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卤虫繁殖机制的研究——Ⅰ.卵子发育过程中染色体的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以卤虫的生殖细胞卵子作为材料进行染色体标本制备,具体研究了卤虫卵子在发育过程中染色体的变化,探讨致使孤雌生殖卤虫染色体自然加倍的可能途径,以及两性生殖卤虫卵子发生受精的具体地点。 相似文献
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利用盐田卤水池塘养殖卤虫的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1988年和1989年,作者在山东省盐场利用盐田卤水池进行了卤虫池塘养殖的研究。研究内容包括微藻培养试验、卤虫群体生长能力试验和间捕法养殖卤虫试验。通过试验在6个投饵池塘获得的鲜活卤虫产量为423.5—551.0公斤/亩(平均491.6公斤/亩),在4个不投饵池塘获得的产量为240.5—299.5公斤/亩(平均272.3公斤/亩)。本文报告了以上三个试验的内容和结果,并对卤虫养殖中出现的几个问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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甲藻孢囊研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
孢囊的形成是某些海洋甲藻生活史中的重要阶段,尤其是甲藻在不良环境条件下使个体度过逆境的阶段,它对种群的保存和延续有重要的意义.孢囊被普遍认为是赤潮发生的"种源"以及外来种类的主要来源之一,它对赤潮的发生、延续和消亡过程有着重要的作用.大多数的甲藻孢囊具有含孢粉类似物的抗性细胞壁,可以长期保存在底部的沉积物中,所以被广泛地应用于中世纪以来的沉积物生物地层学和古生态学的考察中.对甲藻孢囊的研究,目前是海洋生态学、海洋地质学、海洋环境学的研究热点.本文阐述了国内外近些年来对甲藻孢囊研究的主要进展,内容主要集中在甲藻孢囊的研究方法、形态分类、空间分布、原位动力学以及孢囊与海洋环境关系方面的研究. 相似文献
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In a grid investigation, dinoflagellate cysts were collected from sediments in Xiamen Western Harbor in May of 2000, from which five species of cysts were identified: Alexandrium tamarensis, A. minutum, Lingulodinium polyedra, Gonyaulax scrippsae and Gymnodinium catenatum, account for about 21% in the species composition. The quanti-tative analysis of the sediments shows that the number of dinoflagellate cysts varies from 51 to 256 cysts/g of sediment, the highest value (>200 cysts/g) being recorded at the stations of the central part of the bay, while the lowest (<100 cysts/g) at the bay mouth. A good linear relationship is found between cyst amount and fine-grained sediments. Complex physiognomies on the seabed, topographty in the bay and weak water exchange are the main factors not only in cyst accumulation but also in their distribution pattern, and have resulted in the difference in cyst densities between the inner bay and the outer bay in the harbor. 相似文献
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In a grid investigation, dinoflagellate cysts were collected from sediments in Xiamen Western Harbor in May of 2000,from which five species of cysts were identified: Alexandrium tamarensis, A. minutum, Lingulodinium polyedra,Gonyaulax scrippsae and Gymnodinium catenatum, account for about 21% in the species composition. The quantitative analysis of the sediments shows that the number of dinoflagellate cysts varies from 51 to 256 cysts/g of sediment, the highest value (>200 cysts/g) being recorded at the stations of the central part of the bay, while the lowest (＜100 cysts/g) at the bay mouth. A good linear relationship is found between cyst amount and fine-grained sediments. Complex physiognomies on the seabed, topographty in the bay and weak water exchange are the main factors not only in cyst accumulation but also in their distribution pattern, and have resulted in the difference in cyst densities between the inner bay and the outer bay in the harbor. 相似文献
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本文提出运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对我国山东半岛几个盐场中的卤虫的十一种同工酶变异进行分析。其中三种同工酶,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),以及四唑氧化酶(TO),表现为多态酶,并且存在盐场内和盐场间的相对变异。该项技术将有助于基础科学的研究以及在水产养殖中用来筛选和辨别卤虫的不同品系。 相似文献
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研究了对虾产量和各种饵料投饵量的关系,采用联列方程求得各种饵料的投饵系数:花生饼及豆饼4.68,配合饵料4.34,虾糠6.00;鲜杂鱼虾10.27,卤虫15.50,蓝蛤27.55;肌蛤28.55,菲律宾蛤35.00,贻贝40.00,其它7.02。 相似文献
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舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊种群结构的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解商船压舱箱沉积物在海洋水生生物入侵过程中扮演的潜在媒介作用,本文利用光学显微镜观察法,研究了停泊于我国舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类组成、孢囊密度、香农-威纳指数(H′)和PSP原因种,并对甲藻孢囊种群结构进行了相关性分析。结果表明,鉴定出的甲藻孢囊隶属于5大类,共24种,4份样品中甲藻孢囊的种群结构各有差异,但均检测出能产生麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisons,PSP)的甲藻孢囊,如亚历山大藻Alexandriumspp.和链状裸甲藻Gymnodium catenatum。在4艘商船的压舱箱沉积物中均检测出有硅藻分布,其中在富成轮压舱箱沉积物中还检测出3种未知种孢囊。通过相关性分析可知,甲藻孢囊H′值与PSP甲藻孢囊密度占总甲藻孢囊密度的比率呈负相关。甲藻可以通过商船压舱箱沉积物为传播媒介,以孢囊形式来扩大其生物地理分布,提高甲藻物种多样性可有助于降低PSP甲藻的破坏风险。因此,有效处理船只压舱箱沉积物、积极保护当地海洋生物物种多样性,对于降低外来甲藻物种(特别是一些有毒有害种)的赤潮风险和保持当地海洋生态系统的平衡,具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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《Marine Geology》2001,172(3-4):181-195
In the reconstruction of bioproductivity in surface waters the extent to which a proxy has been diagenetically altered is often a matter of debate. Here we investigate how organic- and calcareous-walled dinoflagellate cysts can be used for separately estimating bioproductivity and oxygen related diagenesis. This is achieved by studying the cyst content of the most recent Eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1, that is thought to have been deposited under conditions of increased primary production in surface waters and possible anoxia in the bottom waters. Based on chemical evidence, it has been shown that the visible sapropelic layer represents only the residual lower part of what was initially a much thicker sapropel, as a result of post-depositional decay of organic matter related to oxygen penetration into the sediments. The effect of aerobic organic matter decay on the cyst associations is studied through the comparison of the unaffected, lower part of the initial sapropel and the ‘oxidised’ upper part. Comparing the unaffected sapropelic sediments with pre- and post-sapropelic material gives insight into the relationship between fossil cysts assemblages and palaeoproductivity.Impagidinium aculeatum, Impagidinium patulum, Operculodinium israelianum, Polysphaeridium zoharyi and probably Impagidinium spp., Impagidinium paradoxum and Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus are very resistant against aerobic decay and their accumulation rates appear to be primarily related to productivity in surface waters. Protoperidinium and Echinidinium species, on the other hand, are shown to be very sensitive and can be used to recognise oxygen-related decay. The calcareous-walled dinoflagellate cysts seem to be unaffected by oxic organic matter decay in Mediterranean sediments. 相似文献
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激光粒度分析与传统粒度分析方法相关对比 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对 4 1个样品的激光法与传统法 (筛析部分—沉析部分 )的粒度分析成果 (粒级百分含量、粒度参数和海陆相样品的粒度成果 )作了相关对比。找出 2种分析方法之间的内在联系 ,以期在将来的粒度分析中 ,可以通过参数矫正来实现 2法的数据转换。从分析可知 ,海陆相沉积对样品的影响很小。 2种方法的原理不同 ,从而产生了激光法低估粘土部分百分含量的结果 相似文献
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Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Yellow Sea sediments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To investigate the distribution,abundance,and species composition of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yellow Sea,surface sediment samples were collected at 37 sites,including the Korean dump site.Twenty-one dinoflagellate cyst taxa were identified,with the assemblages dominated mainly by Spiniferites bulloideus,Operculodinium centrocarpum,and cyst of Alexandrium catenella/tamarense type.A high frequency of O.centrocarpum in the Yellow Sea was observed for the first time,and it is likely that this can be attributed to the dynamics of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass and the Changjiang(Yangtze) River runoff.Total cyst concentrations ranged from 23 to 48 442 cysts/g dry weight,and high cyst concentrations were recorded adjacent to the dumping site.This result suggests that anthropogenic activities such as ocean dumping stimulate the growth of dinoflagellates in the Yellow Sea,which in turn leads to high levels of dinoflagellate cyst production. 相似文献
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随着船舶压载水的转运,我国面临严重的外来入侵生物风险,其中部分赤潮藻形成的孢囊可成为赤潮的"种源",严重危害近岸海洋环境,因而快速有效地杀灭赤潮藻孢囊至关重要。本文利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基（·OH）,对典型赤潮藻锥状斯氏藻孢囊进行杀灭研究。采用萌发实验、SYTOX Green荧光染色法确定·OH杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的阈值和时间,扫描电子显微镜观察孢囊的形态变化。结果表明,·OH杀灭孢囊的CT阈值为0.49 mg·min/L,时间为10 s,·OH氧化降解孢囊体内叶绿素,破坏DNA,抑制萌发,具有其他方法无法比拟的优势。因此,·OH快速杀灭赤潮藻孢囊的新方法,对防控外来入侵生物引发的海洋赤潮灾害具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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Rapid flow cytometric method for the assessment of toxic dinoflagellate cyst viability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The inadvertent transfer and dispersal of non-indigenous marine species via shipping ballast water is of increasing environmental concern. Despite a major global effort to develop new ballast water treatment technologies, their acceptance has been hampered by the lack of suitable indicator species for assessing treatment effectiveness. Resistant dinoflagellate cysts are one proposed test organism, however their use has been limited due to difficulties in assessing their viability after treatment. The paper describes the development of a rapid method to determine the viability of cysts of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella using staining with SYTOX Green and flow-cytometric analysis. The viability of A. catenella cysts was inversely proportional to their ability to take up the stain. There was excellent agreement between cysts measured as viable/non-viable using flow cytometry and cyst viability determined in standard long-term germination tests. Advantages of the flow-cytometric method include high test precision and rapid testing times of < 2 days, compared to > 4 weeks using existing germination methods. 相似文献
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秋季南黄海表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2007年秋季(10月)在黄海22个站位采集表层沉积物样品进行甲藻孢囊的种类鉴定与计数,本航次中共鉴定出33种(不包括2个未确定种),优势种是锥状斯克里普藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alex-andrium tamarense)和膝沟藻属(Gonyaulaxsp.)的种类。与东海和南海甲藻孢囊的同期丰度相比,黄海的相对较低,丰度范围为10~519个/cm3,平均108个/cm3。孢囊丰度总体分布趋势从北向南递增,最高丰度区出现在长江口以北(32°19′59.88″N,122°37′5.16″E),另外,在南黄海调查海域中,中部黄海冷水团区域孢囊丰度较高,膝沟藻成为该区域的优势种,密集中心达101个/cm3。有毒甲藻孢囊在沉积物表层聚集且分布广泛,有爆发赤潮的可能。 相似文献
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一种南海鼠尾藻次级代谢产物及其克生活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在卤虫致死活性的指导下,综合运用正、反相硅胶柱层析,Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析,制备HPLC等分离技术,对褐藻马尾藻属鼠尾藻Sargassumthunbergii进行了克生活性次级代谢产物研究。从鼠尾藻乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相中分离获得11个单体化合物,运用NMR,MS,IR等波谱技术鉴定了结构,分别为:2-[(3S,7S,11S)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-3,5,6-tri methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione(1),5-脱氢豆甾醇(2),盐藻甾醇(3),马尾藻甾醇(4),盐藻甾酮(5),过氧化麦角甾醇(6),1-(hexadecy1oxy)-propane-2,3-diol(7),1-(15-methylheptadecy1oxy)-propane-2,3-diol(8),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadecane-1-ol(9),植醇(10),3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-2-[[(9Z,12Z)-1-oxo-9,12-oc-tadecadien-1-yl]oxy]propyl(11)。其中,除化合物10外均为首次从马尾藻属中分离得到。对化合物进行了卤虫致死活性和斑马鱼胚胎毒性评价,结果显示,化合物1,5和6具有中等强度的卤虫致死活性;化合物6具有中等的斑马鱼胚胎毒性,EC50值为21.7μg/mL。 相似文献