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1.
稳定同位素分析技术已成为食物网研究中的关键技术,通用方法是取鱼类背部白色肌肉,在实际应用过程会导致鱼类的死亡,因而有所局限.使用非致命组织作为稳定同位素研究中的替代组织越来越得到关注,但是目前国内尚未开展相关研究.比较鳙(Aristichthy nobilis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值,发现鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值均有显著差异.鱼鳞δ13C比值比肌肉更富集,平均高2.54‰,而δ15N比值比肌肉平均低0.7‰.对鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ15N比值含量进行相关分析发现,通过构建线性模型,可用校正后的鱼鳞δ15N比值替代肌肉组织δ15N比值.鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值存在显著线性相关,而鳙的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值无显著相关关系. 相似文献
2.
三峡水库与长寿湖水库鱼类碳、氮稳定同位素特征及营养级的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究人为活动对水库鱼类食物来源和营养级关系的影响,选择人为影响程度较低的三峡水库和影响程度较高的长寿湖水库为研究对象,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对两个水库鱼类δ13C值、δ15N值和营养级进行比较分析.结果显示：长寿湖水库鱼类δ13C平均值（-22.66‰±1.94‰）与三峡水库（-22.59‰±1.87‰）较为接近,但长寿湖鱼类的δ15N值（13.95‰ ±3.02‰）显著高于三峡水库鱼类的δ15N值（11.98‰ ±2.25‰）.根据δ15N值计算不同食性鱼类间的营养级,三峡水库营养级为肉食性鱼类 > 杂食性鱼类 > 浮游生物食性鱼类 > 草食性鱼类;而长寿湖中则表现为浮游生物食性鱼类 > 肉食性鱼类 > 杂食性鱼类 > 草食性鱼类,营养级出现了异常现象.这一结果表明,对于人为影响（如人工喂食鱼饲料等）较大的水体,采用δ15N值计算不同食性鱼类间的营养级存在不确定性. 相似文献
3.
富营养化对湖泊生态系统能流和物流的影响具有不确定性,多数研究仅关注富营养化对浅水湖泊食物网结构和功能的影响,而富营养化对消费者群落碳源和氮源的影响及其时空分异特征较少关注.鉴于此,本研究选取华北平原最大的浅水富营养化湖泊——白洋淀为研究区,依据生境理化参数将白洋淀划分为3类生境（生境1（Ⅰ和Ⅱ区）主要遭受上游府河废水排放影响;生境2（Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ区）主要遭受水产养殖和生活污水的影响;生境3（Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ区）遭受人为干扰较小）.在2018年4月和8月分别收集了浮游生物、底栖生物和鱼类样品,运用碳、氮稳定同位素技术定量估算3类生境中底栖和浮游生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比的时空分异特征;同时收集水体和沉积物样品进行常规理化参数分析,明晰富营养化对白洋淀消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比的影响.结果表明：1）就水体和沉积物理化参数季节变化而言,除pH相对稳定外,化学需氧量（COD）、沉积物氨氮（NH3-Ns）、总氮（TN）和沉积物总磷（TPs）4月高于8月,而其他理化参数则8月高于4月;就空间分布而言,温度（T）、水深（WD）、溶解氧（DO）和沉积物总碳（TCs）值在生境3中最高,而其他理化参数的值则在生境1中最高;2）就δ13C和δ15N空间分布而言,对于同一群落,δ13C和δ15N在3类生境中富集程度呈现显著差异;就时间分布而言,不同季节消费者群落的δ13C值存在显著差异,而δ15N值未呈现显著差异,且消费者群落的δ13C和δ15N呈显著负相关;3）就消费者营养级的空间分布而言,3类生境存在显著差异,同一消费者营养级在生境1中最高,在生境3中最低;就时间分布而言,消费者营养级未呈现显著差异;4）浮游生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比4月高于8月,生境1高于其他生境;而底栖生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比则8月高于4月,生境3高于其他生境;5）通过相关分析,结果表明白洋淀消费者群落的δ13C与总磷（TP）、TCs、沉积物总氮（TNs）、总有机碳（TOCs）、TPs呈现负相关关系;δ15N值与TP、TCs、TNs、TOCs、TPs呈正相关关系.因此,湖泊富营养化会影响消费者群落的碳源和氮源,进而改变湖泊生态系统的能流和物流. 相似文献
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通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源. 相似文献
5.
运用稳定性同位素分析技术研究红鳍原鲌δ13C和δ15N值变化规律,进一步探讨贡湖湾、鲤山湾和东太湖3个典型水域的红鳍原鲌食性差异.结果显示,红鳍原鲌的δ13C值与体长、δ15N值与体长呈显著正相关关系,大个体的红鳍原鲌(体长138 mm)δ13C值和营养级显著高于小个体红鳍原鲌(体长138 mm),表明红鳍原鲌在生长过程中随着口裂的增大和捕食能力的加强发生了食性转变现象:食物来源由小型浮游动物向鱼类转变.红鳍原鲌的δ13C在3个水域中具有明显的空间异质性,东太湖(-25.17‰±2.56‰)作为养殖活动影响区均显著低于贡湖湾(-23.11‰±1.05‰)和鲤山湾(-22.73‰±1.31‰),而且个体普遍偏小,说明红鳍原鲌种群分布可能存在一定的区域性,会根据栖息环境选择食物来源.红鳍原鲌在高浓度蓝藻的环境下,偏向摄食较大个体的动物性饵料,减轻对浮游动物的摄食压力,间接控制水体富营养化的发展.另外,还讨论了红鳍原鲌对生态系统的影响,为其资源保护和合理配置利用提供理论依据. 相似文献
6.
鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地湖泊悬浮有机质的碳氮分布及来源分析——以大湖池和沙湖为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的2个湖泊——大湖池和沙湖为研究对象,分析不同季节和水位悬浮有机质的碳氮稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）及碳氮比值（C/N）的变化特征,甄别悬浮有机质的来源.结果表明：在不同水位条件下,悬浮有机质的δ13C和δ15N均存在差异显著性.沙湖5月水位上涨时,悬浮有机质δ13C最正,均值为-26.4‰±0.9‰,10月退水后,δ13C最负,均值为-31.2‰±1.1‰.悬浮有机质δ15N值在5月和8月较低（范围为3.5‰~5.5‰）,10月也相对较低,均值为6.1‰±0.6‰,而12月相对较高（7.3‰~10.8‰）.悬浮有机质C/N值在10月最低,均值为6.5±0.6,小于7,与其他各月的C/N有显著差异,而其他各月C/N在7.8~8.7之间,不存在显著差异.大湖池悬浮有机质δ13C、δ15N各月的变化趋势与沙湖类似,并且两个湖泊在相同月份的δ13C、δ15N或C/N均不存在显著差异,但大湖池的δ13C和δ15N比沙湖的δ13C和δ15N均值略偏正0.1‰~0.5‰,C/N比沙湖的C/N略偏低0~0.4.有机δ13C、δ15N结合C/N示踪表明,大湖池和沙湖的悬浮有机质在5月水位上涨和8月丰水期主要来源于河流运输的土壤有机质,表层沉积物对5月悬浮有机质也有一定贡献（16%）,水生浮叶植物对8月悬浮有机质有一定贡献（25%）;10月秋季退水后悬浮有机质主要来源于藻类（77%）,表层沉积物有一定贡献（23%）;12、3和4月冬、春季枯水期悬浮有机质主要来源于表层沉积物,候鸟粪便对12月悬浮有机质有较大贡献（40%）,湿地植物碎屑对3和4月有较大贡献（47%和51%）. 相似文献
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8.
太湖高等水生植物稳定碳、氮同位素特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
高等水生植物的稳定碳、氮同位素能够反映其生理生态学信息.从太湖贡湖湾和梅梁湾采集高等水生植物,分析两湖湾高等水生植物的稳定碳、氮同位素值时空变化和种类差异.结果显示:水生植物的稳定碳、氮同位素值因时间、空间和种类而发生变化,总体上时间变化规律不明显,空间变化有一定规律性:梅梁湾中穗花狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、苦草、凤眼莲的δ~(15)N明显高于贡湖湾,挺水植物芦苇的δ~(15)N差异不显著,反映了梅梁湾较贡湖湾有较高的营养水平;贡湖湾中穗花狐尾藻、苦草的δ~(13)C显著高于梅梁湾,其它种类没有显著差异.从种类特征来看,贡湖湾和梅梁湾浮叶植物与挺水植物芦苇、凤眼莲、菱的δ~(13)C偏低,而微齿眼子菜、金鱼藻、马来眼子菜、苦草、伊乐藻、穗花狐尾藻等沉水植物的δ~(13)C值较高,这与它们所处的环境和碳源有关. 相似文献
9.
当前在古食谱研究中,胶原蛋白(不可溶性)的提取,主要采用明胶化法.然而,胶原蛋白的直接降解产物——可溶性胶原蛋白,常常予以忽视并摒弃.本文通过凝胶层析,分管提取了古骨的酸提取液,从中分辨出三个峰,对各峰提取物的C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值及稳定同位素比值进行分析,并与对应的不可溶胶原蛋白(ISC)进行了比较,以探讨可溶性胶原蛋白(SC)在古食谱研究中的可行性.三个峰中,第二峰(保留时间在17.5~27.5 min)峰形最为平缓,表明其所含蛋白质的分子量不一致;其各管提取物,在C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值上与ISC最为接近.基于以上发现,可以看出,第二峰提取物即为SC.更为重要的是,两种蛋白的δ13C值和δ15N值均相近.具体而言,C/N摩尔比值落于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差异的平均值仅为(0.3±0.2)‰(N=2),δ15N值大约相差(0.6±0.1)‰(N=2);而C/N摩尔比值稍高于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差的平均值也仅为(0.4±0.1)‰(N=2),δ15N值也约相差(0.3±0)‰(N=2).这些差异,远低于δ13C和δ15N值在食物链营养级之间的差异(δ13C约为1‰~1.5‰,δ15N值约为3‰~5‰),表明SC与ISC具有相似的性质,其C和N稳定同位素分析,在古食谱研究中极具应用价值. 相似文献
10.
利用C，N稳定同位素分析法鉴别家猪与野猪的初步尝试 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动物考古学和分子生物学的研究方法探索家猪的起源已取得丰硕的成果,但如何科学鉴别驯化初期的家猪,至目前为止一直缺乏有效的研究思路和方法．与野猪的食物主要源自自然环境相比,家猪的食物则更容易受人类饲喂活动的影响,故此,理论上,探索猪群间的食物结构差异,了解人类的饲喂活动对猪食物的影响,可望科学地辨别家猪与野猪．对山东后李文化时期（约8500～7500年前）小荆山遗址的人骨以及月庄遗址的动物骨进行了C,N稳定同位素分析,探索猪群食谱差异,并通过与先民以及其他动物的同位素数值比较,尝试科学地鉴别家猪与野猪．先民的δ^13 C（平均值-17．8‰±0．3‰和δ^15 N（平均值9．0‰±0．6‰）表明,先民虽已开始从事粟作农业,但粟作农业在人类的生活方式中尚不占主导地位（因为粟类植物是一种典型的C4植物）,先民还主要以采集、狩猎或驯养家畜为生．牛的δ^13 C值（-16．1‰）和δ^15 N值（6．9‰）,表明其食物主要以C3类植物为主,兼具少许C4类植物．与牛相比,鱼的δ^13 C值（-24．9‰）更低而和δ^15 N值（8．8‰）更高,显示出欧亚大陆淡水鱼的同位素特征．依据δ^13 C值和δ^15 N值的不同,猪可分为3组：A组,由两头猪组成,具有低的δ^13 C值（-18．1‰,-20．0‰）和δ^15 N值（4．7‰,6．0‰）;B组,仅有一头猪,具有最高的δ^13 C值（-10．6‰）和居中的δ^15 N值（6．4‰）;C组,仅有一头猪,其δ^13 C值（-19．0‰）较小而δ^15 N值（9．1‰）最高．现代或古代野猪骨的C,N稳定同位素分析研究已经表明,野猪主要以C3类植物为主,其δ^15 N值更接近于食草类动物而远离食肉类动物．通过与小荆山遗址先民、野猪及河南西坡遗址（仰韶文化,6000—5500年前）和康家遗址（龙山文化,4500～4000年前）家猪同? 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
14.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
15.
O. Martins 《水文研究》1988,2(1):19-29
Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO3 > SO4 > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals. 相似文献
16.
Historical earthquakes noted in the written records of the South China region, including Hong Kong, are not well delineated along identified prominent fault sources. Despite the lack of any definitive, localised trend in the spatial distribution of seismic activity in the region, there does appear to be some major disparity in the seismic activity rates (especially for large magnitude earthquakes) between the near-field and the far-field regions of Hong Kong. Despite this observation, previous studies of the regional seismic activity and seismic ground motion hazard (the latter using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, PSHA) have considered very broad source zone regions, in which uniform levels of seismic activity have been assumed. The present paper further scrutinises this broad source zone (BSZ) approach by adopting a novel expanding circular disc (ECD) method to determine the rates of earthquake recurrence. Such a method is intended to counter-check previously developed models by determining earthquake scenario events in terms of magnitude–distance (M–R) pairs or combinations, having defined values of average return period. Unlike the BSZ approach, the ECD method specifically accounts for the supposed variations in the seismic activity rates between events in the near-field and the far-field of Hong Kong.The form of the developed method is particularly suited to the determination of design-level earthquake ground motions for bedrock sites, since it assumes a directionally-independent attenuation model as described in the companion paper. It is found that, whilst the BSZ approach may indicate the overall average levels of hazard that are representative of the South China region as a whole, it does not capture the large disparity in seismic activity rates between near-field and far-field events. This important feature is expected to have a significant impact upon engineering assessments of the seismic safety of structures in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the South China region. For example, it is found that for events with M≥6, the seismic activity rate (normalised by time and area) in the very far-field is around 3.5 times larger than in the near-field and medium-field of Hong Kong. The resulting design M-R combinations, covering a range of return periods from 70 to 2500 years, are limited, for very long return periods and for distant events, by the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) magnitude. Intensive research to determine this seismic hazard parameter is recommended, in order to refine further the results of the ECD analysis, which presently conservatively assumes the MCE to range between M=6 in the near-field of Hong Kong to M=8 in the very far-field, at distances greater than 280 km from Hong Kong. 相似文献
17.
Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hitoshi Hasegawa Hisao Ando Noriko Hasebe Niiden Ichinnorov Tohru Ohta Takashi Hasegawa Masanobu Yamamoto Gang Li Bat‐Orshikh Erdenetsogt Ulrich Heimhofer Takayuki Murata Hironori Shinya G. Enerel G. Oyunjargal O. Munkhtsetseg Noriyuki Suzuki Tomohisa Irino Koshi Yamamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales are widely distributed in southeastern Mongolia. Due to the high organic carbon content of oil shale, many geochemical studies and petroleum exploration have been conducted. Although most of the oil shales are considered to be Early Cretaceous in age, a recent study reveals that some were deposited in the Middle Jurassic. The present study aims at establishing depositional ages and characteristics of the Jurassic and Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Mongolia. The Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation is about 250 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale and dolomite. The Middle Jurassic Eedemt Formation is about 150 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale, dolomitic marl, and siltstone. The alternations of shale and dolomite in both formations were formed by lake level changes, reflecting precipitation changes. Shales were deposited in the center of a deep lake during highstand, while dolomites were formed by primary precipitation during lowstand. Based on the radiometric age dating, the Shinekhudag Formation was deposited between 123.8 ±2.0 Ma and 118.5 ±0.9 Ma of the early Aptian. The Eedemt Formation was deposited at around 165–158 Ma of Callovian–Oxfordian. The calculated sedimentation rate of the Shinekhudag Formation is between 4.7 ±2.6 cm/ky and 10.0 ±7.6 cm/ky. Shales in the Shinekhudag Formation show micrometer‐scale lamination, consisting of algal organic matter and detrital clay mineral couplets. Given the average thickness of micro‐laminae and calculated sedimentation rate, the micro‐lamination is most likely of varve origin. Both Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales were deposited in intracontinental basins in the paleo‐Asian continent. Tectonic processes and basin evolution basically controlled the deposition of these oil shales. In addition, enhanced precipitation under humid climate during the early Aptian and the Callovian–Oxfordian was another key factor inducing the widespread oil shale deposition in Mongolia. 相似文献
18.
A. C. LIAKOPOULOS Dr. Eng. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):69-110
ABSTRACT The one-dimensional transient downward entry of water in unsaturated soils is investigated theoretically. The mathematical equation describing the infiltration process is derived by combining Darcy's dynamic equation of motion with the continuity and thermodynamic state equations adjusted for the unsaturated flow conditions. The resulting equation together with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions constitues a mathematical initial boundary value problem requiring the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation of the parabolic type. The volumetric water content is taken as the dependent variable and the time and the position along the vertical direction are taken as the independent variables. The governing equation is of such nature that a solution exists for t > 0 and is uniquely determined if two relationships are defined, together with the specified state of the system, at the initial time t = 0 and at the two boundaries. The two required relations are those of pressure versus permeability and pressure versus volumetric water content. Since the partial differential equation has strong non-linear terms, a discrete solution is obtained by approximating the derivatives with finite-differences at discrete mesh points in the solution domain and integrated for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The use of an implicit difference scheme is employed in order to generate a system of simultaneous non-linear equations that has to be solved for each time increment. For n mesh points the two boundary conditions provide two equations and the repetition of the recurrence formula provides n—2 equations, the total being n equations for each time increment. The solution of the system is obtained by matrix inversion and particularly with a back-substitution technique. The FORTRAN statements used for obtaining the solution with an electronic digital computer (IBM 704) are presented together with the input data. Analysis of the errors involved in the numerical solution is made and the stability and convergence of the solution of the approximate difference equation to that of the differential equation is investigated. The method applied is that of making a Fourier series expansion of a whole line of errors and then following the progress of the general term of the series expansion and also the behavior of each constituent harmonic. The errors (forming a continuous function of points in an abstract Banach space) are represented by vectors with the Fourier coefficients constituting a second Banach space. The amplification factor of the difference equation is shown to be always less than unity which guarantees the stability of the employed implicit recurrence scheme. Experiments conducted on a vertical column packed uniformly with very fine sand, show a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained values. Many experimental results are shown in an attempt to explain the infiltration phenomenon with emphasis on the shape and movement of the wet front, and the effects of the degree of compaction, initial water content and deaired water on the infiltration rate. 相似文献
19.
Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20.
GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area. 相似文献