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台湾海峡及邻近海域6种对虾食性特征及其营养级研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文主要研究台湾海峡及邻近海域6种对虾的食性特征与营养级.研究结果表明,它们皆为混合食性型的甲壳动物.哈氏仿对虾、鹰爪虾和周氏新对虾的主要饵料生物属底栖生物和浮游动物生态类群,中华管鞭虾和须赤虾的主要饵料生物属浮游动物和底栖生物生态类群;它们的营养级范围在1.64～2.14之间.周氏新对虾、角突仿对虾、须赤虾和鹰爪虾属第二营养层次的杂食性动物,哈氏仿对虾和中华管鞭虾属第三营养层次的低级肉食性动物;它们的食物生境宽度范围为6.48～1.24,其大小范围依次为:哈氏仿对虾、中华管鞭虾、鹰爪虾、周氏新对虾、须赤虾、角突仿对虾;6种虾类之间的食物的重叠指数0.008～0.716.除了周氏新对虾与其它虾类之间食物的重叠指数<0.15外,其它5种虾类之间(食物的重叠指数0.387～0.716)都存在竞争饵料资源的问题.挠足类、长尾类、稚幼鱼、多毛类、硅藻类和肉足鞭毛虫是虾类共同争食的饵料生物. 相似文献
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对虾属(Penaeus)种类的个体比较大,经济价值也高,是渔获物重要组成之一。据报道,就世界对虾类资源利用来看,日本海周围利用率最高。对虾属种类的分布范围与地区的表层平均水温范围相一致,夏季水温在20℃或略高于20℃。 根据大西洋和太平洋对虾类资源研究表明,西部比东部海域分布广泛。大西洋分布的种类比较多,对虾属资源最丰富。根据联合国粮农组织世界渔业统计年鉴报道,1981年全世界94个国家经济虾类产量为173.3万吨,比1980年少捕了1000吨。其中印度、中国、印度尼西亚、美国和泰国5个国家的虾类产量占世界产量的一半。另外,从1981年世界各地区的产量 相似文献
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虾类及甲壳动物消化酶研究的现状 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
近年来,在虾类捕获量不断降低,而人们需求不断增加的情况下,许多有经济价值的甲壳动物成了重要的养殖对象。如中国对虾、日本对虾、印度对虾、墨吉对虾、美国龙虾、三疣梭子蟹等。目前这些养殖种类的培苗及养成技术已经基本解决。饵料问题的矛盾却显得很突出,如果饵料的研究得以突破,将会给养虾业开创一个完全崭新的局面。要解决虾类的饵料,首先要了解虾类饵料中究竟应包括那些营养物质,虾类能消化那些物质,消化能力的大小,即要知道虾类有那些消化酶,消化酶的活力及消化酶对饵料组成的适应能力。有了这些数据,才有可能配制一种 相似文献
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舟山沿海经济虾类及其区系特点 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文报告了舟山沿海经济虾类47种。其中9种为渔业生产的主要对象,4种大型个体对虾在养殖上有一定意义,特别是斑节对虾、短沟对虾和长毛对虾最近几年的出现,在海洋学研究上应予注意。舟山沿海虾类以暖水性种类占优势,其南北沿海虾类成分组成显著不同,北部渗入了少量冷水性虾类,南部则有大量暖水性种类。显然,印度-西太平洋虾类区系在舟山沿海已临近分布北界。 相似文献
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虾类免疫学的基础和应用研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
无脊椎动物免疫学是一门新兴学科 ,甲壳动物免疫学是其中的一个分支［１］。自６０年代后期以来 ,瑞典、美国、日本等国学者发表了大量的论文及专著 ,对甲壳动物免疫机制等问题进行了有益的探索。近十余年来 ,甲壳动物免疫学发展较快 ,正在逐渐形成一门新的学科分支 ,引起国内外学者的高度重视 ,其中虾类免疫学发展最快。鉴于目前虾类病害防治不理想的现状 ,可以认为虾类免疫学的研究是最终战胜虾类病害的重要基础。本文力图对该领域的最新进展作一概述。１免疫系统的研究１．１免疫应答的淋巴器官和组织虾类免疫应答的主要组织和器官为淋巴… 相似文献
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中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)属于广盐、广温性虾类,主要分布于黄海、渤海海区,产于山东、河北、辽宁及天津近海。中国对虾具有体大、壳薄和生长快等特点,是中国目前养殖最广泛、产量较高的对虾品种,同时在国际市场上也深受欢迎。作者旨在总结中国对虾亲虾在培育过程中的营养需求以及幼体的营养需求,为中国对虾的人工繁殖提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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南美白对虾 (Penaeusvannamei)又称万氏对虾 ,主要分布于美洲太平洋沿岸 ,是世界三大养殖虾类之一。我国大陆地区自1998年开始大规模养殖 ,因其肉质鲜美 ,具有耐粗饲、生长速度快、对环境适应能力强、抗病力强等特点 ,适于人工高密度养殖 ,并且经驯化可在淡水池塘中养殖 ,因此近几年来养殖规模迅速扩大。在半精养、精养系统中 ,虾饵———主要是人工配合饲料 ,占到生产成本的50%以上 ,为使对虾养殖获得最大经济效益 ,迫切需要营养全面而价格低廉的饵料。本文仅就近年来关于P.vannamei对微量营养素需求的研究进展作一概述 ,为高质量饵料的研… 相似文献
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北虫草菌Y3胞内与胞外多糖的免疫药理研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对北虫草菌Ｙ３胞内与胞外多糖的免疫药理活性进行实验研究。结果表明,北虫草多糖可显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,增强血清溶菌酶活力,提高小鼠肝、红细胞ＳＯＤ活力,并可对抗环磷酰胺引起的外周血白细胞数目下降。北虫草菌Ｙ３多糖对小鼠迟发型超敏反应与溶血空斑实验都有促进作用,提示其对特异性与非特异性免疫的增强作用。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2001,25(4):265-279
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of shrimp aquaculture from the perspectives of economics. It is offered as a contribution to the on-going policy debate on this globally important industry. The paper is organised into four sections: the benefits of shrimp aquaculture, the problems of shrimp aquaculture, economic development perspectives on shrimp aquaculture, and conclusions. Four main conclusions are drawn: there is a lack of independent analysis of the factors affecting the production strategies of private firms in the shrimp industry; there is a need to overcome polarisation in order to promote sustainable shrimp aquaculture; wider perspectives on shrimp aquaculture will be beneficial to policy formation; and it is in the long-run self-interest of shrimp producers to incorporate the external costs of production into planning decisions. The paper includes a review of the international literature which provides a valuable resource for policy-makers. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The Bangladeshi shrimp industry brings substantial economic benefits to the Bangladesh economy, as well as significant, negative socio-economic and environmental externalities. Despite numerous domestic environmental protection laws on the shrimp industry, serious concerns regarding biodiversity and coastal protection remain as Bangladesh continues to promote a sustainable shrimp industry.These issues present several impediments to improved environmental outcomes, as well as to compliance with key multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) entered into by the Bangladeshi government. This article examines the key environmental legislation regulating the domestic shrimp industry, and analyzes the industry's compliance with MEA obligations. This article also recommends potential areas for domestic reform to improve compliance and to promote a sustainable shrimp industry for Bangladesh. 相似文献
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海水养殖是海洋经济重要的组成部分。中国是世界上最大的对虾养殖国,对虾养殖净收益直接影响对虾养殖户的生产积极性,进而影响对虾养殖产业持续稳定健康发展。文章以山东省、江苏省和广东省对虾养殖户的调查数据为依据,运用多元线性回归模型,对对虾养殖净收益的影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明,影响对虾养殖净收益的3个主要因素是:①每年对虾养殖的造数;②是否参加对虾养殖农业合作社;③对虾出塘的销售价格。对虾养殖者的年龄,受教育程度,是否混养其他品种生物,养殖模式,养殖面积对对虾养殖净收益影响不显著。基于回归结果,笔者提出完善对虾养殖基础设施;发展对虾养殖农业合作社和养殖协会;建立稳定的对虾市场价格调控体系等政策建议。 相似文献
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A desert in the delta: Participatory assessment of changing livelihoods induced by commercial shrimp farming in Southwest Bangladesh 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, shrimp aquaculture, which is undertaken largely in the tropical countries, has experienced spectacular growth in response to expanding global demand and higher economic return. Shrimp exports bring substantial foreign exchange to the producing countries and also generate employment for various stakeholders related to this industry. Despite a number positive aspects (e.g., foreign exchange, employment and food) of shrimp farming, the industry has serious negative environmental impacts. Because of the degradation of natural resources, commercial shrimp farming imposes socio-economic costs on rural resource-reliant communities as their traditional means of food production and livelihoods are displaced. Bangladesh produces 2.5 percent of the global production of shrimp. The country earned about 400 million dollars (U.S.) from shrimp exports during 2004-2005, up from only US$3.17 million in 1971-72. Bangladesh is suffering because of unplanned expansion of this aquaculture and increasingly called as “a desert in the delta”. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of commercial saltwater shrimp farming on rural livelihood patterns in southwest Bangladesh using different Participatory Research methods. The authors suggest that vulnerabilities in livelihoods of the rural communities increased due to narrowing down agricultural production, income sources and natural supply of food. Other socio-economic impacts (e.g., landuse patterns, homestead and family structure, daily movement pattern and activities, drinking water, and law and order) also followed as a reaction to the changing ecological conditions. It is also found that economic benefits from shrimp cultivation to the communities was minimal or even negative due to the polarization and outflow of profits, which is augmenting the threat of poverty. 相似文献
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Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu Paloma de MattosAntonio Domingos Padula 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(9):658-667
In Brazil, farm shrimp production has remained constant over the last five years but exports have fallen sharply and almost all production is now consumed domestically. This situation exists despite adequate water resources, available labour and climatic conditions which allow three production cycles per year. This paper is based on an assessment of the shrimp industry at a critical time when exports had reached their maximum level and were about to fall precipitously. It examines the reasons for the shrimp export market failure and discusses sustainability challenges for the future. Data were collected through interviews with hatchery, farm and processing plant managers and other stakeholders in Rio Grande do Norte state, the largest Brazilian farmed shrimp producer. It was found that market failure was the result of inadequate industry planning, inappropriate public policy and a lack of coordinated actions among the various shrimp producers and stakeholders. The research demonstrates that sustainable Brazilian shrimp farming will require technological and management improvements, institutional changes and an appropriate environmental and social framework. 相似文献
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以基本营养成分分析和描述性分析为基础,并结合生化分析及仪器检测,研究凡纳滨对虾Penaeus vannmei品质特征的变化,通过因子与距离相关分析,建立冰温下凡纳滨对虾的食用品质评价体系。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,凡纳滨对虾的基本营养成分、感官、质构、色差以及生化指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。经因子分析及距离相关分析发现,得到的9组因子在置信度95%范围内,营养成分因子Fn、质构因子Ft、色差因子Fc,以及生化因子Fb之间都呈现出较显著的相关性(P<0.05),而描述性分析因子Fd与质构因子Ft、色差因子Fc相关性不显著(P>0.05),因此在一定程度上还不能完全用描述性分析来代替仪器检测和理化分析,三者必须有机结合才能更全面地反映凡纳滨对虾在冰温贮藏过程中的品质变化。 相似文献
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维生素D对中国对虾生长影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
于１９９０年７－９月用不同维生素Ｄ水平的饵料饲喂中国对虾，研究饵料中维生素Ｄ的适宜添加量及对对虾的营养作用。结果表明，每百克饵料中添加６０００Ｕ维生素Ｄ，其体长增长率和增重率最大，蛋白质消化吸收率最好，饵料系数最低；ＶＤ对对虾存活率无明显影响；投喂适量的维生素Ｄ时，有助于钙，磷在虾体中的吸收，虾壳中的沉积，虾壳的硬化。 相似文献