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1.
本文利用2003-2011年西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业数据和海洋环境数据，包括海表温度（sea surface temperature， SST），海面高度（sea surface height， SSH）和叶绿素浓度（chlorophyll a， Chl a），开发基于广义加性模型（GAM）和神经网络模型（NNM）的复合模型研究滑柔鱼资源时空分布。GAM用于选择关键影响因子，并分析与单位捕捞努力量渔获量（catch per unit effort， CPUE）的关系，NNM用于建立关键影响因子与CPUE之间的预报模型。结果表明：GAM选择的影响因子的偏差解释率为53.8%，空间变量（经度和纬度），环境变量（SST、SSH、Chl a）均匀CPUE之间存在显著相关性。CPUE与SST和SSH之间为非线性关系，与Chl a之间为线性关系。NNM模型的MSE和ARV较低，其精度高且稳定。此复合模型也能够解释解释西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼时空变化趋势和迁徙模式。 相似文献
2.
2016年3月对西太平洋马里亚纳区域M2海山浮游植物粒级结构和分粒级初级生产力进行了观测,同时结合温度、盐度和营养盐浓度,研究了M2海山的总叶绿素a浓度的分布规律,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,初级生产力结构和分布特征。结果表明：M2海山各水层叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.004—0.304mg/m3,平均叶绿素a浓度为0.094mg/m3。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域内为最优势类群,对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率达到了85%,微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物的贡献率均较低,分别为10%和5%。M2海山的叶绿素a浓度最大层均在100m深度附近的次表层,其中西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。M2海山的平均初级生产力为71.31mgC/（m2·d）,初级生产力的主要贡献者为微型和微微型浮游植物,其中微型浮游植物贡献率达到了72%,微微型浮游植物贡献率为28%。M2海山的海山效应不明显,浅海山（<200m）可能对浮游植物的生长存在促进作用。 相似文献
3.
闽江口及其附近海域棘头梅童鱼资源的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2006～2007年4个季节的底拖网捕捞渔获调查数据,对闽江口及附近海域底拖网鱼类中的棘头梅童鱼的资源状况进行了分析.结果表明：棘头梅童鱼在春季和冬季的渔获质量所占比例较高,分别为3.2%和4.8%;而夏季和秋季的渔获质量所占比例较低,分别为1.8%和1.5%.优势体长组为110～120mm;4个季节的资源密度波动于1.44～38.61kg/km2之间,其平均值为16.14kg/km2.4个季节的平均资源现存量约为58.09t,其中冬季资源量最大（138.99t）;资源密度在春、冬季明显高于夏、秋季;资源分布与水温、水深及盐度等环境因子关系密切.其喜栖息于低温、低盐和浅水海域,秋、冬季分布较广,部分出现离岸及南移现象.文中还应用ELEFAN技术分析了棘头梅童鱼的Von Bertalanffy生长参数（K）、极限体长（L∞）、总死亡系数（Z）、自然死亡系数（M）和开发率（E）,各指标值分别为0.60、183.75mm、2.42、0.69和0.71.这说明其生长较为迅速,但捕捞死亡率过高,已出现过度捕捞现象,应该加强保护以实现资源可持续再生与利用. 相似文献
4.
河口有色溶解有机物（colored dissolved organic matter,CDOM）的分布是各种物理-生物地球化学过程共同作用的结果。为实现河口高动态变化CDOM的监测，遥感是一种重要的手段。由珠江口四个不同季节的航次获得的实测数据，本文构建了一个遥感算法以反演CDOM在400 nm的吸收系数（aCDOM （400））。该算法使用以波段反射率比值Rrs （667）/Rrs （443）和Rrs （748）/Rrs （412）为自变量。将构建的算法应用于2002-2014年的MODIS/Aqua数据，本文计算了珠江口不同季节的aCDOM （400）气候态分布。CDOM的分布主要受珠江径流量和区域水下地形特征的影响。沿着垂直于水深梯度的断面，气候态aCDOM （400）呈指数减少（y=aebx,b<0），但不同季节差异很大。珠江口CDOM主要是河流淡水输运而来。其中，富里酸比例随盐度的增加而降低。基于构建的算法、CDOM保守混合方程和径流量，本文由MODIS/Aqua数据进一步估算了2002-2014年夏季和冬季珠江DOC的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量。珠江的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量都与流量存在正相关关系，且在夏季的相关性更明显，R2分别为0.698和0.9657。 相似文献
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随着经济社会快速发展, 中国湖泊表现出不同程度的富营养化, 湖泊生态正面临着严峻挑战。叶绿素a是评价水体营养状态的重要指标, 可以反映湖泊中浮游植物生物量情况。基于Landsat系列数据集, 对1986~2022年间中国范围内面积在10 km2以上湖泊叶绿素a浓度分布状况进行研究, 并对各区域叶绿素a浓度演变趋势进行分析, 结果表明: (1) 中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度存在地域性空间分布差异。叶绿素a浓度分布整体呈现东南高, 西北低的态势, 大约69%的湖泊处于轻富营养化程度, 中富营养化状态约占17%。以35°N和100°E为分界线, 各区域叶绿素a浓度随经纬度呈现出一定的变化规律。(2) 近40年间中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度年均值处于缓慢波动上升趋势, 时间序列呈现先降低后升高, 再降低的变化状态。所有湖泊叶绿素a浓度显著上升的数量占比约为30%, 显著下降的占比约为24.8%, 变化不显著的约占45.2%。整体变化较为稳定, 变异系数处于中等波动水平以下, 波动较大的区域位于青藏高原, 东北地区和长江中下游的部分地区。(3) 各流域内湖泊叶绿素a浓度时空分异特征表现为: 空间分布上, 内陆流域和西南流域普遍较低, 珠江流域和东南流域较高。时间变化上, 除了西南流域和内陆流域的湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现下降趋势外, 其他流域均为上升趋势。中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显的地域性差异和时间变化趋势, 这主要归因于地区气候、水文条件、土地利用以及人类活动变化等因素。受温暖湿润气候和较强人类活动的影响, 东南部地区的湖泊叶绿素a浓度相对较高。西北部地区气温偏低, 降水较少, 湖泊叶绿素a浓度普遍较低。近40年的时间尺度上, 受城市化、工业化快速发展和全球气候变化的共同影响, 中国整体湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。 相似文献
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采集丹东近海的黑鳃梅童鱼29个个体和海洲湾近海的棘头梅童鱼30个个体,开展2种梅童鱼形态特征比较研究。对2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、臀鳍第一鳍棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔和耳石等部位进行拍照及形态描述,并进行了2种梅童鱼传统形态学的8个分节特征和14个量度特征的判别分析、主成分分析和单因子方差分析。结果显示:2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔颜色和耳石形态存在明显差异;除鳔侧枝数有明显差异外,其它可数性状均无显著差异。采用贡献率大的8个参数建立2种梅童鱼的判别公式,判别准确率达100%;黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼在外部形态可量数据上虽存在个别交叉,但仍能形成各自相对集中的组;在P=0.01显著性水平下进行单因子方差分析,结果2种梅童鱼在7个变量上存在显著性差异。 相似文献
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2006年冬末春初,在德国POLARSTERN科学考察船执行南极威德尔海西北海域考察期间,调查了考察区海冰物理和海洋生物。本文观测了航线上钻取的27支海冰冰芯的组构和71个冰晶体薄片;分析得到393组冰温数据;348组盐度、密度数据和311组叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素含量数据;通过302组冰内相同深度孔隙率和叶绿素a含量数据分析,发现海冰物理参数影响冰内叶绿素a含量的新证据;利用收集的雪、冰厚度数据以及环境容量制约生态平衡的规律,建立了雪、冰厚度对冰底叶绿素繁荣的影响以及;确立了南极粒状冰和柱状冰内叶绿素a上限含量同卤水体积的关系。从而表达了冰晶体对卤水排泄的效应和冰物理性质对南极春季冰底和冰-水界面叶绿素a增长的贡献。此外,还得出海冰物理性质影响冰藻,并且是南极冰区水体浮游植物繁荣的关键控制因素。 相似文献
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根据2019年1月、4月、7月和10月四个季度10个站位定置张网调查资料, 对福建三沙湾游泳动物的种类组成及季节变化进行分析研究。结果表明: 调查共获得游泳动物209种, 隶属于3门4纲19目73科144属, 其中鱼类154种, 甲壳类48种, 头足类7种。游泳动物种类数以秋季出现最多, 四个季节共同出现的种类有42种。鲈形目种类最多, 其次是十足目。鱼类适温性以暖水性种类居多, 占71.43%, 暖温性种类次之(27.92%); 生态类型以底层、近底层鱼类居多, 两者合占75.97%。鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)等14个种类是三沙湾游泳动物的优势种类, 季节性优势种居多。三沙湾定置张网调查渔业资源质量密度为111.09 kg/km2, 尾数密度为13.72×103 ind./km2, 均以夏季最高, 春季最低。应该进一步加强对三沙湾渔业资源的合理利用和有效保护, 同时重视对外来物种的监测。 相似文献
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对中国南海表层叶绿素a季节内变化的研究有助于深入认识其海洋特征,满足渔情预报等实际应用需求。利用卫星观测资料分析南海表层叶绿素a不同季节的季节内变化特征,结果表明南海表层叶绿素a季节内振荡强度冬季最高。冬季和春季的季节内振荡最强区域都位于吕宋岛西北侧海区,夏季和秋季振荡较强的区域偏向菲律宾群岛一侧。分析表明研究海区表层温度和表层叶绿素a 存在负相关,冬强夏弱,北强南弱。大部分海区海面高度和叶绿素a 相关性不显著,但南海东南边缘海区海面高度和叶绿素a在季节内存在正相关。冬季海盆尺度逆时针旋转的环流结构应是这些现象产生的原因。除南海东南边缘海区、海南岛东南海区和吕宋岛西侧海区之外,风应力大小和热通量均与叶绿素a 在季节内呈正相关。这显示非局地风场和海流等因素、海洋动力调整过程可能在吕宋海峡以西和南海东南边缘的表层叶绿素a 季节内变化中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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南麂列岛岛礁区域鱼类种类组成和数量分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用底层拖网方法,以渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,进行了南麂列岛岛礁区域2011年4月、8月、11月和2012年3月4个季节的鱼类种类组成、数量分布以及时空变化研究。结果表明:(1)调查海域鱼类有69种,鱼类种数夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;(2)六指马鲅、海鳗、棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼、、中颌棱鳀、六丝钝尾虎鱼等15种鱼占鱼类总渔获量的89.13%,是调查海域底层拖网的主要捕捞鱼类;(3)不同季节的鱼类渔获量组成相差较大,优势种季节演替现象明显;(4)渔获率的季节变化明显,渔获率夏秋季明显高于冬春季,夏秋季渔获率较高的区域一般在调查海域西北方向的开阔海域。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献