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pH值对羟基磷灰石除镉行为的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
介质的pH值是影响羟基磷灰石(Hap)除镉行为最为复杂的因素之一,它决定了水溶液中Cd2+的赋存状态及Hap的溶解特性与表面性质等,而这些因素与Hap的除镉行为密切相关。实验研究表明,强酸(pH<3)条件下Cd2+的去除率随pH值的升高增加较快,但当pH≥3时这种增加变缓。在广泛的pH值范围内,Hap在含镉溶液和空白溶液中均表现为质子催化和非化学计量比的溶解机理。根据络合平衡计算,Cd2+在不同pH值时具有不同的型体及分布系数。Hap在空白溶液中的表面电动电势ζ为负值,且随pH值的增加其电负性增大。由此可知Hap除镉行为的作用机理是表面络合与表面电位吸附,而不存在溶解 沉淀作用。 相似文献
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为探讨花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的效果和机理, 采用静态吸附实验, 研究溶液砷初始浓度、反应时间、温度、pH值等因素对红壤吸附水中砷的影响.当溶液砷初始浓度小于5.0 mg/L时, 红壤对砷的去除率均大于97%;随着砷初始浓度增大, 去除率逐渐降低; 反应初期(0~120 min), 红壤对砷的去除率迅速增大至95.0%左右.此后, 去除率缓慢增大, 直到720 min后, 去除率达到97.0%左右, 并趋于稳定; 在砷初始浓度一定时, 红壤对砷的吸附量随着温度的升高逐渐增加, 但增加幅度较小; 红壤对砷的去除率随着体系pH值的增大呈减小趋势; 正交试验表明, 在砷初始浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min、pH为5.0及反应温度为40℃的组合下, 红壤对砷的去除率最大. 相似文献
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《铀矿地质》2015,(5)
研究零价铁(Zero-valent iron,ZVI)去除溶液中的U(VI),分析了pH值、反应时间、ZVI投加量、铀溶液初始浓度、其它离子(Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3、CO2-3和Cu2+)等条件因素对U(VI)去除效果的影响,并讨论其去除机理。结果表明:ZVI对溶液中U(VI)有较好的去除作用,在pH=4,振荡时间为120min,ZVI投加量为1.6g/L,铀溶液初始浓度为10mg/L,铀去除量为4mg/g时,U(VI)的去除率可达到63.7%。其它离子实验结果表明:Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3对ZVI去除U(VI)影响不超过3%,CO2-3和Cu2+影响相对较大。ZVI去除溶液中U(VI)以还原沉淀和吸附作用为主,吸附-还原反应遵循一级化学反应动力学方程。 相似文献
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利用13X沸石分子筛净化含Pb~(2+)废水的实验研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用静态间歇法 ,实验研究了含Pb2 +废水的 pH值及吸附时间对 13X沸石分子筛吸附Pb2 +性能的影响 ,得出了最佳去除效果的优化条件为 :废水的 pH值接近中性 ,吸附时间 10min。通过吸附实验 ,确定了在Pb2 +初始浓度为 2 0mg/L的条件下 ,13X沸石对Pb2 +的吸附量为 2 1 4 2mg/g ,即每克沸石净化含Pb2 +废水的最大体积量约为 75 0mL。解析实验表明 ,加入沉淀剂 ,浓缩洗脱液中的Pb2 +即以PbS的形式生成沉淀 ,为回收金属铅提供了可能 ;13X沸石在循环使用 5次的条件下 ,对废水中Pb2 +的吸附率仍高达 98% ,重复使用性能良好。经处理后的净化水中Pb2 +的浓度小于 0 4mg/L ,显著低于国家废水排放标准GB8978 88的指标 ( 1 0mg/L)。 13X沸石对Pb2 +的主要吸附形式是离子交换和表面络合反应。 相似文献
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磷块岩对二价镉离子的吸附性能研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
用宜昌、海口、保康等地磷块岩对水溶液中镉离子的吸附实验结果表明，影响吸附效果的主要因素有介质的酸度，作用时间，初始Cd^2 浓度和样品用量。在pH=6，作用时间为15min，初始Cd^2 浓度为30mg/L的实验条件下，宜昌硅质磷块岩对镉离子的去除率可达98％，去除容量为4．5mg/g（样品），吸附效果最好，海口的效果次之，而保康钙质磷块岩的效果最差。上述差异可能与这些磷块岩的矿物成分和结晶化学特性之间的差异有关。 相似文献
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以凹凸棒石为缓释载体,研究凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的制备条件,并以其吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系,确定K+吸附量最大时的K+初始浓度缓释效果。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为1.6mmol/L,3.2mmol/L,6.4mmol/L,12.8mmol/L,19.2mmol/L,25.6mmol/L的混合溶液对凹凸棒石缓释肥进行解吸。结果表明:凹凸棒石对K+的吸附量在30min内达到平衡,单位质量凹凸棒石对K+的最大吸附量为13.97×10-3;pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸率最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸率增大,凹凸棒石对K+的解吸过程符合Elovich方程,解吸速率远小于吸附速率;以pH=5的HCl溶液对凹凸棒石缓释钾肥进行动态解吸和静态解吸实验,动态解吸得出的解吸率较静态解吸的解吸率低,解吸液为450ml时,动态解吸和静态解吸的解吸率分别为35.5%和50.3%,前者能更真实地反应凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的缓释效果;该凹凸棒石是钾肥良好的缓释载体。 相似文献
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本文通过两组不同水镁石-苯酚投料比的实验,研究固体沉淀物与水质变化的关系。实验显示,水镁石解离出的Mg2+与苯酚降解的中间产物能形成难溶盐,并发生沉淀分离,促进含苯酚废水臭氧化降解的效率。当苯酚的初始浓度为47 g/L,初始碳镁原子比(C/Mg)为30时,经3小时充分臭氧化曝气后,投加的水镁石全部耗尽。XRD、TG/DSC结果显示新形成的沉淀物为草酸镁。反应终点的pH值在4以下,TOC去除率为40%。当体系的初始C/Mg(原子比)为1,苯酚的初始浓度为1.5 g/L时,同样的臭氧化曝气过程体系残留的沉淀物仍是水镁石。反应终点的pH值在10左右,TOC去除率为92.8%。研究证明,苯酚臭氧化过程也是体系酸化的过程,至少在高C/Mg比条件下新生的质子能与水镁石解离出的羟基中和,水镁石解离出的Mg2+可与草酸根结合沉淀出草酸镁。 相似文献
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在原位氧化过程中,实际场地地下水和含水介质的物化特征是影响氧化效果的重要因素,而目前对此影响的研究较少。以某场地实际高盐强酸性复合苯系污染地下水为研究对象,以地下水中2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(2-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,2-N)和3-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,3-N)为特征污染物,探究芬顿(Fenton)试剂原位氧化特征,并研究液相环境因素(初始H2O2浓度、初始Fe2+浓度、初始pH值、初始醋酸(Acetic acid,HAc)浓度、初始SO42-浓度)以及含水层介质对Fenton法去除2-N和3-N的影响。结果显示:(1)Fenton法去除2-N和3-N效果显著,且在初始液相条件为c(H2O2)=7 mmol/L、c(Fe2+)=4 mmol/L、pH=4、c(HAc)=0 mg/L和c(SO42-)=0 mmol/L时去除效果最佳;(2)各因素对Fenton法氧化2-N和3-N的影响不同,加入H2O2和Fe2+使2-N和3-N去除率上升,增大HAc浓度使2-N和3-N去除率下降;(3)含水层介质对2-N和3-N具有一定吸附性,且对3-N的吸附性强于2-N,二者在本实验中最大吸附态占比分别为29%和42%,而吸附态的存在会抑制Fenton法对2-N和3-N的去除;(4)矿物分析结果显示介质含有少量黄铁矿,在硫酸环境下,介质腐蚀溶解释放Fe2+,在达到一定浓度后,无需额外添加Fe2+即可完成Fenton反应进而去除2-N和3-N。 相似文献
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以Pt为阳极,以Ti纳米管为基底修饰一薄层Pd和Cu构成的多金属纳米电极为阴极,搭建电化学反应器进行去除硝酸盐氮(NO3- N)研究,观察了在不同电流密度、初始浓度和pH值条件下该多金属纳米电极对NO3- N去除率的影响。结果表明,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2,添加050 g/L的 Na2SO4作为支持电解质的条件下,电解90 min后Cu Pd TiO2多金属纳米电极对硝酸盐的去除率可达81%,而相同条件下金属Ti做阴极时对硝酸盐的去除率仅为245%。溶液pH值的改变对 NO3- N的去除效果几乎没有影响;随着电流密度的增高,NO3- N的去除效率也随之提高;而随着溶液初始浓度的升高,NO3- N的去除率反而略有下降。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献