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1.
某水电站进水口高边坡开挖的变形响应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对西南某大型水电站高达近106 m的人工进水口垂直高边坡,通过现场跟踪施工的地质调查工作,系统研究了复杂地质条件和高地应力环境下岩石高边坡大坡比、强开挖所表现的变形响应,揭示了此类边坡变形响应的基本规律及特殊表现。研究表明：高边坡开挖过程中,边坡的变形与开挖过程有较强的同步性。变形主要受开挖卸荷影响,随着开挖的进行,坡体的变形随开挖面的远离表现出总体衰减,最终稳定的响应特征。变形可归纳为3种性质,即浅表松弛型、协调渐变型和回弹错动型,总体以浅表松弛型为主等。 相似文献
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西南某大型水电站拱肩槽边坡开挖的变形响应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对在复杂地质条件和高地应力环境下,高达近330m的人工岩石拱肩槽高边坡的研究,尤其是在大坡比、强开挖条件下所表现的变形响应规律的研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文通过大量现场跟踪施工的地质调查工作和利用丰富的监测资料的基础上,系统地研究了此类边坡变形响应的基本规律及特殊表现,得到了拱肩槽高边坡开挖过程中,边坡的变形与开挖过程有较强的同步性。变形主要受开挖卸荷影响;随开挖的进行,坡体的变形随开挖面的远离表现出总体衰减的特征等。开挖后的坡体的变形量较小,变形深度较浅,而且在开挖12~18个月后,变形趋于稳定。这些结论对类似边坡开挖及其稳定性的控制具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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鉴于目前关于节理岩体力学参数空间变异性表征及存在潜在滑移面边坡的可靠性问题研究较多,但对于岩质边坡力学参数空间变异性影响及开挖卸荷响应(变形与塑性区)不确定性分析的研究较为有限。提出考虑力学参数不确定性的岩质边坡开挖卸荷响应概率评价方法,该方法以室内岩石力学试验及现场地质勘察测绘数据为基础,利用Hoek-Brown经验准则与Monte Carlo分析手段,构建了以岩石单轴抗压强度(uniaxial compressive strength,简称UCS)、地质强度指标(geological strengthindex,简称GSI)和节理工程参数为输入的边坡岩体力学参数概率统计模型,并采用卡方检验进行模型的吻合度检验;基于点估计原理构建岩体力学参数组合方案,并结合数值模拟开展边坡开挖过程的仿真分析,获得边坡开挖后整体安全系数及位移及塑性区的概率分布。利用该方法对在建京秦高速沿线某路堑边坡岩体力学参数及开挖卸荷响应进行分析,得到了岩体强度、弹性模量、黏聚力与内摩擦角的取值及不确定性分布,采用点估计与FLAC3D模拟分析,得到了边坡安全系数及典型观测点的位移与塑性区分布结... 相似文献
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黄土路堑边坡变形破坏机理的三轴试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过原状黄土的减压三轴压缩试验,研究了黄土边坡不同深度不同含水量土体的应力-应变关系,并与原状黄土的常规三轴试验结果进行了比较,发现减压三轴试验能合理地模拟和解释开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡土体的变形与破坏过程。试验结果表明:坡脚开挖卸荷时,黄土边坡中浅层非饱和黄土易出现应变软化或塑性流动,强度较低,易产生较大变形,而深层饱和黄土仅在高围压下发生应变硬化,强度增加,在中低围压时均发生应变软化现象。分析认为黄土边坡特殊的工程地质条件,使得黄土边坡的特定部位在开挖卸荷作用下常形成了不利于土体稳定的含水量和围压组合,导致坡体特定部位的土体变形破坏,进而诱发边坡的变形破坏;开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡变形破坏的力学机制应为蠕滑-压致拉裂或牵引式滑坡。 相似文献
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现有上硬下软边坡的研究大都集中在压缩挤出变形的近水平泥岩、页岩基座型边坡变形演化过程,针对倾倒变形的板岩基座型边坡开挖响应研究甚少,本文以西藏玉曲河某水电站厂址边坡为研究对象,根据现场地质调查建立符合坡体实际情况的地质结构模型,采用物理试验的方法模拟原型边坡开挖。通过试验揭示上硬下软反倾边坡在开挖条件下的变形响应特征及破坏模式。研究结果表明:（1）开挖条件下上硬下软型边坡变形破坏过程分为a）下部软岩倾倒弯曲加剧;b）软岩倾倒折断,上部卸荷硬岩沿已有裂隙剪切;c）倾倒软岩滑移,卸荷硬岩剪断岩性分界部位,折断面贯通3个阶段。其变形破坏模式为下部软岩倾倒—上部硬岩剪断组合滑移型破坏;（2）开挖强倾倒区岩体会使下部软岩迅速失稳并促使上部硬岩剪切破坏;开挖引起的反倾上硬下软边坡大变形在短时间内完成,前期变形和能量积累是一个较长的过程;（3）开挖时需避免对坡脚倾倒岩体“大开挖”施工。 相似文献
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小湾水电站进水口高边坡地质条件及开挖坡型复杂,断层、节理裂隙发育并相互切割,坝顶平台至进水口底板平台平均开挖坡度88,最大高差106m,其中垂直开挖段81m,最大水平退坡深度170余米。伴随边坡开挖过程中,边坡上部岩体产生了一系列的变形破裂现象,主要表现为沿混凝土坡面分布的张开宽度和延伸长度不一的裂缝及起壳现象。本文结合边坡的实际工程地质条件和监测结果数据,对变形破裂现象的形成机制进行了系统的分析。结果表明,裂缝产生的原因主要是由于地处高地应力区岩体在边坡开挖过程中产生的卸荷回弹表现,是正常的卸荷松弛变形。在此基础上,对边坡的稳定性分析表明,该边坡稳定性良好。 相似文献
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恶滩水电站4#机基础开挖形成40m左右的高边坡,开挖过程中,边坡上部的纵向混凝土围堰不断出现横向和纵向裂缝,监测资料表明其有明显的水平和垂直位移。本文采用弹塑性有限差分数值模拟方法,对基坑开挖过程中混凝土围堰和4#机高边坡内的应力应变状态进行分析,同时结合地质资料和现场变形观测资料分析,多角度分析了边坡的变形机制。结果表明,河水位升降变化、高边坡施工开挖、F711断层揭露以及复杂的地质条件等是变形的主要影响因素,同时采用二维塑性力学上限解方法对该高边坡的稳定性进行分析,并提出采用以预应力锚索为主的边坡加固方案。监测结果表明,加固后边坡处于稳定状态。 相似文献
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高陡岩质边坡稳定性三维离散元分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
某高陡岩质边坡地质条件复杂、软弱结构面发育、开挖高度大、坡度陡、临空面多,为边坡变形提供了有利的空间,边坡多处出现失稳破坏迹象。通过对边坡工程地质条件调查,岩体结构特征和边坡开挖等影响因素的分析,认为边坡变形主要发生在强风化强卸荷岩体内,受软弱结构面的控制比较明显,表现为结构面组合控制的块体变形失稳破坏模式。采用3DEC数值模拟软件,模拟了边坡开挖后坡体变形特征,数值模拟结果表明,边坡浅表层块体以及控制性块体稳定性差,可能导致边坡产生整体失稳。 相似文献
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黄土边坡开挖卸荷力学响应与破坏机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开挖黄土边坡诱发的黄土滑坡频繁发生, 对黄土地区的工程建设产生了极大的威胁, 严重阻碍了各种基础设施建设的推进, 认识开挖卸荷过程中黄土边坡的力学响应机制及变形破坏过程, 是对此类型滑坡进行防治的前提条件和重要依据。基于此, 开展饱和黄土常规三轴剪切试验和卸荷路径下的三轴剪切试验(卸荷三轴试验), 着重分析在两种应力路径下饱和黄土的力学响应及变形特征, 并以兰州上洼子滑坡为例对其形成机制进行分析。研究表明:(1)在三轴试验中, 相比于常规条件, 侧向卸荷条件下, 虽然孔压增长幅度较低, 但卸荷导致侧向压力大大降低, 因此孔压比快速增长, 有效应力持续降低, 对边坡的稳定更为不利; (2)侧向卸荷条件下试样达到峰值强度时所需应变更小(1%~2%), 表明卸荷条件下边坡更易失稳破坏且具有突发性; (3)两种应力路径下饱和土体抗剪强度参数有显著差异, 与标准三轴剪切试验相比, 卸载三轴剪切条件下, c'值降低62.32%~76.92%, 且接近于零, 有效内摩擦角φ'值增大26.92%~29.77%;(4)采用FLAC-3D对上洼子滑坡进行数值模拟分析, 选取侧向卸荷三轴剪切试验结果更符合土体真实应力路径, 揭示了上洼子滑坡的破坏模式为“后退渐进式”。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献