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以铁铝双金属离子低聚物为交联剂,制备了Fe/Al交联改性膨润土(MB),用于处理含偶氮染料的废水。通过改变吸附时间、pH和甲基橙废水浓度及掺加共存无机阴离子等因素,研究了MB对甲基橙的脱色效果。结果表明,改性后的膨润土吸附能力显著增强,对甲基橙有较好的吸附脱色性能。当材料用量0.0200 g,处理甲基橙废水20 mL,废水pH值小于4,处理时间2 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达95%。其吸附甲基橙的过程符合Fre-undlich等温吸附模式,对甲基橙的最大饱和吸附容量为384 mg/g。我国膨润土储量大、价格低,以Fe/Al交联剂为改性剂对天然膨润土进行了改性,得到的MB材料是一类很好的环境友好型吸附剂。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要矿物的"万能"黏土,蒙脱石属2:1型八面体矿物,其结构单元层由两层[Si O4]四面体片夹一层[Al O6]八面体片组成。由于层间作用较弱,易于剥离分散。目前合成介孔分子筛MCM-41一般采用有机表明活性剂和硅源来制备。但以有机硅源为原料,不仅成本高而且毒性大,还会限制介孔分子筛的应用推广。新疆膨润土矿产资源丰富、储量大、品质优,更以非常优质的钠基膨润土而得到专家学者的广泛关注。Cr(Ⅵ)作为一种重金属离子,广泛应用在涂料、纺织、电镀和冶金等行业产生的废水中,有效去除废水中污染物的此类重金属一直是环境保护领域关注的热点问题之一。本文以新疆膨润土为原料,采用水热法合成MCM-41、Fe-MCM-41。用于污染水体中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,系统地研究了介孔分子筛MCM-41、Fe-MCM-41的吸附行为,并对Fe-MCM-41和MCM-41的性质进行了对比研究。采用XRD、TEM、BET、Zeta电位对样品进行了表征。将介孔分子筛MCM-41、Fe-MCM-41应用于水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附,研究了吸附剂用量、初始浓度、p H对分子筛吸附性能的影响,结果表明,增加吸附剂用量,控制体系p H值及初始浓度的变化有利于Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附。 相似文献
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阳离子染料是纺织印染工业中重要的染色原料之一,它对晴纶织品着色具有特殊的效果。着色后的染色废水呈酸性(pH=4～4.5),具色度大(平均为500倍左右,黑、大红等深色废水色度更高)、悬浮物小等特点。资料表明,对阳离子废水采用生化、物化或化学凝聚法处理都难以达到较理想的脱色效果。膨膨土有对阳离子交换量高的特点,在阳离子黑色(604~#)染料自配废水中,加入膨润土吸附染化料的显色剂中的色基盐,生成难溶或溶解度小的物质沉淀,达到对废水的脱色目的。 1.材料与方法 (1)采集贵州、浙江两地产膨润土为试验材料,粉碎至100目以下,各以250、500、1000mg称重分包待用。(2)配制浓度为2％的PAC溶液和1‰的PAM溶 相似文献
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壳聚糖和PDMDAAC改性膨润土用于处理含油废水的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
含油废水污染范围广,对人类和生态环境危害大。采用常规方法(如浮选法、絮凝法、电化学法、膜分离法和生物法)处理的除油率不高于91%,成本较高,因此急需开发一种高效低廉的吸附剂。膨润土是一种优良的吸附剂,但用其直接处理含油废水的效果较低。本文选用壳聚糖和PDMDAAC两种有机物作为改性剂,对钠基膨润土改性,使膨润土能有效地处理含油废水。通过实验比较了两种有机改性膨润土处理含油废水的最佳去除条件,探讨了表征对其吸附性能的影响。去油效果结果表明:壳聚糖改性膨润土的除油率可达87.8%,PDMDAAC改性膨润土的除油率可达89.3%,处理所需时间少于15 min;除油效率和处理时间都优于常规方法。吸附性能表征结果显示,两种改性剂均以负载的方式和钠基膨润土颗粒结合,吸附性能良好;相比而言,PDMDAAC改性膨润土的处理效果比壳聚糖改性膨润土更好。PDMDAAC应用于含油废水的处理,具有成本低、效率高、操作简单的特点,在含油废水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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研究了水滑石(LDH)及其焙烧产物(LDO)吸附脱除水溶液中活性深蓝ST-2GLN的性能。考察了pH值、吸附剂投加量、时间等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN染料具有良好的脱除效果,室温下,1 g/L的LDH和0.5 g/L的LDO对浓度为100 mg/L的染料的脱色率分别达到96.11%和98.58%。pH值是影响吸附能力的关键因素,吸附剂对溶液pH值有一定缓冲作用。LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN吸附结果均符合Langmuir吸附等温式。饱和吸附后的LDH用高温热解法再生,再生产物吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(2)
为研究不同产地埃洛石对阴、阳离子型染料的吸附性能差异,以产自山西临汾、四川广元、湖北丹江口的天然管状埃洛石作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝,以及有机硅烷接枝改性的湖北埃洛石作为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂进行实验研究。结果表明,天然埃洛石带有负电荷,适合作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝的吸附剂,其最大吸附量约为90 mg/g,吸附符合准二级动力学模型。埃洛石的微结构(零电荷点pH、表面位密度、孔结构等)对其吸附性能产生直接制约作用。有机硅烷接枝改性将埃洛石表面电荷调控为正电荷,将其开发为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂(需调节溶液pH=2),其最大吸附量为80 mg/g。 相似文献
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利用锰氧化物具有高的吸附与氧化还原化学活性的特点,研究了采自东太平洋的铁锰结核对阳离子染料次甲基蓝氧化性脱色特征。结果表明,铁锰结核表面的非均相氧化是次甲基蓝脱色的主要机制。在通常的染料废水浓度范围内,铁锰结核可有效地对次甲基蓝染料废水氧化脱色。随染料浓度降低,铁锰结核投放量增加和粒度减小,次甲基蓝的脱色率明显提高。次甲基蓝的矿化程度(TOC去除率)较高,但仍低于脱色率。pH对次甲基蓝脱色的影响主要体现在对表面配位体形成和对体系还原电位的影响,当pH<4.0时,脱色率随酸度的增加明显提高;当pH在4.0~10.0时,溶液pH值对脱色率影响有限。在铁锰结核连续循环体系中,溶解Mn2 浓度和pH的增加是脱色率不断下降的主要原因。 相似文献
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叶玲 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(2):121-124
为利用膨润土的层间活性有效提高其吸附性能，用各种方法合成金属钛的聚合体，并引入膨润土层间进行改性，研究了合成方法、条件等对膨润土结构、性能的影响，并以红色染料模拟有机废水探讨其吸附性。结果表明，聚合体的合成方法、浓度及介质的pH等条件对改性膨润土的结构和性能均有影响。用Ti在层间水解生成聚合体的合成方法能够有效地改性膨润土、增大层间距、提高其吸附性。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献