共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
荒漠化目前已成为威胁全球生态环境的主要问题，开展荒漠化监测对于荒漠化防治至关重要。基于2014—2021年植被生长季(5—9月)Suomi/NPP(National Polar-orbiting Partnership)遥感数据和柴达木盆地8个气象站点观测数据，利用NDVI-Albedo(Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexAlbedo)特征空间计算荒漠化差值指数(Desertification Difference Index,DDI)，运用自然间断法、Sen+M-K趋势分析法、相关性分析法、精度误差矩阵计算和转移矩阵计算等方法，探讨柴达木盆地植被生长季荒漠化土地时空动态演变及气象影响因素。结果表明：(1)基于NDVI-Albedo特征空间构建的DDI在柴达木盆地荒漠化监测中适用性较高，特征方程R2≥0.65，整体分类精度79.38%,Kappa系数0.62。(2)2014—2021年，柴达木盆地荒漠化程度东部、南部较低而西部、中部较高，且东部、南部部分地区DDI值以每年超过0.01的速率增大，部分地区增大显著；荒漠化土地... 相似文献
2.
气候变化对黑河流域生态环境的影响 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9
本文介绍了黑河流域的气候概况，分析了近40a流域内以气温和降水为主的气候要素变化，得出黑河流域发生了以“增暖”为主要特征的气候变化。流域生态环境受气候变暖的影响明显。在灾害性天气强度、森林面积、土地荒漠化、湖泊萎缩、草原退化等方面日趋恶化。并就如何保护黑河流域生态环境提出了建议。 相似文献
3.
本文结合多数学者的论著,综合阐述了内蒙古土地潜在荒漠化发生区及荒漠化的行政边界范围,从气候、荒漠化程度及主导成因划分了内蒙古土地荒漠化的类型及分布面积,并讨论了土地荒漠化与气候因素及人类活动的关系。 相似文献
4.
柴达木盆地气候由暖干向暖湿转型的变化特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1961-2010年柴达木盆地格尔木等10个气象站的观测资料以及水文、植被等资料,研究了柴达木盆地气候由暖干向暖湿转型的变化特征.结果表明,20世纪80年代中后期柴达木盆地出现了以气温上升、降水量和径流量增加、沙尘暴日数减少、潜在蒸散量下降、湖泊水位显著上升和植被覆盖率增加为主要特征的气候由暖干向暖湿转型的事实;全球气候变暖、水循环加快、高空水汽不断增加和黑碳气溶胶浓度增加是柴达木盆地气候由暖干向暖湿转型的主要气候原因. 相似文献
5.
近54年柴达木盆地风速特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《青海气象》2017,(1)
利用柴达木盆地地区10个气象站近54年的气象资料分析得出,1961—2015年柴达木盆地年平均风速呈明显减小趋势,其中1989年全省气候变暖以来风速减小尤为明显,同时大风和沙尘暴日数也显著减小。平均风速及大风、沙尘暴灾害性天气减少趋势既有气候变暖的影响,同时也是生态保护工作的加强以及城市化的发展有关,说明前期的生态保护工作取得成效,这对柴达木盆地生态环境的恢复非常有利。同时风速的降低对风能资源的开发利用不利,但风速在减少的大背景下仍有阶段性的波动上升时段,应抓住有利时段,加强风能资源的开发及利用。 相似文献
6.
气候变暖与内蒙古农业的发展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
80年代以来内蒙古地区气候变暖，3－9月积温逐年增多，尤其是近几年增幅速度加快，水分蒸发量加大，而降水趋势基本不变；积温的增多虽然给目前农业生产提供了有利条件，但从长远发展来看，势必加剧土地的干旱和荒漠化。 相似文献
7.
极端天气气候事件变化对荒漠化、土地退化和粮食安全的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地是人类赖以生存的重要资源,在受气候变化影响的同时其状况变化也在气候系统中起着关键作用。IPCC最新发布的气候变化与土地特别报告（SRCCL）系统反映了关于荒漠化、土地退化、可持续土地管理、粮食安全和陆地生态系统碳通量方面的最新科学认知,并探讨了如何进行更加可持续性的土地利用和管理以应对与土地相关的气候变化问题。文中从极端事件变化及其影响的角度,结合SRCCL与其他相关文献,予以分析和总结。结果表明,在全球变暖的背景下,极端天气气候事件的变化已经并将继续影响荒漠化和土地退化进程并对粮食安全造成冲击;而土地对气候系统的反馈作用,又会加剧气候变化并提高极端事件发生的概率和严重程度。面对气候变化尤其是极端事件给土地带来的巨大压力,必须坚持可持续的土地管理,通过减少包括土地和粮食系统在内的所有行业的排放,才有可能实现到21世纪末将全球平均升温控制在相对工业化前水平2℃以内的目标,以减轻气候变化对土地和粮食系统的负面影响。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
Future African Water Resources: Interactions between Soil Degradation and Global Warming 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Johannes J. Feddema 《Climatic change》1999,42(3):561-596
This study uses a well-established water balance methodology to evaluate the relative impact of global warming and soil degradation due to desertification on future African water resources. Using a baseline climatology, a GCM global warming scenario, a newly derived soil water-holding capacity data set, and a worldwide survey of soil degradation between 1950 and 1980, four climate and soil degradation scenarios are created to simulate the potential impact of global warming and soil degradation on African water resources for the 2010–2039 time period. Results indicate that, on a continental scale, the impact of global warming will be significantly greater than the impact of soil degradation. However, when only considering the locations where desertification is an issue (wet and dry climate regions), the potential effects of these two different human impacts on local water resources can be expected to be on the same order of magnitude. Drying associated with global warming is primarily the result of increased water demand (potential evapotranspiration) across the entire continent. While there are small increases in precipitation under global warming conditions, they are inadequate to meet the increased water demand. Soil degradation is most severe in highly populated, wet and dry climate regions and results in decreased water-holding capacities in these locations. This results in increased water surplus conditions during wet seasons when the soil's ability to absorb precipitation is reduced. At the same time, water deficits in these locations increase because of reduced soil water availability in the dry seasons. The net result of the combined scenarios is an intensification and extension of drought conditions during dry seasons. 相似文献
12.
潮白河流域为北京主要供水源,其水资源量对北京用水保障至关重要,因此开展该流域在全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下的径流预估研究具有现实意义。利用1961—2001年WATCH数据对SWAT水文模型进行率定和验证,在此基础上,应用第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中5个全球气候模式在典型浓度路径(RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5)下预估的全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下的数据驱动SWAT模型,开展了潮白河流域气温、降水及径流量的变化预估研究,并量化评估由气候模式和RCPs导致的水文效应的不确定性。结果表明：(1) SWAT模型基本能较好地模拟潮白河流域的月径流特征,应用该模型进行气候变化对径流量的影响评估是可行的。(2)在全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下,潮白河流域年平均温度较基准期(1976—2005年)分别增加1.5℃和2.2℃,年平均降水量也增加4.9%和7.0%。预估的年径流量在全球1.5℃升温下总体略有增加,盛夏和秋初的径流量占全年的比例也有所增加;在全球2.0℃升温下,年径流量增幅达30%以上,但夏季径流量占全年的比例明显减少。(3)在全球2.0℃升温下,潮白河流域极端丰水流量明显增加,洪涝发生风险增大。(4)未来气温、降水量和径流量的预估都存在一定的不确定性,在全球2.0℃升温下不确定性更大;相对而言,径流量的不确定性要远大于降水量的不确定性;无论是全球1.5℃升温下还是2.0℃升温下,预估不确定性主要来源于全球气候模式。 相似文献
13.
Recent land cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau: a review 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This paper reviews the land cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau during the last 50 years partly caused by natural climate change and, more importantly, influenced by human activities. Recent warming trends on the plateau directly influence the permafrost and snow melting and will impact on the local ecosystem greatly. Human activities increased rapidly on the plateau during the last half century and have significant impacts on land use. Significant land cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau include permafrost and grassland degradation, urbanization, deforestation and desertification. These changes not only impact on local climate and environment, but also have important hydrological implications for the rivers which originate from the plateau. The most noticeable disasters include the flooding at the upper reaches of Yangtze River and droughts along the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River. Future possible land cover changes under future global climate warming are important but hard to assess due to the deficits of global climate model in this topographically complex area. Integrated investigation of climate and ecosystems, including human-beings, are highly recommended for future studies. 相似文献
14.
IPCC于2019年8月7日通过了《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要,报告第3章评估了气候变化与荒漠化的关系,取得了一些新认识,包括全球旱地(dryland)和荒漠化的范围、荒漠化过程与影响因素、荒漠化的检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化的联系。在估计荒漠化变化、荒漠化变化检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化联系方面还存在不足。这些评估结果对我国认识旱地和荒漠化范围的变化、影响荒漠化因素、荒漠化过程、荒漠化变化检测与归因,荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,以及防治荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化方面等都有重要的启示。 相似文献
15.
16.
全球变暖对甘肃省经济、社会和生态环境的影响及其对策 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
根据相关资料,分析了全球变暖的事实以及在全球变暖的大背景下对甘肃省生态环境和社会、经济的影响,并提出了应对气候变化、实现可持续发展的对策。这些对策对甘肃省而言,归纳起来主要是两个问题：一是用好水、管好水、节约用水,开发利用祁连山空中云水资源,实施人工增雨(雪);二是沙的问题。关键是遏制沙漠化进程,使用“区域气候—生态模式”,根据各地的地形、地貌、气候、水文、土壤等生态环境,定量计算各地林、草种植的品种、布局、走向、承载力,以提出恢复植被的最优方案。 相似文献
17.
WANG Futang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(4):498-508
Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will strengthen the naturalgreenhouse effect,which could lead to global climate warming and more other changes.China is alargely agricultural country with a large size of population and the relative shortages of farminglands and water resources,thus increasing the importance of climate warming for national economydevelopment.Therefore,Chinese government and scientists have paid great attention to theimpact-assessment of climate warming on national economy in China,especially during the past 10years.This presentation will briefly describe some major issues of climate warming impact researchon national vegetation,agriculture,forest,water resources,energy use and regional sea level forChina,etc.As a result,all climate change scenarios derived by GCMs suggest a substantial change in thecharacteristic natural vegetation types.It is also shown that comparing with the distributionsimulated under the normal time period 1951—1980 as the present climate,by 2050 large changesin cropping systems would occur almost everywhere in China.Climate warming would lead toincrease cropping diversification and multiplication.Unfortunately,the possible net balancebetween precipitation and evapotranspiration would be negative and it would lead to reduce thegrain production in China significantly due to enhanced moisture stress in soil.The most evidentinfluence of climate warming on water resources would happen in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Basin andthe water supply-demand deficit would be substantially enhanced in this area.And also,a warmerclimate for China will alter the energy requirement for domestic heating and cooling,that is,reduce energy use for heating in northern China and increase energy consumption for cooling insouthern China. 相似文献
18.
Recent summer precipitation trends in the Greater Horn of Africa and the emerging role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Park Williams Chris Funk Joel Michaelsen Sara A. Rauscher Iain Robertson Tommy H. G. Wils Marcin Koprowski Zewdu Eshetu Neil J. Loader 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(9-10):2307-2328
We utilize a variety of climate datasets to examine impacts of two mechanisms on precipitation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) during northern-hemisphere summer. First, surface-pressure gradients draw moist air toward the GHA from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Congo Basin. Variability of the strength of these gradients strongly influences GHA precipitation totals and accounts for important phenomena such as the 1960s–1980s rainfall decline and devastating 1984 drought. Following the 1980s, precipitation variability became increasingly influenced by the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) region. Within this region, increases in sea-surface temperature, evaporation, and precipitation are linked with increased exports of dry mid-tropospheric air from the STIO region toward the GHA. Convergence of dry air above the GHA reduces local convection and precipitation. It also produces a clockwise circulation response near the ground that reduces moisture transports from the Congo Basin. Because precipitation originating in the Congo Basin has a unique isotopic signature, records of moisture transports from the Congo Basin may be preserved in the isotopic composition of annual tree rings in the Ethiopian Highlands. A negative trend in tree-ring oxygen-18 during the past half century suggests a decline in the proportion of precipitation originating from the Congo Basin. This trend may not be part of a natural cycle that will soon rebound because climate models characterize Indian Ocean warming as a principal signature of greenhouse-gas induced climate change. We therefore expect surface warming in the STIO region to continue to negatively impact GHA precipitation during northern-hemisphere summer. 相似文献
19.
洱海流域近50年气候变化特征及其对洱海水资源的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1961-2010年洱海流域的气候和洱海水资源等资料,统计分析了洱海流域气候变化特征及不同气候类型对洱海水资源量的影响,并建立了洱海水资源量与洱海流域降水量、气温的定量关系,对洱海水资源量进行定量估计.结果表明:近50年洱海流域气温呈波动上升趋势,气候变暖明显;21世纪的第一个10年是洱海流域近50年来最暖的10年.年降水量总体上呈减少趋势.洱海水资源量与年降水量之间有显著的正相关关系,而与气温呈明显的负相关关系.洱海流域气候类型在20世纪60和70年代以偏冷和偏湿为主,进入80年代后开始出现暖年,特别是21世纪的第一个10年,气候以偏暖和偏干为主,未出现过偏冷年.在偏干和偏暖的年份洱海水资源均为枯水年;而偏湿和偏冷的年份洱海水资源多为丰水年;气候正常的年份,洱海水资源多为正常.可根据洱海流域未来气候趋势的预测结果,分别通过气候类型及回归预测方程对洱海水资源的丰欠作定性的估计和定量的预测. 相似文献