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1.
岩石生热率是研究地球内热的一个重要的参数。根据自然伽马与岩石生热率的关系,利用盆地4口钻井的自然伽马测井曲线,计算出桑托斯盆地主要岩石或矿物及地层的生热率。统计了2 964个自然伽马测井数据值,主要岩石或矿物的生热率从大到小依次为：泥岩、砂岩、页岩、玄武岩、石灰岩、硬石膏和盐岩;盆地地层的生热率随深度增加显著降低,生热率体现出受控于岩性变化的特征。以S1井为例,根据岩石生热率和热流的关系,计算出盆地中各个组的生热率,Marambaia组、Itajai-Acu组、Itanhaem组、Ariri组、Guaratiba群、Camboriu组生热率分别是（1.36±0.16）μW/m3、（1.52±0.15）μW/m3、（1.30±0.3）μW/m3、（0.46±0.18）μW/m3、（0.64±0.23）μW/m3、（0.37±0.07）μW/m3,盆地沉积地层产生的热量占表层大地热流的13.62%,因此沉积地层具有一定的产热潜力,对区域有机质的成熟度有一定的影响。建立了岩石圈分层生热模型,其中地壳热流贡献为15.38 mW/m2,占表层大地热流的30.76%,地幔热流贡献值为34.62 mW/m2,地壳和地幔的热流比例为0.44,具有“冷壳热幔”的特征。 相似文献
2.
北康盆地古地热场与油气远景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘振湖 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(2):79-84
采用现今盆地地壳厚度作为约束务件,应用Mckenzie模式与构造沉降曲线拟合计算古地幔热流值,并考虑地壳和沉积层放射性衰变所释放的热流,研究盆地古地温场及其演化史,然后据此研究烃源岩的热成熟度史,结合盆地油气地质条件,评价油气资源潜力。结果表明,中始新世末盆地基底热流为45～66mW／m^2,随后盆地基底热流略有上升,至早渐新世末为51～66mW／m^2,现今盆地基底热流为51～61mW／m^2,并且坳陷的基底热流比隆起的基底热流高。所计算的现今表面热流与实测的表面热流一致。中始新统烃源岩在早中新世末处于成熟阶段,现今处于高成熟一过成熟阶段;上始新统一下渐新统烃源岩在晚中新世末处于成熟阶段,现今处于高成熟阶段;上渐新统一下中新统烃源岩现今处于成熟阶段,局部达到生烃高峰。油气资源评价认为北康盆地具有良好的油气资源潜力。 相似文献
3.
南沙海槽前陆盆地热结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石圈热结构直接影响着岩石的物理性质和流变学性质,从而制约着岩石圈的形成演化。在研究南沙海槽前陆盆地地质构造背景和岩石圈热结构影响参数基础上,文章采用一维稳态热传导方程模拟计算并获得了盆地94N05地震剖面岩石圈热结构。计算表明,盆地区域大地热流平均值约为62mW.m 2;地幔热流值约37—44mW.m 2,对地表热流贡献达60%—70%。南沙海槽前陆盆地处于构造热恢复阶段,地表热流受中中新世挤压构造环境影响相对较低且主要受深部地幔控制,莫霍面温度介于500—600℃,热岩石圈较薄,厚度约60—70km。通过计算岩石圈热结构及居里面深度特征揭示揭示盆地深部岩石圈温度较高以及热活动稳定可能是南沙群岛海域地震发生很少的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
海底热流是研究大洋地壳和上地幔岩石圈热状态的重要参数。为了解南海深水区地热特征,利用IODP349航次地热调查资料进行数据处理,得到了4个站位浅层热导率数据和3个钻孔的海底热流数据。结果表明,浅层沉积物样品热导率变化范围为0.8~2.2 W/(m·K),变化范围与沉积物成分有关,热导率随深度的增加有小幅增加的趋势与沉积物压实作用有关;U1431D、U1432C和U1433A三个钻孔热流值分别为24±8mW/m2、105±3mW/m2和89±2mW/m2,后两个钻孔通过与前人实测数据进行对比,与前人结果相当,表明了结果的可靠性;U1431D发生地温梯度倒转和低热流异常可能是与钻孔处于水热循环的下降流附近有关。 相似文献
5.
南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
为了解南海西沙海槽区的地热特征,利用Ewing型地热探针在该区开展了地热测量,并利用TK04热导率仪测量了相关站位表层沉积物样品的热导率,获得了7个站位的热流数据。结果表明,研究区7个站位的热导率变化范围为0.88~1.06 W/m.K,平均为0.96 W/m.K,地温梯度变化范围为85~120℃/km,热流值变化范围为83~112 mW/m2,平均达到95 mW/m2。分析表明测量结果与20世纪80年代中美合作在西沙海槽的地热测量结果一致性较好,说明研究区仍具有高热流特征,推测高热流特征可能与本区高热背景、莫霍面埋深较浅、断裂发育、晚期岩浆活动和基底起伏等有关。 相似文献
6.
7.
长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
为了解细菌在长江口冲淡水区生态系营养动力学过程中的重要作用,笔者于1997年10月10日至20日,1998年5月14日至6月1日在观测海区以及在绿华山海域设置大水体围隔生态系实验装置进行细菌生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,秋季观测海区平均细菌生产力(C)为(1.44±1.30)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3,B3和C3站.春季测区表层细菌生产力(2.43±1.22)μg/(dm3·h)高于底层(1.01±0.43)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3和B断面诸站.秋、春季平均细菌生产力相当于浮游植物初级生产力的23%.秋季和春季表层细菌数量分别为(5.22×108±0.88×108)个/dm3和(1.97×108±1.10×108)个/dm3.1998年5月18日至6月1日在围隔实验点的自然海区中细菌生产力变幅范围为0.13～5.79μg/(dm3·h),平均值为(2.47±1.60)μg/(dm3·h).围隔装置内加可溶性磷(PO43-)实验,春季细菌生产力由1.28μg/(dm3·h)增长至32.20μg/(dm3·h),其增长幅度低于秋季1.43～43.47μg/(dm3·h).油污染实验中细菌生产力由6.61μg/(dm3·h)增长至37.97μg/(dm3·h),呈逐日上升趋势. 相似文献
8.
关于元谋盆地的沉积特征与地层划分 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
元谋盆地在断陷过程中连续地堆积有厚度约800m的地层.据沉积相分析,在岩石地层上可以划分为三个段:约100m厚的坡洪积和湖沼相的沙沟组;603m厚的元谋组;104m厚的洪积相上那蚌组.按磁性地层测量及沉积物厚度估算,其平均沉积速率为41cm/ka.该盆地经历了上升和侵蚀,并发育了数级冲积、洪积扇的阶地沉积. 相似文献
9.
INPEFA在高分辨率层序地层研究中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地油房庄地区长4+5油组为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(7)
目前利用常规测井曲线进行地层划分对比多解性强,测井曲线分层标志有时并不清楚,为提高层序划分的准确性及精度,本文利用最大熵谱分析方法,对测井曲线进行INPEFA处理得到频率趋势线,能够提取测井曲线所隐藏的周期性特征,描述地层的沉积旋回特征。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地油房庄地区长4+5油组自然伽马曲线进行INPEFA处理,得到频率趋势线并进行连井对比,将长4+5油组划分为6个中期基准面旋回,与现场地层划分具有良好的对应关系。研究认为,应用INPEFA技术可以明显的将地层的旋回特征表示出来,使各层序界面更直观、更明显,提高旋回划分、对比的精度和准确性,实现层序旋回划分从定性-半定量-定量的过程,是进行层序地层划分对比的有效手段。 相似文献
10.
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩热史及成熟史研究,对C洼深水油气勘探具有指导意义。在恢复涠西南凹陷C洼地史和热史的基础上,利用EASY%Ro模型计算了流沙港组烃源岩的成熟度史。研究结果表明,在涠西南凹陷发展的裂陷阶段初始期热流值较高,最大值约为77mW/m2,其后热流值逐渐减小,现今热流值约为54mW/m2;涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩开始生烃(Ro=0.5%)时间为51MaBP,达到生烃高峰(Ro=1%)时间为42MaBP,达到高成熟演化阶段(Ro=1.3%)时间为17MaBP;对比涠1井流沙港组烃源岩演化特征,处于C洼深水勘探区的流沙港组烃源岩成熟度较高,生烃能力较强,拥有广阔的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.