共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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By applying seismic inversion, we can derive rock impedance from seismic data. Since it is an interval property, impedance is valuable for reservoir characterization. Furthermore, the decomposition of the impedance into two fundamental properties, i.e. velocity and density, provides a link to the currently available rock‐physics applications to derive quantitative reservoir properties. However, the decomposition is a challenging task due to the strong influence of noise, especially for seismic data with a maximum offset angle of less than 30°. We present a method of impedance decomposition using three elastic impedance data derived from the seismic inversion of angle stacks, where the far‐stack angle is 23.5°. We discuss the effect of noise on the analysis as being the most significant cause of making the decomposition difficult. As the result, the offset‐consistent component of noise mostly affects the determination of density but not the velocities (P‐ and S‐wave), whereas the effect of the random component of noise occurs equally in the determination of the velocities and density. The effect is controlled by the noise enhancement factor 1/A, which is determined by a combination of stack angles. Based on the results of the analysis, we show an innovative method of decomposition incorporating rock‐physics bounds as constraints for the analysis. The method is applied to an actual data set from an offshore oilfield; we demonstrate the result of analysis for sandbody detection. 相似文献
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叠前地震数据反演可以得到比常规叠后波阻抗反演更丰富、更有效的岩性信息,但叠前数据体的噪声及其它因素严重影响了AVO反演的稳定性,如何评估AVO反演结果的可靠性显得尤为重要.本文从贝叶斯理论出发,假定均匀先验分布、高斯噪音分布,推出不确定性分析方程,利用协方差矩阵中的方差描述反演问题的不确定性,模型研究显示反演不确定性与叠前信噪比、纵横波速度比、覆盖次数及反演采用的角度范围相关,方法预测的反演误差可定量解释反演结果的可靠性,为解释人员提供有效的质量监控手段. 相似文献
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An iterative inversion method which also takes into account wave energy absorption is described. This method allows estimates of the acoustic impedance in sedimentary layers with nearly plane and parallel stratification. A set of reflection data has been inverted and an impedance model was obtained which correlates well with the essential features of the borehole velocity log. 相似文献
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孔隙介质核磁共振(NMR)弛豫数据的多指数反演在NMR测井和岩心分析中均非常重要.本文基于Backus-Gilbert(BG)理论,提出一种NMR弛豫多指数反演的新方法.从解的非唯一性出发,不仅构造出一种解估计,更重要的是评价各种可接受的解估计,通过引入解估计分辨率和解估计方差对解进行评价,找出最佳折中解.通过算例,比较了新方法与传统正则化方法的效果,结果表明新方法具有明显优越性,在低信噪比条件下解稳定.最后分析了新方法的影响因素. 相似文献
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对于海洋的特殊环境，常规的阻抗估算方法往往不能很好地估算海底大地电磁的阻 抗张量，本文提出了基于相关归一Robust方法. 以相关系数为参数对阻抗张量元素进行归一，据相关系数值的变化修正Robust的权系数. 模拟和实测数据的计算表明，相关归一Robust法比其他常规方法更能有效地抑制干扰. 噪声强度小于30%时常规方法和新方法都能有效 地估算阻抗张量；噪声强度大于50%时，常规方法估算误差明显偏大，新方法误差要小得多，反映出该方法有较强抗干扰的能力. 相似文献
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针对利用地震道进行相对波阻抗反演中遇到的横向连续性难以保持、初始子波容错度差以及随机噪声干扰影响反演结果等问题,提出了一种基于矩阵Toeplitz稀疏分解的相对波阻抗反演方法.该方法将地震数据剖面的Toeplitz稀疏分解问题分解为两个子反演问题,其一以Toeplitz子波矩阵元素为待反演的参数,用Fused Lasso方法求解,可保证子波具有紧支集且是光滑的;其二以稀疏反射系数矩阵元素为待反演参数,用基于回溯的快速萎缩阈值迭代算法求解,大大降低了目标函数中参数选择的难度.通过交替迭代求解上述两个子反演问题可将地震数据剖面因式分解为一个Toeplitz子波矩阵和一个稀疏反射系数矩阵;然后由反射系数矩阵递推反演可以得到高分辨率的相对波阻抗剖面;利用测井资料加入低频分量后,也可得到高分辨率的绝对波阻抗剖面.Marmousi2模型生成的合成记录算例和实际地震资料算例均表明:本文方法可以从带限地震数据中有效地反演相对波阻抗,反演结果分辨率高并且能够很好地保持地震数据的横向连续性;即使在初始估计子波存在误差和地震数据被随机噪声污染的情况下也能取得较好的效果. 相似文献
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深部储层地震资料通常照明度低、信噪比低、分辨率不足,尤其是缺乏大角度入射信息,对深部储层流体识别存在较大影响.Gassmann流体项是储层流体识别的重要参数,针对深层地震资料的特点,本文首先在孔隙介质理论的指导下,推导了基于Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的两项AVO近似方程.通过模型分析,验证了该方程在小角度时与精确Zoeppritz方程误差很小,满足小角度入射条件下的近似精度要求.然后借助Connolly推导弹性阻抗的思想,推导了基于Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的两项弹性阻抗方程.针对深部储层地震资料信噪比差的特点,利用奇偶反射系数分解实现了深部储层基追踪弹性阻抗反演方法,最后提出了基于基追踪弹性阻抗反演的Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的求取方法,并将提取的Gassmann流体项应用于深部储层流体识别.模型测试和实际应用表明该方法稳定有效,具有较好的实用性. 相似文献
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Acoustic inversion in one-dimension gives impedance as a function of travel time. Inverting the reflection response is a linear problem. Recursive methods, from top to bottom or vice versa, are known and use a fundamental wave field that is computed from the reflection response. An integral over the solution to the Marchenko equation, on the other hand, retrieves the impedance at any vertical travel time instant. It is a non-recursive method, but requires the zero-frequency value of the reflection response. These methods use the same fundamental wave field in different ways. Combining the two methods leads to a non-recursive scheme that works with finite-frequency bandwidth. This can be used for target-oriented inversion. When a reflection response is available along a line over a horizontally layered medium, the thickness and wave velocity of any layer can be obtained together with the velocity of an adjacent layer and the density ratio of the two layers. Statistical analysis over 1000 noise realizations shows that the forward recursive method and the Marchenko-type method perform well on computed noisy data. 相似文献
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本文对大地电磁阻抗相位资料的性质及其意义作了总结和评述。文中述及的阻抗相位资料正则化反演方法,是在文献〔1〕的基础上进行了改进,笔者就此给出了实际算例和概要分析 相似文献
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VSP资料钻前预测的关键在于高精度的波阻抗反演,本文针对VSP资料高分辨率、高信噪比以及能精确地分离出上、下行波的特点,提出了一种利用VSP资料进行井底以下钻头前方地层波阻抗反演的方法。该方法首先对VSP走廊叠加记录采用非线性迭代反演方法反演地下地层的波阻抗;通过在迭代过程中不断修改阻尼因子,以及引入预条件共轭梯度法求解方程组,增强了解的稳定性和收敛速度。理论模型与实际资料的处理结果表明该方法具有较好的效果,并在VSP资料钻前预测研究中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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The paper presents the results of the determination from vibration tests of impedance functions for a concrete basemat of a one-quarter scale model of a nuclear power-plant containment building. The tests were designed to excite all rigid-body modes of the foundation. In addition to the impedance functions for all the rigid-body degrees of freedom, natural frequencies and damping for the fundamental modes were estimated. Comparison of the test-determined modal characteristics with corresponding analytical ones based on the Lysmer analog shows that though the latter gives natural-frequency estimates of the right order of magnitude, it does not give acceptable estimates of the damping coefficient. Analytical impedance functions based on a model of a rigid-plate on an elastic half-space were found to have the sam trend as the test-determined ones at lower frequencies, but not at higher frequencies. The utility of test data for verification of analysis is discussed. 相似文献
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A general method for estimating ground-water solute mass transfer rate parameters from field test data is presented. The method entails matching solute concentration and hydraulic head data collected during the recovery phase of a pumping test through application of a simulation-regression technique. Estimation of hydraulic conductivity and mass transfer rate parameter values is performed by fitting model simulations to the data. Parameter estimates are utilized to assess cleanup times for pump-and-treat aquifer remediation scenarios. Uncertainty in the cleanup time estimate is evaluated using statistical information obtained with the parameter estimation technique. Application of the method is demonstrated using a hypothetical ground-water flow and solute transport system. Simulations of field testing, parameter estimation, and remedial time frames are performed to evaluate the usefulness of the method. Sets of random noise that signify potential field and laboratory measurement errors are combined with the hypothetical data to provide rigorous testing of the method. Field tests are simulated using ranges of values for data noise, the mass transfer rate parameters, the test pumping rates, and the duration of recovery monitoring to evaluate their respective influence on parameter and cleanup time estimates. The demonstration indicates the method is capable of yielding accurate estimates of the solute mass transfer rate parameters. When the parameter values for the hypothetical system are well estimated, cleanup time predictions are shown to be more accurate than when calculated using the local equilibrium assumption. 相似文献
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A method for obtaining the galvanic distortion matrix is presented so that the regional impedance tensor (free of distortion) is recovered. The method is a constrained stochastic heuristic method, which consists in randomly exploring the space of the distortion parameters. Constraints are imposed on the shortest periods of the regional impedance tensor that, at these short periods, tends to be two dimensional (or one dimensional). Depending on the constraints used, two different methods to recover the regional impedance tensor in this 2D/3D case are presented. Method 1 needs to find the strike of the short periods and Method 2 applies to the measurement directions. Twist, shear and anisotropy parameters are obtained. Thus, the regional impedance tensor is recovered with the only exception being the vertical shift due to the gain, which is equal for all the components of the tensor. Examples with synthetic impedance tensors from 2D/3D models perturbed with galvanic distortion are presented to illustrate how the algorithm works. The presence of noise in data is considered and rules for proceeding are provided. The same examples perturbed by Gaussian noise together with experimental data illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm. 相似文献
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裂缝储层岩石物理参数的准确获得对地下裂缝预测具有重要意义,而叠前方位AVA地震反演是获得裂缝岩石物理参数的有效手段.假设地下岩石为倾斜横向各向同性（TTI）介质,本文从裂缝岩石物理等效模型的构建出发,从测井数据中估计出纵横波相对反射系数和裂缝柔度参数.通过推导含裂缝柔度的方位各向异性反射系数公式,基于贝叶斯反演框架建立了P波线性AVAZ反演方法.合成地震数据应用表明基于贝叶斯理论的TTI介质裂缝柔度反演方法具有一定抗噪性,可以降低裂缝柔度估测的不确定性,为地下裂缝预测提供有力的依据. 相似文献
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Acoustic impedance is one of the best attributes for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterisation. We present an approach for estimating acoustic impedance accurately from a band‐limited and noisy seismic data. The approach is composed of two stages: inverting for reflectivity from seismic data and then estimating impedance from the reflectivity inverted in the first stage. For the first stage, we achieve a two‐step spectral inversion that locates the positions of reflection coefficients in the first step and determines the amplitudes of the reflection coefficients in the second step under the constraints of the positions located in the first step. For the second stage, we construct an iterative impedance estimation algorithm based on reflectivity. In each iteration, the iterative impedance estimation algorithm estimates the absolute acoustic impedance based on an initial acoustic impedance model that is given by summing the high‐frequency component of acoustic impedance estimated at the last iteration and a low‐frequency component determined in advance using other data. The known low‐frequency component is used to restrict the acoustic impedance variation tendency in each iteration. Examples using one‐ and two‐dimensional synthetic and field seismic data show that the approach is flexible and superior to the conventional spectral inversion and recursive inversion methods for generating more accurate acoustic impedance models. 相似文献