共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
S. V. Emelina P. I. Konstantinov E. P. Malinina K. G. Rubinshtein 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(7):448-457
Presented is the review of the indices of weather condition comfort that are most frequently used in biometeorology. Described are practical and laboratory experiments carried out by the authors that helped deriving formulae for their computation as well as the limits of applicability of these indices. To assess the impact of changing weather conditions and their aggregate (biometeorological indices) on population health in different seasons, the data of medical statistics were used: on daily mortality of heart attacks in Murmansk (2001–2004), on daily mortality of coronary heart disease in Moscow (2007–2010), and on daily ambulance calls with the essential hypertension diagnosis in Kislovodsk (2006–2008). Determined are the indices having significant correlation with the data of medical statistics. Using the method of cross-correlation analysis of the daily series of ambulance calls and deaths, it was possible to identify the period of the response of the human organism with cardiovascular diseases to changing weather conditions during the warm and cold seasons. 相似文献
2.
应用盘锦市疾控中心2008年1月1日至2009年12月31日逐日脑血管病发病人数及同期逐日气象资料,采用相关分析、逐步回归等方法,分析了脑血管病与气象要素的关系,建立了逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型。结果表明：各类气象要素与未来3 d脑血管病发病人数滑动平均具有较好的相关性;气象因子对脑血管病发病人数的影响存在着一种滞后效应和持续效应;脑血管病发病人数与当日最低气温、平均气温、最低气压、平均风速、湿度、最大气温日较差等气象要素相关显著;不同的季节影响脑血管病发病人数的敏感气象因子不同,且相关关系差异较大。逐日脑血管病发病趋势的气象预报模型预报检验效果较好。 相似文献
3.
Crete Island is located in the southmost border of East Mediterranean basin, facing exacerbating atmospheric conditions (mainly concentrations of particulates) due to Saharan dust outbreaks. It is worth to note that these episodes are more frequent during spring and autumn, when mild biometeorological conditions become intolerable due to the synergy of the so called Föhn winds. Cretan mountains, especially Psiloritis Mt. (summit at 2456 m), are orientated perpendicularly to the southwest air mass flow, generating the Föhn winds. Propagating from the leeward of the mountains, these dry, hot winds have an effect on prevailing biometeorological conditions. While descending to the lowlands on the leeward side of the range, the wind becomes strong, gusty, and desiccating. This wind often lasts less than an hour to several days, with gradual weakening after the first or the second day. Sometimes, it stops very abruptly. In this work, the authors examined and analyzed the abrupt changes of human thermal perception within specific case studies during which Föhn winds appeared in Heraklion city at the leeward of Psiloritis Mt, associated with extreme Saharan dust episodes, observed within the period 2006–2010. In order to verify the development of Föhn winds, Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METARs, meteorological observations every half hour), were acquired from the Heraklion meteorological station installed by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS). The biometeorological conditions analyzed are based on human thermal bioclimatic indices such as the Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). METAR recordings of meteorological variables, such as air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and cloudiness, were used as input variables in modeling the aforementioned thermal indices, so that to interpret the grade of the thermo-physiological stress. The PET and UTCI analysis was performed by the use of the radiation and bioclimate model, “RayMan,” which is well-suited to calculate radiation fluxes and human biometeorological indices. The results of the performed analysis showed even an increase of air temperature from 20 to 30 °C within 5 h, associated with a decrease in the vapor pressure from 11.5 to 9.3 hPa. In addition, the wind speed at 10 m increased from 5.1 to 20.1 m/s, 3.7 to 14.3 m/s with respect to 1.1 m height, during the events of Föhn winds. The biometeorological analysis has given evidence that slight/moderate heat stress classes of the examined thermal indices appear during Saharan dust episodes. Such conditions are uncommon at the beginning of spring season, indicating that Saharan dust episodes are not only responsible for acute health impacts but also for adverse biometeorological conditions, due to the very likely development of Föhn winds towards the wider area of Heraklion, a coastal city in the eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
4.
5.
Human-biometeorological assessment of heat waves in Athens 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The goal of this study is the analysis of heat waves and their impact on humans, using human biometeorological indices, which are based on the energy balance of the human body. The implications for humans are not only described through the intensity of the heat waves, but also through their duration over consecutive days. Both intensity and duration were analyzed for the Greater Athens Area during the period 1955 to 2001. The analysis was carried out using the daily physiologically equivalent temperature and the daily minimum air temperature. Based on these two parameters, the results showed an increase in the average duration of heat waves. Furthermore, the use of the Gaussian filter revealed the intra-annual variation of heat stress conditions and their relevance to humans. The results could be used for the management of the negative consequences of heat waves in cities suffering from environmental pollution and also for climate impact studies. 相似文献
6.
北京地区冠心病发病率的气象评估模型 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于1984～2000年北京地区自然人群的长期、持续、跟踪监测的旬冠心病发病资料和同期日气象资料,通过分析揭示了冠心病发病率的季节变化规律和年际变化特点;通过发病率和气象因子的相关分析,确定了全年及各季、月可能诱发冠心病发病率的主要气象因子。结果表明,气压、风速、气温和水汽压等因子与发病率关系显著,从各个季节来说,气象因子对发病率的影响又各有侧重并具有不同的表现形式。建立了各代表月冠心病发病率的气象评估模型,历史回代和预测结果表明,所建方程具有较高的评估能力。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
利用相关统计法分析2006—2008年厦门市地面气象要素对空气污染指数变化的影响规律。结果表明：风速、气温、降水、相对湿度和水汽压对空气污染指数有显著负效应作用,气压起显著正效应作用;风向影响较为复杂, NNW-N-E-ESE风起正效应作用, SE-S-W风起负效应作用,厦门风向总体不利于空气质量提高,全年仅夏季盛行SE-S-W风。API指数与风向、气温、降水、气压、相对湿度和水汽压的季节变化规律有高相关性。API指数与气象要素中的水汽压关系最相关,其次是气压。 相似文献
11.
12.
从南宁、桂林、北海三城市空气质量自动监测站监测到二氧化硫(SO2),二氧化氮(NO2),可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的日均浓度数据计算的空气污染指数API得出:2003年三城市空气质量状况整体为 级"优"或 级"良",达到了国家环境保护总局对城市环境规定的标准,特别是桂林市的空气质量最好。对各种污染物月平均浓度值与地面气象要素关系进行相关分析,发现相关性非常好,其中与气压呈正相关,与气温、水汽压、相对湿度、降雨量、风速、0厘米地温等要素呈反相关。各种污染物日平均浓度值与地面风速相关也非常好。 相似文献
13.
I. S. Vasil’ev A. I. Vasil’ev Ya. I. Torgovkin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(3):170-176
The spatial distribution of long-term average air freezing and thawing indices in Yakutia was investigated using the data
of 156 meteorological stations located in this region. The regularities of variations of air freezing and thawing indices
are revealed depending on the impact of zonal, regional, and local environmental factors. The concrete correlations with the
latitude, longitude, and altitude are obtained. The effects of climatic processes and relief of regional and local levels
are estimated. Based on the revealed relationships, the 1 : 5000000-scale maps are plotted to demonstrate the spatial variations
of air freezing and thawing indices. 相似文献
14.
利用2009-2012年北京市467例中暑病例与同期9个气象要素资料和当日及前期1-4 d累积平均气象要素共45个气象因子,采用相关分析法分析北京夏季中暑发病人数与气象因子之间的关系|采用多元线性回归和非线性拟合方法构建了改进的北京中暑气象预报模型,选取拟合优度较好的模型对中暑人数进行回代及预测检验,并与现用模型进行对比。结果表明：气温是引发北京夏季中暑的决定性因子|气温、水汽压、气压及降水的两日累积效应均高于当日效应,表明气象要素的连续累积作用对人体中暑影响较大|建立的中暑预报模型具有较好的历史拟合及预测效果,中暑等级划分较合理,对北京市中暑气象等级预报服务和公众有效防范中暑有实际的指导意义。 相似文献
15.
The effect of air temperature and human thermal indices on mortality in Athens, Greece 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This paper investigates whether there is any association between the daily mortality for the wider region of Athens, Greece and the thermal conditions, for the 10-year period 1992–2001. The daily mortality datasets were acquired from the Hellenic Statistical Service and the daily meteorological datasets, concerning daily maximum and minimum air temperature, from the Hellinikon/Athens meteorological station, established at the headquarters of the Greek Meteorological Service. Besides, the daily values of the thermal indices Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) were evaluated in order to interpret the grade of physiological stress. The first step was the application of Pearson’s χ 2 test to the compiled contingency tables, resulting in that the probability of independence is zero (p?=?0.000); namely, mortality is in close relation to the air temperature and PET/UTCI. Furthermore, the findings extracted by the generalized linear models showed that, statistically significant relationships (p?<?0.01) between air temperature, PET, UTCI and mortality exist on the same day. More concretely, on one hand during the cold period (October–March), a 10°C decrease in daily maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, temperature range, PET and UTCI is related with an increase 13%, 15%, 2%, 7% and 6% of the probability having a death, respectively. On the other hand, during the warm period (April–September), a 10°C increase in daily maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, temperature range, PET and UTCI is related with an increase 3%, 1%, 10%, 3% and 5% of the probability having a death, respectively. Taking into consideration the time lag effect of the examined parameters on mortality, it was found that significant effects of 3-day lag during the cold period appears against 1-day lag during the warm period. In spite of the general aspect that cold conditions seem to be favourable factors for daily mortality, the air temperature and PET/UTCI exceedances over specific thresholds depending on the distribution reveal that, very hot conditions are risk factors for the daily mortality. 相似文献
16.
汾渭平原因其封闭的地形条件以及煤炭为主的能源结构,大气污染问题一直存在,并于2018年被列入大气污染防控的重点区域。文章利用2015年以来PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO、O3质量浓度的观测数据和空气质量指数（Air Quality Index,简称AQI）,分析了汾渭平原AQI及大气污染物质量浓度的时空分布特征;使用多元线性回归模型研究了气象条件对冬季PM2.5和夏季O3浓度日最大8 h滑动平均值（MDA8_O3）日变化和年际变化的影响。研究发现,汾渭平原的空气质量在2015～2017年间逐年变差,在2018～2019年有所好转,污染较重的城市为西安、渭南、咸阳、临汾、运城、三门峡、洛阳,集中在汾河平原与渭河平原交界处。汾渭平原的首要大气污染物多为PM2.5、PM10或O3,三者占比之和约90%。重污染时期主要集中在天气条件不利及污染物排放量大的冬季供暖期,但夏季O3浓度的升高趋势使得汾渭平原夏季污染情况越来越严重。影响汾渭平原冬季PM2.5浓度和夏季MDA8_O3日变化最主要的气象要素都是2 m高度气温（简称T2M）,相对贡献分别是45.5%、35.3%,都表现为正相关;第二主要的气象要素都是2 m相对湿度（简称RH2M）,相对贡献分别是41.5%（正相关）、25.4%（负相关）。影响汾渭平原冬季PM2.5浓度年际变化最主要的2个气象要素是T2M和RH2M,其相对贡献分别为43.6%、31.9%,且都呈正相关,2015～2019年汾渭平原冬季气象条件的变化会导致PM2.5浓度上升,部分削弱了人为减排导致的下降趋势（?8.3 μg m?3 a?1）。影响汾渭平原夏季MDA8_O3年际变化最主要的2个气象要素是T2M（正相关）和850 hPa风速（WS850,负相关）,其相对贡献分别为71.7%、16.3%。2015～2019年汾渭平原夏季气象条件的变化导致O3污染呈上升趋势（1.2 μg m?3 a?1）,但O3污染的总上升趋势（8.7 μg m?3 a?1）中,人为排放变化的贡献更大（7.5 μg m?3 a?1）。本研究表明,汾渭平原大气污染形势严峻,其颗粒物污染问题尚未解决,还面临着新的臭氧污染的挑战,汾渭平原内的11个地级市分属陕西、山西、河南三省管辖,三省交界处又是重污染区域,所以需要三省联合防治防控,协同改善汾渭平原的空气质量。 相似文献
17.
采用1999—2008年德州市人民医院高血压发病人数入院资料和德州市地面气象资料,应用逐步回归方法,分别建立四季的高血压发病人数与气象条件及其变化的线性回归关系模型,借鉴生活气象指数、医疗气象学等研究方法,利用聚类分析法将德州市高血压病发病等级划分为4级,从而预测每个季节德州市高血压的发生程度。结果表明：德州市高血压发病与气压、气温关系密切;大雾主要对冬季高血压发病有影响,冬季出现大雾,尤其出现连续性大雾时,高血压发病等级增高,大雾对其他季节高血压发病影响较小;高血压发病等级与日照时数呈负相关。秋冬季连续阴天寡照,高血压发病等级增高。 相似文献
18.
利用武汉市1994～2006年共13年1464个中暑病例资料和同期逐日气象资料,分别统计逐日中暑人数、日平均中暑人数与气象因子的线性、非线性相关系数,筛选出关键气象因子,建立中暑与多气象因子的非线性模型,制订中暑气象等级标准.结果表明:气温是中暑发生的最关键影响因子,不利气象因子3天或3天以上的累积效应才能导致中暑群发,中暑人数与气象因子呈现非线性关系.建立了日平均中暑人数与前3日平均气温、前3 日平均最小相对湿度的指数模型.将日平均中暑人数划分为5级,并应用该等级标准进行历史样本同代检验和独立样本预报检验,效果较好. 相似文献
19.
根据1997—2007年11a石河子气象站7—8月份的逐日最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、降水量、日照时数、总云量资料以及棉花桃数的资料,进行详细的分析,阐述了新疆石河子棉花红叶茎枯病的发生与气温、降水和相对湿度、光照特点的关系,并提出了该病发生的气象指标。 相似文献
20.
The variability noticed in fair weather atmospheric electric field (AEF) recorded at Yangbajin (YBJ, 90°31′50″E, 30°06′38″N), a continental station located at Tibet Plateau, China, during the period 2006–2011, has been examined firstly in relation to the variations of three selected local meteorological parameters. Secondly, a test has been carried out for a hypothesis that numerical reduction on the variations of fair weather AEF data according to the meteorological parameters like air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, could weaken its meteorological effect and thus help to study the variations of AEF. The reduction effectively suppresses the annual variation, but the shape of the diurnal variation remains the same, and is widely different from the Carnegie Curve. Finally, the seasonal effects of diurnal variations are analyzed. The most distinctive characteristics of the fair weather AEF here is that the pattern of diurnal variations exhibits a double fluctuation, which is modulated by the sunrise and sunset effect. The phase of the diurnal curve has a little shift with seasons. 相似文献