始林地中该贡献率达到62.2%。岩溶区草地或林地开垦种植经济作物显著降低MNorg速率，其MNorg速率为0.53~0.89 mg N?kg-1 d-1，下降比例达62.5%~90.1%。这种差异主要受MNlab和MNrec影响，由草地开垦种植脐橙和玉米后土壤MNorg下降主要归于MNlab速率下降，而MNrec并未发生显著变化；原始林地开垦种植橡胶后土壤MNorg下降主要归于MNlab和MNrec速率的共同下降。岩溶区草地或原始林地开垦种植农作物后土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钙和全镁含量及土壤田间持水量、pH、阳离子交换量均显著降低，且与土壤MNorg和MNlab呈显著正相关，表明农业种植对土壤理化性质的改变是影响矿化速率的重要因素。 相似文献
14.
15.
In accordance with Senegal’s decentralisation policy, important forest management tasks, including the right to allocate charcoal production rights, have been transferred to rural councils. This paper investigates the impact of these institutional reforms on charcoal production practices using the environmental entitlement framework developed by Leach et al. [Environmental entitlements: dynamics and institutions in community-based natural resource management. World Development 27 (2) (1999) 225]. The councils have not been able to turn their new endowments into entitlements because they lack sufficient strength and legitimacy. Informal institutions, notably the coalition between merchants, state agents and village chiefs, continue to run the charcoal business and are hardly affected by decentralisation efforts. Most rural people, especially those relying solely on agriculture for sustenance, do not benefit at all from the charcoal trade. They do suffer from the environmental costs it brings with it, however. Although tensions between pro-exploitation actors and pro-conservation actors are evident, the pro-exploitation actors’ firm grip on the informal institutions will probably lead to a prolonged subversion of the laws that seek to enhance local control and to sustain the forest. 相似文献
16.
The livelihood strategies of former rubber tappers in the Amazon region are rapidly shifting from extraction of non-timber forest products to mixed systems based on agriculture and small scale cattle ranching. Using a combination of participatory methods and Geographical Information Systems, a case study in western Acre, Brazil explores how rubber tapper livelihood strategies may be changing, and the implications of these changes for land use and forest cover. Field (cattle pasture and agriculture) expansion and the decline of forest extractivism present challenges to many regional conservation and development projects such as sustainable settlement projects and extractive reserves seeking to develop forest-based livelihood alternatives to limit deforestation. Sustainability goals require researchers and policy makers to address the still experimental status of these forest-based organizational units, the heterogeneity and dynamism of extractivist livelihoods, and the necessary importance of small-scale cattle ranching for insurance and income generation among many former and current extractivists. 相似文献
17.
Farmers, foresters and forest temples: conservation in the Dong Mun uplands, Northeast Thailand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Between 1970 and 1980 villages adjacent to the Dong Mun Uplands of Northeastern Thailand were transformed from subsistence communities, based on wet rice production, to a cash economy linked to global markets and the national and international political order. Although formally designated reserves had been created on old growth forests, the new economic opportunities encouraged conversion of forests to agriculture. Attracted by a false belief that land was being made available for settlement, immigrants flooded in and cleared forests to plant dryland cash crops using the newly expanded and improved road network to export their products. Social forestry programs may have assisted community development and encouraged agricultural diversification but were insufficient to prevent the contraction of forests, which now remain only as degraded remnants on the steepest slopes and least accessible sites.To some extent the social, political and economic forces have stabilized in Dong Mun and evidence of a new relationship between humans and their forest land is appearing. The Royal Forest Service is largely reconciled to the loss of domain over most of forest reserve and is pursuing a modified management policy that shows some evidence of a shift from an industrial to a post-industrial mode.In recent years, Buddhist monks in forest temples found through the uplands have achieved some effective forest conservation and restoration. Their efforts stem from the Buddhist precepts of the sanctity of all life and a view that forests are places for contemplation and spiritual renewal. Monks have been able to protect and restore some forest land because their views and wishes are far more likely to be honored than laws and demands of government officials. This reflects a broader phenomenon in Thailand where considerable impetus for a contemporary environmental movement has come from religious sources in contrast to the west where it is largely a secular in origin. 相似文献
18.
M. Day 《Environmental Geology》1993,21(3):122-128
Rural tropical ecosystems are subject to many traditional land uses that employ the indigenous karst resources: rock, water, soil, vegetation, and wildlife. Individual resource pressures often are subtle, but their combined impact can precipitate instability in the tropical karst environment, potentially resulting in disruption of food, water, and fuel supplies. The karst of central Belize was used intensively for some six centuries by Maya farmers, but between the 10th and 19th centuries AD most of it reverted to secondary forest. Commercial logging dominated the 19th and early 20th centuries, followed by the expansion of subsistence and commercial agriculture after 1945. In the 1980s resource use has accelerated as population and other pressures increase. Much karst remains forested, but there is increasing clearance for agricultural uses, particularly for citrus cultivation and small-scale mixed agriculture. Soil depletion has begun to occur, water resources are increasingly taxed, and some wildlife is threatened by habitat destruction and increased hunting. Lime production for the citrus industry has promoted quarrying, water extraction, and fuelwood use. Environmental stresses currently do not exceed the threshold of instability, but the rapidly developing rural economy warrants careful monitoring of resource pressures. 相似文献
19.
目前,浮选尾矿还没有一个较好的利用途径。本文叙述了有关浮选尾矿的成分及其在农业生产应用的广阔前景,此外还列举了一个促进农业生产的实例。因此,本文所提供的方法,有可能增加农业的产量和扩大煤炭综合利用的范围,具有较好的前景。 相似文献
20.
Rajendra Bhausaheb Zolekar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(24):780
Land elements like slope, soil depth, land use/land cover, water holding capacity, soil texture, soil erosion, elevation, potential of hydrogen, etc. determine the suitability for agriculture. Land suitability analysis is a one of the methods of assessment of detecting inherent capacities, potential and suitability levels of the lands for agriculture, and was utilized with the same land elements in this study. A multi-criterion decision making approach using IRS P6 LISS-IV satellite dataset within a GIS environment was used to identify suitable areas for agriculture in the Darna catchment. Experts’ opinions, literature review, and correlation technique were used to decide influencing criteria, assign scores to sub-criteria, and judgment formation in pairwise comparison matrix. All thematic layers of criteria were integrated with each other in GIS using the weighted overlay technique and generated agriculture suitability map into four classes according to FAO. About 23% of the area is under agriculture in the study region. This area can extend up to 69% under agriculture converting fallow land, scrub land, and sparse forest according to soil qualities with suitability levels, i.e., highly suitable (19%), moderately suitable (16%), and marginally suitable (34%). About 31% (19,219 ha) of reviewed area are classified in the class permanently “not suitable” for agriculture. Moderately and marginally suitable land requires the irrigation facility for efficient agriculture. This study emphasizes that about 46% area has potential as agriculture land and it will help improve the financial condition of the farmers. 相似文献