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《国际地震动态》2016,(3)
随着强震动观测技术的发展,强震动观测数据的累积推动了结构抗震设计理论的发展。目前,在许多国家的抗震规范中都将结构动态时程分析方法列为静态设计方法的必要补充,但对于高层建筑、大跨结构等特殊结构形式及重要建设工程,要求强制使用动态时程分析方法。我国结构抗震设计规范及相关标准关于强震动记录选取的规定过于笼统,结构设计人员在面对大量强震动记录数据时缺乏明确的选取依据。本文搜集整理了国内外现有强震动记录数据,通过对地震参数的统计,提出基于场地类型的改进反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式,并将其应用于条件均值反应谱(conditions mean spectrum,CMS)的建立。同时,本文基于地震动衰减关系建立地震信息与抗震设计参数的对应关系,将其作为匹配规范标准谱选波方法的筛选依据,进而明确了抗震规范中强震动记录选取的初选条件。研究中发现,规范标准谱不宜作为谱形匹配选取强震动记录的目标谱,因此,提出两种建立合理目标谱的方法:一是基于地震动衰减关系建立PGA目标谱;另一是基于地震参数建立EPA均值目标谱。最后探讨了在地震安全性评价工作中实际强震动记录的选取及应用。本文主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)通过对20 000余条强震动记录的地震动参数进行分析,发现记录的加速度、速度及位移峰值和反应谱谱值的相关系数的分界周期点随着场地条件而变化,并提出基于场地类别改进反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式。改进后的反应谱谱值相关系数经验公式改善了目标谱的场地特征,使其更符合场地条件的要求。(2)针对抗震设计规范中关于强震动记录选取的相关条款,提出强震动记录选取的基本原则和具体方法,为完善相关规定提供参考依据。针对一般建设工程,依据地震动加速度峰值(PGA)衰减关系,提出同等设防PGA目标值对应的地震参数范围,建立断层距和地震设计分组的对应关系,进而确定强震动记录选取的初选条件。讨论了结构响应和强震动记录反应谱谱值的关系,以典型框架结构为例确定匹配周期范围。结构位移反应与强震记录反应谱相关性分析表明,两者在结构自振周期前后相关关系最为显著,距离自振周期越远的反应谱值与结构反应的相关系数越小。基于以上分析,建立了选取强震记录的基本原则:以距离和场地条件作为强震动记录选取第一限制条件。根据结构自振周期确定匹配规范标准目标谱周期范围,建议的匹配周期范围为0.4T1~1.5T1,最后由实际记录与规范标准谱在匹配周期范围内的均方差由小到大的顺序选取记录,记录的放缩系数限定在0.2~4.0之间。(3)本文基于地震动衰减关系,建立PGA目标谱并匹配目标分布的强震动记录的选取方法。对于未进行地震安全性评价,无法提出地震参数的一般建筑工程拟建场地,先利用PGA衰减关系,确定同等PGA目标值下的震级和距离,再代入加速度反应谱衰减关系,确定与PGA目标值对应的反应谱即为PGA目标谱。PGA目标谱不仅是确定的均值谱,而且具有概率含义。PGA目标谱的分布及概率特性反应了地震动的不确定性,进而为结构反应的离散性提供了一个合理的参考范围。(4)本文按场地条件和断层距将现有强震动记录数据分组,建立EPA均值目标谱。通过将EPA均值谱、PGA目标谱和规范标准谱进行比较,EPA均值谱与PGA目标谱谱形相似均具有良好谱形,匹配效果优于规范标准谱。建议规范标准谱作为强震记录选取的目标谱时,需要:(1)增加特征周期;(2)减小地震设计分组1、2组,场地类型为I类场地和II类场地的中长周期段反应谱值。(5)探讨了地震安全性评价工作中强震动记录的选取,结合不同等级的工程场地地震安全性评价,提出与之相适应的强震记录选取的基本方法及原则,建议如下:(1)I级安评的工程场地,采取基于设定地震的强震动记录选取方法。首先根据设定地震确定地震参数的初选条件,然后以场地设计谱作为目标谱,匹配场地设计谱选取记录。(2)II级和III级安评的工程场地,采取建立条件均值目标谱的方法。即以场地设计谱上结构特征周期点对应的加速度反应谱值为条件,利用设定地震的震级和距离等基于加速度反应谱衰减关系建立条件均值目标谱,并采取匹配条件均值目标谱分布的方法选取强震动记录。(3)Ⅳ级安评的工程场地,根据目标PGA值,采取PGA目标谱的方法选取强震动记录。 相似文献
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余震是由主震孕育而来,两者之间存在着一定的关联性,如何构造主余震型地震动模型,是工程结构抗震分析的基础。着眼于地震动的工程特性,根据主余震之间的峰值加速度、强震持时、场地卓越频率等要素,分别建立主震和余震自身的演变功率谱模型,基于非平稳随机过程的谱表示,通过引入随机函数降维模拟方法,实现仅用三个基本随机变量即可精确模拟主余震型地震动过程。研究表明,采用该降维模拟方法的效率和精度均满足工程需求,且与实测主余震型地震动记录的反应谱和幅值谱拟合一致,验证该模型与方法的优越性,为工程结构在主余震型随机地震作用下的抗震分析提供有效途径。 相似文献
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随着强震台网的密布及观测记录的增加,为研究各类局部场地地震反应预测模型的合理性提供了有效的参考依据,也使利用强震记录及场地条件研究地震动特征成为可能。选取场地地质参数资料和地震记录数据齐全的日本小田原（Ashigara Valley）盲测试验场地,通过对比不同地震动输入方式及场地反应分析模型,研究地震动特征,分析现有模型的优劣。基于1990年8月5日M5.1强震事件的地表基岩记录和地下基岩地震记录,采用地下台强震记录直接输入、地表基岩台强震记录减半为基底地震动输入、地表基岩台强震记录反演为基底地震动输入作为3种基岩地震动输入。基于局部场地条件分别建立一维等效线性模型、二维黏弹性模型及二维时域等效线性化模型等工程中常用的场地数值分析模型,进行局部场地地震反应分析,预测该盲测场地的地表地震动特征,并与对应的实测强震记录结果进行对比,分析不同基岩地震动输入方式对预测地震动特征及地表土层反应谱特征的影响,重点分析地震动输入、土体非线性、场地横向不均匀性及几何与非线性特征共同作用等因素对地表地震动特征的影响,以期为地表地震动的合理预测提供参考。 相似文献
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在总结回顾具有同一统计特征非平稳地震动过程模拟的研究基础上, 提出了一个模拟产生与某个给定地震动记录具有同一统计特征[CD2]时变功率谱的非平稳地震动过程的方法. 方法具有如下一些特点: 模拟产生的样本过程在幅值上和频率上均是非平稳的, 幅值和频率的非平稳性均取决于目标时变功率谱; 任意一个样本过程的时变功率谱未必符合目标谱, 但在统计意义上却严格符合目标谱. 最后, 论文以Landers地震的一个加速度记录为例对方法进行了验证. 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》2018,(12)
近年来,我国强震动观测记录数据库有了大幅扩充,一定程度上满足了重大工程抗震设防对宽频带地震动输入的迫切需求。然而,对于地震频发、强震动观测记录少的地区,宽频带地震动的数值模拟仍是确定合理地震动输入的重要途径。北天山地区是新疆经济社会发展的核心区域,现有强震动观测记录难以满足该区重大建设工程的抗震设防需求。研究构建考虑北天山地区震源机制、地质构造以及场地特征的宽频带地震动模拟方法对于高地震风险的北天山地区具有重要工程应用价值。宽频带地震动模拟方法由具有强区域特征的高频地震动随机模拟方法及基于求解无限域波动问题的低频地震动模拟方法组成。本文围绕北天山宽频带地震动模拟方法构建中的关键问题展开研究:针对高频地震动模拟,主要研究中小震震源模型的构建及非平稳地震动合成所需的群速度模型;针对低频地震动模拟,主要研究无限域波动数值模拟中高精度人工边界的构建,以尽可能缩小模拟工作区和提高计算效率。取得的研究成果如下:(1)北天山地区震源和路径传播模型构建。利用该地区2009—2015年843个M_L≥3.0地震记录,采用多台多地震联合反演方法建立了该地区的路径衰减、台站场地响应以及震源谱模型。结果表明,北天山地区中小震震源谱具有分段特性:4级以下地震的震源谱与引入震源谱高频衰减因子(κ=0.003)的Brune模型在统计意义上基本一致,4级以上地震的震源谱逐渐偏离Brune模型,呈现较为明显的双拐角频率特性;另外,震源谱存在分区差异,库拜盆地、塔里木盆地内地震的震源谱在高频段衰减更为显著。(2)北天山地区等效群速度模型构建。在已有基于等效群速度模型合成地震动的工作基础上,引入震相微分计算方法改进了等效群速度的计算方法;提出应用测震记录P波到时构建最快波群速度模型,分析了最快波群速度选取对等效群速度模型构建的影响;基于北天山地区的强震动观测记录,统计得到该地区的等效群速度模型。等效群速度模型引入到高频随机模拟方法的算例结果表明,基于等效群速度模型考虑地震动非平稳特征可给出更为合理的地震动模拟结果,对于面波发育的深厚覆盖层场地影响尤为突出。(3)高精度人工边界条件完美匹配层构建。完美匹配层内场方程和界面条件通常分别采用复坐标延伸技术变换强形式无限域内波动方程和界面条件得到,其构建过程相互独立,可能出现匹配不合理而引发的数值失稳、计算精度低下等问题。为此提出采用复坐标延伸技术变换弱形式无限域波动方程以构建完美匹配层的方法。弱形式波动方程耦合了波动方程及界面条件,规避了变换后所得场方程与界面条件的匹配不合理问题。新方法可直接给出弱形式匹配层,结合勒让德谱元建立了弹性介质近场波动谱元模拟方案。利用算例验证了新方案的精度及数值稳定性。(4)新源—和静6.6级地震地震动场的数值模拟。2012年6月30日新源—和静地震是北天山地区近50年来发生的最大地震,测震及强震动观测记录均较为丰富。本文应用反演所得滑动分布和随机滑动分布分别拟合了强震动台站的地震动时程,对比分析了拟合反应谱与观测记录反应谱的差异性;模拟了该地震的烈度分布图,分析其与实际调查烈度图和基于新疆常用地震烈度衰减关系计算的烈度图之间的差异,探讨了破坏性地震发生后应用高频随机有限断层方法生成地震烈度分布图的可行性。 相似文献
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基于甘肃文县获得的汶川地震强余震记录分析和FLAC3D软件模拟场地地震反应的方法研究了地形条件对地震动的影响.首先结合文县流动地震台强余震记录,分析了文县山包场地的地震动分布特征;其次对该山包进行了地形测量、地震勘探和土样采取,根据实测资料建立了FLAC3D三维场地数值模型,采用实际基岩记录输入,研究了山包不同部位地震动的分布特征.研究表明:数值计算与观测的结果在一定频段范围内有较好一致性;其时域峰值加速度放大比接近,反应谱谱比结果放大趋势一致,1 ～10Hz的地震动放大最明显;FLAC3D软件能够有效地模拟三维场地的地震反应. 相似文献
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震害资料显示,场地条件对地震动特性以及工程结构破坏程度影响显著。为减少因场地效应而造成的经济损失和社会影响,在进行场地地震反应分析时,需最大限度地减小因场地土层模型参数的不确定性引起的地震动评估偏差,为工程结构地震反应分析选取并生成适当的地震动输入。随着强震动观测技术的逐渐发展,大量可靠的钻井台阵记录为地震过程中场地观测点的动力反应提供了直接数据。以美国加州地区La Cienega钻井台阵强震动观测数据为基础,利用互相关函数,对不同强度地震作用下场地土层的平均剪切波速进行分析,并在此基础上,以Cyclic 1D为模拟平台,建立一维自由场地地震反应有限元分析模型。分析结果表明：通过钻井台阵地震动观测数据识别,得到场地平均剪切波速,能够反映该场地的动力特性,数值模拟计算结果和台阵地震动记录基本吻合,可为数值模型参数选取提供依据。 相似文献
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2021年5月21日云南省大理州漾濞县发生MS6.4 地震,震中附近遭受了强烈地震破坏.为预测此次地震的地震动影响场,利用震源运动学破裂随机模型,基于随机有限断层三维地震动模拟方法,给出了此次地震中 28个触发强震动台站的三分量加速度时程模拟记录,并结合强震动观测记录,估计了此次地震的地震应力降及震源破裂过程,进一步模拟给出了此次地震中 2823 个虚拟观测点的三分量加速度时程.结果表明,模拟记录的峰值地面加速度(PGA)、峰值地面速度(PGV)与观测值接近,并体现了地震动峰值的衰减规律、近场饱和效应和破裂方向性效应;模拟与观测记录的 5%阻尼比拟加速度反应谱(PSA)的幅值接近、谱形相似,在0.05～10 s周期段,模拟记录可以很好地预测地震动.基于三分量模拟记录给出了漾濞MS 6.4 地震的仪器测定地震烈度图,与云南省地震局发布的烈度图接近,极震区烈度最高可达Ⅷ度,震源破裂方向性导致震中 SE方向的烈度普遍高于 NW方向,受局部场地条件影响沿洱海西侧出现高烈度异常区. 相似文献
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Influence of time‐varying frequency content in earthquake ground motions on seismic response of linear elastic systems 
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下载免费PDF全文 Earthquake ground motion records are nonstationary in both amplitude and frequency content. However, the latter nonstationarity is typically neglected mainly for the sake of mathematical simplicity. To study the stochastic effects of the time‐varying frequency content of earthquake ground motions on the seismic response of structural systems, a pair of closely related stochastic ground motion models is adopted here. The first model (referred to as ground motion model I) corresponds to a fully nonstationary stochastic earthquake ground motion model previously developed by the authors. The second model (referred to as ground motion model II) is nonstationary in amplitude only and is derived from the first model. Ground motion models I and II have the same mean‐square function and global frequency content but different features of time variation in the frequency content, in that no time variation of the frequency content exists in ground motion model II. New explicit closed‐form solutions are derived for the response of linear elastic SDOF and MDOF systems subjected to stochastic ground motion model II. New analytical solutions for the evolutionary cross‐correlation and cross‐PSD functions between the ground motion input and the structural response are also derived for linear systems subjected to ground motion model I. Comparative analytical results are presented to quantify the effects of the time‐varying frequency content of earthquake ground motions on the structural response of linear elastic systems. It is found that the time‐varying frequency content in the seismic input can have significant effects on the stochastic properties of system response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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利用数字化速度记录仿真加速度时程与合成场地设计地震波 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究利用测震台网数字化宽频带速度型记录仿真加速度时程,并通过提取其相位信息和拟合场地设计反应谱(目标谱)的方法来获得场地设计地震波的有关技术途径与应用实例,所提供的具体算式采用便于编程和利用快速傅氏变换(FFT)技术进行计算的离散化傅氏正逆变换的复数表达式。有关研究结果可拓宽现有地震观测资料的使用价值,减少地面运动模拟中人造地震波与原始地震记录存在的差异,并可使所合成的设计地震波满足给定的目标谱,且能较好地反映其非平稳性特征,因此在地震工程中具有实际的应用价值。 相似文献
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A method for generating a suite of synthetic ground motion time‐histories for specified earthquake and site characteristics defining a design scenario is presented. The method employs a parameterized stochastic model that is based on a modulated, filtered white‐noise process. The model parameters characterize the evolving intensity, predominant frequency, and bandwidth of the acceleration time‐history, and can be identified by matching the statistics of the model to the statistics of a target‐recorded accelerogram. Sample ‘observations’ of the parameters are obtained by fitting the model to a subset of the NGA database for far‐field strong ground motion records on firm ground. Using this sample, predictive equations are developed for the model parameters in terms of the faulting mechanism, earthquake magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, and the site shear‐wave velocity. For any specified set of these earthquake and site characteristics, sets of the model parameters are generated, which are in turn used in the stochastic model to generate the ensemble of synthetic ground motions. The resulting synthetic acceleration as well as corresponding velocity and displacement time‐histories capture the main features of real earthquake ground motions, including the intensity, duration, spectral content, and peak values. Furthermore, the statistics of their resulting elastic response spectra closely agree with both the median and the variability of response spectra of recorded ground motions, as reflected in the existing prediction equations based on the NGA database. The proposed method can be used in seismic design and analysis in conjunction with or instead of recorded ground motions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with modeling earthquake-induced ground accelerations and the simulation of the dynamic response of linear structures through the principles of stochastic dynamics. A fully evolutionary approach, with nonstationarity both in amplitude and in frequency content, is proposed in order to define the seismic action, based on seismological information in the form of a small number of input parameters commonly available in deterministic or probabilistic seismic design situations. The signal is obtained by filtering a Gaussian white-noise. The finite duration and time-varying amplitude properties are obtained by using a suitable envelope function. By utilizing a subset of the records from the PEER-NGA strong-motion database, and time-series analysis tools extended to nonstationary processes, the key transfer-function properties, in terms of circular frequency, damping ratio and spectral intensity factor, are identified. A regression analysis is conducted for practical and flexible application of this model, in order to empirically relate the identified time-varying parameters of the filter to the characteristics defining earthquake scenarios such as magnitude, rupture distance and soil type. A validation study and a parametric investigation using elastic response spectra is also included. Results show that the final seismic model can reproduce, with satisfactory accuracy, the characteristics of acceleration records in a region, over a broad range of response periods. 相似文献
15.
In nonlinear dynamic structural analysis, a suite of pulse-like ground motions is required for the performance-based design of structures near active faults. The dissimilarity in the amplitude and frequency content of the earthquake time series referred to nonstationary properties in temporal and spectral, respectively. An approach is proposed based on the nonstationary properties of the far-field records and the seismological information in an event for simulating pulse-like records. The pulse-like earthquake time history is estimated via the superposition of the residual part of the earthquake with the estimated pulse. The wavelet-based Hilbert transform is utilized to characterize the nonstationary properties, the instantaneous amplitude, and frequencies of far-field records to model residual part. The effects of near-fault and pulse are estimated based on the seismological properties of the region. The validation of the procedure is indicated by comparing simulated time-series, response spectra, and Arias intensity with recorded pulse-like records in two different earthquakes in California; the Mw 6.7 1994 Northridge and the Mw 6.5 1979 Imperial valley.
相似文献16.
This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of layered soft clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Centrifuge modeling is a valuable tool used to study the response of geotechnical structures to infrequent or extreme events
such as earthquakes. A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted at 80g using an electro-hydraulic earthquake simulator mounted on the C-CORE geotechnical centrifuge to study the dynamic response
of soft soils and seismic soil–structure interaction (SSI). The acceleration records at different locations within the soil
bed and at its surface along with the settlement records at the surface were used to analyze the soft soil seismic response.
In addition, the records of acceleration at the surface of a foundation model partially embedded in the soil were used to
investigate the seismic SSI. Centrifuge data was used to evaluate the variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear
strain amplitude and confining pressure, and to assess their effects on site response. Site response analysis using the measured
shear wave velocity, estimated modulus reduction and damping ratio as input parameters produced good agreement with the measured
site response. A spectral analysis of the results showed that the stiffness of the soil deposits had a significant effect
on the characteristics of the input motions and the overall behavior of the structure. The peak surface acceleration measured
in the centrifuge was significantly amplified, especially for low amplitude base acceleration. The amplification of the earthquake
shaking as well as the frequency of the response spectra decreased with increasing earthquake intensity. The results clearly
demonstrate that the layering system has to be considered, and not just the average shear wave velocity, when evaluating the
local site effects. 相似文献
18.
19.
Study on strength reduction factors considering the effect of classification of design earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The strength reduction factor is defined as the lateral yielding strength required to avoid yielding in the system when subjected to a given ground motion, to the lateral yielding strength required to maintain the displacement ductility ratio demand equal to a pre-determined target duc-tility ratio under the same ground motion. The strength reduction factors are not only the key fac-tors in determining seismic action for force-based seismic design, but also one of the key parame-t… 相似文献