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受历史汞矿开采活动影响,万山汞矿区稻田遭受了严重的汞污染。为了查明万山汞矿区稻田土壤的汞污染现状以及评估其环境质量改善情况,系统采集了受汞矿区影响的五条主干河流沿岸稻田土壤进行汞含量分析,评价总汞和甲基汞污染程度及其生态风险,并与2008年以来该区域稻田土壤汞数据进行对比。结果表明,研究区稻田土壤的总汞含量为0.21~207 mg/kg,几何平均值为(4.26±4.83)mg/kg;甲基汞含量为0.42~13μg/kg,几何平均值为(1.81±1.93)μg/kg。59%的稻田土壤处于重度汞污染,75%的稻田土壤存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。与已往数据相比,稻田土壤汞含量在2012年后呈下降趋势,基本反映了当地汞防治措施的执行效果。为了避免稻田土壤汞污染引起的安全健康风险,今后应采取除污染源治理以外的土壤修复措施或风险管控措施。 相似文献
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JIANG Hongmei FENG Xinbin LI Guanghui QIU Guangle YAN Haiyu 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):414-417
The concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury in sediments were determined at the dam of the Wujiangdu Reservoir in different seasons. Total mercury (HgT) levels in the whole sediment profile were 254.2±47.0 ng/g in winter, 254.2±31.6 ng/g in spring, and 256.7±60.8 ng/g in summer, without significant variations in different seasons or at different depths. In contrast, the methylmercury (MeHg) compounds were most abundant at the sediment-water interface and decreased progressively with depth. MeHg contents of the sediments during different seasons are highly dependent on microbial activity, and seem to be higher when Hg (II)-methylating microorganisms are active. Thus, MeHg levels tend to rise in the loci where nutrient supplies and biological productivity are favorable. The percentage of HgT that is present as MeHg in the sediments increased gradually from December 2003 to April 2004 and to July 2004. 相似文献
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Lihai SHANG Xinbin FENG Haiyu YAN Guangle QIU Guanghui LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):241-242
Mercury is an important pollutant in lakes. Methylmercury （MeHg）, the most toxic mercury species, which can be formed from inorganic mercury in lakes, can be bioaccumulated into high concentration in food chain and result in a potential threat to human beings. Sediments play an important role for the Hg biogeochemistry in the aquatic systems： Mercury methylation has been shown to be fastest in the surfacial sediments, where the microbial activity is highest. The formation of MeHg in lakes suggests that sediments and/or near-shore wetlands can be the sources of MeHg in aquatic environments. The Baihua Reservoir, located in the suburb of Guiyang, was impounded in 1966. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Guizhou Organic Chemical Plant which used inorganic mercury as catalyst to produce acetic acid, was responsible for the discharge of waste water with high mercury content. 相似文献
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Ping LI Xinbin FENG Guangle QIU Shaofeng WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):235-235
Mercury smelting is one of the important anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emission sources. Small-scale mercury smelting activities with indigenous method which is considered illegal and forbidden by local government always extensively existed in the Wuchuan area, northeastern Guizhou Province, China. Because of the simple processes without any environmental protection, a large amount of mercury vapor released to the ambient air during the processing of cinnabar roasting. By determining mercury concentrations in mercury ore and smelting slag samples, a mass balance method was used to calculate mercury emission factors and annual mercury emission from indigenous mercury smelting in Wuchuan mercury mining areas, Guizhou Province, China. The mercury emission factors ranged from 6.9% to 32.1% with the recovery from 78.4% to 93.6% and the annual mercury emission was up to 3.7-9.6 metric tons. The results highlighted that the indigenous mercury smelting was one of the most important anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emission sources in this region. 相似文献
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Paul J. Lechler Jerry R. Miller Liang-Chi Hsu Mario O. Desilets 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)
The Carson River Superfund Site in west-central Nevada is an area of Hg-contaminated soil, sediment, water, air, and biola resulting from the amalgamation milling of Ag-Au ores of the Comstock lode worked approximately a century ago. In order to develop an understanding of the behavior, transport, and fate of Hg at this site, a technique was developed to estimate the proportions of total, elemental, exchangeable, organic, and sulfide Hg in soils, sediments, and tailings.Results of this analysis performed on active Carson River sediments indicate that Hg is selectively dissolved out of Hg-Au amalgam particles and subsequently adsorbed to fine-grained sediments which are then deposited in downstream, low-energy reaches of the Carson River and Labontan Reservoir. In the relatively more-reducing environment of the reservoir Hg appears to be converted, in large part, to relatively-insoluble HgS.The original elemental form of Hg released to the environment is the chemical form which is still dominant in most highly-contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. Deeper, more-reducing soil horizons, however, appear to fix a significant portion of the Hg as HgS, analogous to the Lahontan Reservoir example described above. This fixation as HgS is documented to be largely limited to higher-sulfur areas where sulfide minerals from the Comstock ores increase the total sulfur concentrations of contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. 相似文献
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Guangle QIU Xinbin FENG Shaofeng WANG Xuewu FU Ping LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):28-28
Mercury as a toxic element poses environmental concerns, especially in historically Hg-mined districts. The Wanshan Hg mine located in the eastern part of Guizhou Province, southwestern China, ranks the largest Hg-producing district in China. Mining at Wanshan was initiated in 221 B.C., but ceased in 2001. Approximately 22000 tons of Hg, 6000 tons of cinnabar and large quantities of mine-wastes had been produced at Wanshan. Significant quantities of calcines, which were piled irregularly near the old mine processing sites and retorts, continue to impact the local environments in the Wanshan area. In this study, a regional contamination of mercury in surface waters collected from the Meizixi, Dashuixi, Huandao and Gaolouping rivers, whose upstreams or branches originate from the hilly karstic area and receive drainage arising from the calcines, was investigated by determining all Hg species in a base-flow and a flood-flow season. Reactive, dissolved, particulate, and total Hg concentrations in surface water varied from 0.60 to 400 ng/L, 11 to 430 ng/L, 1.4 to 9210 ng/L, and 15 to 9260 ng/L, respectively. Total methylmercury in water samples ranges from 0.31 to 25 ng/L. The concentrations of total Hg and particulate Hg in water samples collected during the flood season are higher than those in the base-flow season, whereas, the concentrations of dissolved and reactive Hg are lower with the peak values observed in water samples collected in the base-flow season. A strong positive correlation between total Hg and particulate Hg is noticed in the water samples collected from Hg-mined areas with the proportion higher than 80%. 相似文献
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放牛沟矿床中的矿物、岩石及矿石含汞量的差异说明汞的次生地球化学异常来自矿体,特别是PbZn矿体。壤中气汞(Hg°)、土壤吸附汞(△Hg)及全汞(THg)异常套合出现是PbZn矿体的可靠标志。全汞异常能反映浅部矿体;吸附汞和壤中气汞异常不但反映浅部矿体,还能指示盲矿体及含矿断裂。根据汞的地球化学异常特征的研究,结合地质、土壤和岩石地球化学勘查结果,提出了两处找矿有希望地段。 相似文献
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湖南洞庭湖地区土壤中Hg的来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hg污染已成为全球性的环境问题,尤其是Hg对土壤的污染,因其具有隐蔽性、不可逆性和长期性的特点,对陆生生态系统构成潜在的巨大威胁,因此查明土壤中Hg的来源非常重要。运用生态地球化学填图的指导思想,对湖南洞庭湖地区土壤剖面分析和成土过程研究后发现,表层土壤中Hg含量的高低与成土母质中Hg的含量有很好的对应性,成土过程对土壤中Hg的含量也有显著的影响。 相似文献
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夏季红枫湖地区农田土壤-大气界面汞交换通量的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
采用动力学通量箱法(Dynamic Flux Chamber)与高时间分辨率大气测汞仪联用技术对贵州红枫湖地区土壤-大气界面间汞交换通量进行了初步研究.结果显示,红枫湖地区土壤-大气界面间汞交换通量变化范围为-8.6 ng～215.3 ng@m-2@h-1,平均27.4士40.1 ng/m2@h(n=255);且土壤与大气界面间的汞交换是双向的既有土壤汞的释放,又有大气汞的沉降,主要以土壤汞的释放为主(n释放=253,n沉降=2n).土壤汞的释放通量与土壤温度、气温、光照强度有强相关关系,相关系数分别为0.80、0.83、0.74. 相似文献
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巯基棉分离富集-原子荧光光谱法测定重晶石中痕量汞 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
重晶石样品研磨过筛,用EDTA-氢氧化钠混合溶液络合处理,盐酸调节至弱酸性释放出汞,处理后的样品用原子荧光光谱法测定矿样中的痕量汞。采用巯基棉分离富集有机汞及无机汞,在pH 3~4时巯基棉可充分吸附汞,分别用2 mol/L和6 mol/L盐酸洗脱有机汞和无机汞,并将有机汞转化为无机汞。对影响汞测定的实验条件及干扰元素进行探讨。方法线性范围为0.00~5.00 ng/mL,相关系数为0.999 6;加标回收率为92.0%~114.0%。方法具有简便、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高等优点。 相似文献
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原子荧光光谱法用于水系沉积物中迁移毒性态汞的形态分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
水系沉积物中汞可分为三种形态，即迁移毒性态、亚迁移态和惰性态。建立了用原子荧光光谱法测定迁移态毒性汞中无机汞和有机汞的分析方法，并将该方法应用于武汉市涨渡湖沉积物中汞形态分析。方法检出限为0．004μg/L，精密度（RSD，n=11）为4．2％，回收率为92．2％～105．4％。 相似文献
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《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):240-241
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汞分析仪直接测定矿石中的痕量汞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用汞分析仪直接对不同矿石中的痕量汞进行快速准确测定。矿样直接称样后,无需复杂的湿法消解或样品前处理,6 min内即可完成汞的测定。建立的方法不受样品性质影响,无基体干扰,方法回收率为90.0%～109.0%,检出限为0.60 ng/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为0.95%～4.74%。使用该法分析了6大类矿石标准参考物质和实际样品,并与常规方法进行比较,分析结果与证书值和其他方法测定值一致。与现行国家标准分析方法相比,该方法大大缩短了分析周期,适合大批量试样的分析。 相似文献
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The concentration of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the atmosphere of urban Beijing was measured from October 2003 to September 2004 to investigate the origins and spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric Hg. The mean value of Hg concentration is 17.1 ng·m-3 (n=653). The atmospheric Hg data showed spatial-temporal variations throughout the duration of our observation. The maximum GEM concentration (53.7 ng·m-3) was observed at Gucheng in the western area of urban Beijing. The GEM concentrations increased from the north to the south of the studied area, and were higher in winter than in summer. The highest and lowest monthly averages of GEM concentrations were measured to be 23.3 and 4.1 ng·m-3 in January and July, respectively. In addition, GEM concentrations are higher in the daytime than at night in Autumn and from 14 March to 15 April, but daily GEM variation showed an inverse pattern from 22 April to 22 May. In winter, two peak values of GEM concentrations occurred at 13:30 and 21:30. Daily variation of GEM concentrations in summer was the lowest in the four seasons. Mercury from coal combustion was estimated to be the main source of anthropogenic emissions in Beijing from October 2003 to September 2004. Additionally, Hg emission from natural gas burning was estimated to be another dominant source of atmospheric Hg in Beijing. 相似文献
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Resource estimation from historical data: Mercury, a test case 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A simple technique based on historical records of tonnage and grade of ore produced provides a means for calculating how much of a mineral product will be available in the future at various average grades. Estimates made on this basis are independent of geologic considerations or changing economic and political factors, although they are based on mining history, which was largely determined by these factors. The relatively minor element, mercury, was used for the test case reported here, but the method has been found applicable to forecasts of resources for other mineral products. Mercury resources available in ore in which the average grade is as low as 0.1% are estimated to be 53 ×10
6
kg (1.5 ×10
6
flasks) for the United States and 1551 ×10
6
kg (45 ×10
6
flasks) for the world; this amount is more than adequate to meet predicted demand to the year 2000. The expectable price of mercury in 1978 dollars at this 0.1% grade is projected to be $58.75 per kg ($2,025 per flask), but at a 10% annual inflation rate, it would be more than $12,000 per flask. To satisfy just the projected U.S. demand for mercury by 2000, the price is calculated to be $48.96 per kg ($1,688 per flask) in 1978 dollars at an average annual grade of 0.12%. 相似文献
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Mateja Gosar 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):34-34
Half a millennium mercury production at Idrija is reflected in increased mercury contents in all environmental segments. The bulk of roasting residues from the middle of the 19th century to 1977 was discharged directly into the Idrijca River, and the material was carried at high waters to the Soca River and farther into the Adriatic Sea. It has been estimated that 45500 tons of mercury were emitted into the environment during the operating period of the mine, which ceased production in 1994. In the lower reaches of the Idrijca the riverine deposits with high mercury contents have been, and will be in the future a source of mercury polluted sediment. Stream sediments were monitored at the same locations along the Idrijca and Soca rivers （70 kin） every 5 years since 1991 （1991-2005）. Grain size distribution was determined by dry sieving and fractions for geochemical analysis were prepared （〈0.04 and 〈0.125 mm）. Soils on river terraces were sampled at 5 localities in the lower course of Idrijca. At two locations of the terrace profiles the samples of averaged meadow forage and plantain （Plantago lanceolata） were collected within a 50-meters radius. We found that there was no decrease in mercury concentration in active river sediments during the last 20 years. Upstream from the Idrija Town the mercury concentrations in active river sediments vary from 1 to 10 mg/kg （average 3.3 mg/kg）. From Idrija to Spodnja Idrija the mercury concentrations increase extremely and vary greatly （32-4,121 mg/kg, the average is 734 mg/kg）. From Spodnja ldrija to the Idrijca-Soca confluence is the average 218 mg/kg, and 57 mg/kg downstream in the Soca River sediments. 相似文献